Inter-OfficeMemorandumToCedarInterestDateOctober12,1982FromBillPaxtonLocationPaloAltoSubjectTheTiogaEditorOrganizationPARC/ISLXEROXFiledon:[Indigo]Documentation>TiogaDoc.TiogaandTiogaDoc.PressUses:[Indigo]Styles>TiogaDoc.StyleandCedar.StyleTheTiogaEditorIntroductionThisisanoverviewofTiogaasavailableforCedar3.4inOctober,1982.Tiogaisasystemtohelpyoupreparedocuments.Itstwomaincomponentsareaneditorandatypesetter.Theeditorletsyoucreatethetextofadocument.Thetypesettercomposesthetextintopagesforprinting.Tiogaisalreadycapableofdealingwithsimpletechnicalpapersandisalsowellsuitedtomoremundanetaskssuchaswritingprogramsandmemos.Infutureversions,itwillbesuitableforcomplextechnicaldocumentsandbooksandwillsupporttables,mathformulas,andfigurescontainingsyntheticgraphicsorscannedimages.Ifyouarelookingatthisdocumenton-line,youmightwanttousethelevel-clippingfunctiontoseetheoverallstructureratherthansimplyplowingstraightthrough.Hitthe"Levels"buttoninthetopmenu,thenhit"FirstLevelOnly"inthenewmenuthatappears.Thatwillshowyouthemajorsectionheadings.Hit"MoreLevels"toseethesubsections,orhit"AllLevels"toreadthedetails.OverviewSomeeditorsrepresentadocumentasalistofparagraphs.InTioga,adocumentisatreestructureratherthanalistsothatyoucanexplicitlyrepresentitshierarchicalstructure.IndiscussingthedocumenttreeweuseComputerScienceterminologyinwhichabranchisrecursivelydefinedtobeanodehavingzeroormorechildrenbranches.Therootnodeofthedocumenttreeisnotdisplayedalthoughitcanbemodifiedbyafewspecialcommandssothedocumentbasicallyappearstobealistoftop-levelbranches.Eachnodeinthetreecontainstext.Thecharactersofthetextcanhavelookswhichcontrolvariousaspectsoftheirappearancesuchasfontandsize.Appearanceisalsoinfluencedbythe1pqda " p M]d]|-]7f]<> MYdY-Y7fY: MV dV <-V 7fV r{Nfp MDpdDp+58r M@d@$/2> s#"8;'. t 35 p/&~M!'F)-/1~7!;??@AF'G.3 "& -0:276G9 :B AyD_Hn,~#& ,35x8+:>@G*|RU#'k-514W58;?AED)="$*,1O7&8;=BEj'NI"%(w-2N6DI@ c'),/ 35;?]B EHu% O )Y+(-0 79; CETHurpo+{$&r')+D 2489@(AyBE1o4!$2 *$0,2 9 @4B HoV<#( 0j26'7Q;=Z D?I@oxE#|(/259M;=DFHyo|P? "(b*L+d-2]91;<?E_o`z)C:"o  x#r'T*S 025N8,:v>L > pB C F<o 5E %Y(*U-Q03 ;^<? FHw)TVm$formatofthenodewhichdeterminesthingssuchasverticalandhorizontalspacing.Thedocumentcontainsnamesoflooksandformats,butnotthespecificinterpretationofthem.Theinterpretationsareinsteadcollectedinastylewhichcanbesharedbymanydocuments.Forexample,inthestyleforthisdocumenttherearedefinitionsofformatsfortitles,headings,andstandardparagraphs,andtherearedefinitionsoflooksforemphasisandforsmallcaps.Ratherthancopyingthespecificdetailsfortheformatsandlooks,thedocumentreferstothembynamesoitiseasytochangethedefinitionsinthestyleandmodifytheappearanceuniformlythroughoutthedocument.Thedetailsofthestylelanguagewillbedescribedinaforthcomingmemo.UserCategoriesTheTiogauser-interfaceis"layered"sothatbeginninguserscanprotectthemselvesfromtheconfusionthatresultsfrommistakenlygivingacommand.Inwaysdescribedbelow,youcantellthesystemthatyouareeitherabeginner,anintermediate,oranadvanceduser.Ifyoudonothing,thedefaultisbeginner.AsfarastheTiogauser-interfaceisconcerned,theusercategorydetermineswhichkeyboardcommandsarecurrentlyenabled.Asabeginner,yougetthecommandsthatusethespecialkeysattheleftandrightofthekeyboard,plusCTRL-AandCTRL-Wforbackspacecharacterandword,respectively.Asanintermediateuser,youaddalargenumberofcommandsthatuseprintkeysincombinationwiththevariousshiftkeys.Asanadvanceduser,youaddthekeyboardcommandsformanipulatingthedocumenttreestructure.AnycategoryofusercangetatanyofthecommandsbyusingtheEditTool.Theusercategorymechanismismeanttoletyouprotectyourself,nottolimityou.Youarefreetochangeyourowncategoryatanytimeyoufeellikeit.Forexample,todeclareyourselftobeanintermediateuser,edityouruserprofiletosay"UserCategory:intermediate".InputDevicesMouseThemousehasthreebuttonsnamedLEFT,MIDDLE,andRIGHTcorrespondingtotheirphysicallayout.KeyboardUsedforcommandsaswellastextinput.Herearethenamesforthespecialkeys.LOOK(looksshift).toprightblankkey.NEXT.middlerightblankkey.REPEAT.keylabelledESC.DELETE.keylabelledDEL.LOADFILE.keylabelledLF.ThebottomrightblankkeyisanalternativeCTRLkey.YoucanuseeitherCTRLkeyandeitherSHIFTkeyinterchangeably.ScrollingandThumbingTomoveaviewertolookatadifferentpartofthedocument,movethecursorintotheleftmarginuntilitbecomesadoublearrowpointingbothupanddown.Thepartofthemarginthatbecomesgrayiscalledthe"scrollbar".Thedarkgraypartshowstherelativesizeandlocationofthecurrentlyvisibleportionofthedocument.ClickLEFTtomovethetextadjacenttothearrowtothetopoftheviewer.ClickRIGHTtomovethetextfromthetopoftheviewerdowntothearrow.Theseoperationsarecalled"scrolling"thedocument.2vob&pb&nb&Q %),.v3/5 <3ADo`N M%y'*,N1 9;?Ao^Hv^ ^p"^#^&)+0206 >@FHo]0zU " )+$/25;>C o[T  !m%8'-036;#?C6HoYj"%b)h+2V6=7;=AsCHDF+I@oX:B  #&+&-l 4: AD*oVGP#&Q(B.l01D 9uS&_ poPGr} < '1) ,26X9= DHoN 8 '+;,c35j8>CQFHoL+#L$*- 579@DEEHoKQ=QoH x %M& . 039p @DoGNq$l&v'-0W24;>AC`GoEq[{y&-x)!Eq)Eqp,2Eqx,Eqp-Eq.Eqx0Eq1`Eqp3Eqx4Eqp5Eq6Eq7>GD*FoC  #'+),-1?6q8/?ADgGoB# !"%)+-d3_695;>D o@{ <#& .1h7(9(yh"&)~,2;9;#?vAICjFFo=-s\"%;().N149;>#ACCFIAo;p%F'J)+ 4&7:>wAFHo9 B u6rvo3p0n"x'k0(%0p*P0x+*0,;0p/000x3q04E0p708>0 @BCE/Kvo,lp)d4""#&+/1Y37::<Ax1'Bp'Bm'B &'B)R,0yx1$p_$&$+.2x1" p" &" )rx." /W" p0" x1p&)rx./p0x1p~&)rx./Wp0lQX!#8% x+l,lp//l/l25~7:]x>:l?lpAlBclD-FxpW1uYpoy+@(- !'U*$+.48l:>ACF<og{"(=+d-a047B:;=BETo+-EB#&)-0456;>A\FHo S M"* x- .h p1 1q 26}8;ABE2I$o UNx" " p&V & ("+.|1Q47R9;>8BFHno 568 !9%1 ,.tw) TVm$IfyouholddownMIDDLEinthescrollbar,thecursorbecomesaright-pointingarrow.Ifyoumovethecursortox%downfromthetopoftheviewerandletup,theviewerwillchangetostartaboutx%ofthewaythroughthedocument.Thisoperationiscalled"thumbing".SelectionsThedetailsofmakingselectionswillbecoveredlateron.Fornow,yousimplyneedtoknowthatthereisasingleprimaryselectiononthescreen.Theviewercontainingtheselectionisreferredtoasthe"selectedviewer".Manyofthefollowingcommandsdealwiththeselectionortheselectedviewer.MenusToplevelmenuSavewritesanewversionofthefileRequiresconfirmationbeforewritingthefile.Oldversionofthefileisrenamedtohavea"$"attheendoftheextensionsothatyoucanretrieveitifnecessary.Iftheversionofthefileonthediskhasamorerecentcreatedatethanthedocumentyouareabouttosave,thesystemwilltellyou.Thisistowarnyouaboutsituationsinwhichyouloadafileandwhileitisinaviewertransferamorerecentversiontoyourdisk.GetloadsthefilenamedbytheselectionintoaviewerIftheconfirmingclickisdonewiththeleftbutton,thefileisloadedintothe"clicked"viewerandreplacesthepreviouscontents.Ifitisdonewiththemiddlebutton,anewvieweriscreatedbelowtheclickedone.Finally,ifitisdonewiththerightbutton,theclickedviewerisclosedandanewviewerappearsinitsplace.Acommentwillappearinthemessagewindowtoremindofthis.Ifyouusearemotefilename,suchas/Cedar/Documentation/TiogaDoc.Tioga,thesystemwillfetchthefileandmaketheviewer"ReadOnly".Thisletsyoubrowseremotefilesandcopyinformationfromthem.Infuturereleases,Tiogawillsupporteditingofremotefiles.FileExtensionsIftheselectednamedoesnotincludeanexplicitextension(i.e.,thereisnoperiodintheselectedtext),Tiogawillsearchforthefileusingasetofstandardextensions.Thedefaultextensionsaremesa,tioga,df,cm,config,andstyle.Youcanspecifyyourownlistofextensionswithauserprofileentryfor"SourceFileExtensions".Iftheselectednameisoftheform.andsuchafileexists,itisopened.Otherwise,ifisoneofthestandardsetofextensions,youwillbeinformedthatthefiledoesn'texist.However,ifisnotastandardextension,thesystemtriestoopenthefileasifyouhadsimplyselected.Ifthissucceeds,itsearchesinthefileforadefinitionof.Thisconventionisintendedforusewithprogramsthathavemanyinstancesof.inwhich.mesaisafilecontainingadefinitionfor.GetImpllikeGetbutloadsthefilethatimplementstheselectedinterfacenameIftheselectednamedoesnotincludeanexplicitextension(i.e.,thereisnoperiodintheselectedtext),Tiogawilluseasetofstandardimplementationextensions.Currently,mesaistheonlydefaultimplementationextension.Youcanspecifyyourownlistofimplementationextensionswithauserprofileentryfor"ImplFileExtensions".Iftheselectednameisoftheform.andanimplementationfortheitemis3pob)xb) b)p 0b) b)!$j()+ -17w8 AFHo`H&" %(*,d.3Z6+8@:=<ADI@o^aW$'&.n179= u[ poXb #&(-1:4R7:=bAEeG/oWl$0"(j*-,25:9 A!CIoUhYa ;&&*+.,4;;>A,CI*oSt OuL9"voIkpIkIk!}#5%F #'* -H046z8;9<BJCG4HYE?h8!#z&H(+013A BUA "$~'p)+.269= ?pEHA\ #6%)",:-/P25u9U ?rAE*G?nc%? i$)+.279/ @F8ws h&');*-03C7<=@|DF%6D$%'L(,2/Q15 9<<@EPF5(!!#%*,E2y5P:;>fCI@3Q0G\{u#&(J$ACHC/WXJ"R& /258L=ADG- Z &!&+|/\27;=hB* 1(bU"%m*n,1u7:>@BCFH1&m!%(F*-.02!4M6; C^FF1% #&(-058e;,@C|FI51#l  $(*R1  !#&U) 36: ;u>!BqD E1B  ~#:%'s-/K1 8:=?EH1$ %*+./R5 ;>BEG|1H$W)/1B39;]@BDGwI1L  %#k *,@2(472:x@CG$1%Z'+568: A?Bg H1vo2p2 2vQ2O2p22_!$R&) 03S8>%8~7 N"'o)E.46:h;=AC|EdO "(K 24 9 @lCEjG^r I &6)>+0Y368:t DL  ~ "O 5dd!/#'257 ACFKIw) rTVm$currentlyloaded,thesystemwillfindthenameofthefileholdingtheimplementation(ourthankstotheCedarruntimemodelforprovidingthisinformation).Otherwise,thesystemtriestoopenthefileasifyouhadsimplyselected,and,ifthissucceeds,searchesinthefileforadefinitionof.PrevFilelikeGetbutreloadsthefilethatwaspreviouslyinthisviewerResetdiscardseditsbyreloadingthefiledversionofthedocumentStorelikeSavebutwritestothefilenamedbythecurrentselectionClearcreatesanemptyviewerIftheconfirmingclickisdonewiththeleftbutton,the"clicked"vieweriscleared.Ifitisdonewiththemiddlebutton,anewemptyvieweriscreatedbelowtheclickedone.Finally,ifitisdonewiththerightbutton,theclickedviewerisclosedandanewemptyviewerappearsinitsplace.Theemptyviewerwillsay"NoName"atthetopintheplacethatwouldnormallyholdthefilename.Naturallythemostcommonthingtodowitha"NoName"vieweristoloadafile.Ifyoutypeafilenameintoa"NoName"viewerandthenhitLF,itisasifyouselectedthenameandhitGetbutnoconfirmationisrequired.CTRL-LFprovidesasimilarfunctionforGetImpl.TimeinsertsthecurrenttimeatthecaretSplitcreatesanewviewerlookingatthesamedocumentTheselectionishighlightedinonevieweronly,howevereditswillbereflectedinallviewersforthedocument.Notethatthesplitviewerscanbeindependentlyclosed,opened,ormovedonthescreen.Places,Levelsshow/removesubmenusPlacesThePlacesmenucontainscommandsthatcausetheviewertobegindisplayingatanewplaceinthedocument.Thefirstthreeofthecommandssearchforinstancesofthecurrentselection.Forthesecommands,thebuttonusedinclickingthemenuitemdetermineshowthesearchiscarriedoutclickLEFTtosearchtowardstheendofthedocument,RIGHTtosearchtowardsthestartofthedocument,orMIDDLEtosearchfirsttowardstheendand,ifthatfails,thentowardsthestart.Iftheselectionisvisibleintheviewer,thesearchstartsthere.Otherwise,itstartsfromthetopoftheviewer.FindFindanotherinstanceoftheselectedtext.Inthiscommandandthefollowingtwo,capitalizationmattersinthesearch(e.g.,hittingFindwith"the"selectedwillnotselect"The").WordFindaninstanceoftheselectedtextthatisa"word"i.e.,doesn'thaveadjacentlettersordigits.DefFinda"definition"oftheselectedtexti.e.,aninstanceoftheselectedtextthatisimmediatelyfollowedbyacolonanddoesn'thaveanimmediatelyprioralphanumeric.Position4pb!P"%(+Z/?1361;a= G`y+$1"^&(.1 :U A$CyG^Wr #H', 4k7}8;AyFH]+9w voZlpZlZlvcZlaZlpZlZlq#.%'*-q 458cvoWpWWC%'+(/14 voTpTXTvT}TpTTh!j#%x',h.c05voR;$p R;R;OB  #u&(+6/2@8:<=CfDFG|NX! #(?,.279h>AFH%ILuC_!$=(-L.2569=BYGeIJHR A!$)+g-0d2&48A;$?fEJHF5 ?#)B,.{0}347<@BTCGH-E]9m"#&+0&26x8AE8Ep9E:E;=r?*@CWHC\A!f )+4x1C\2C\p4C\x5hC\p7]C\8$C\= >SBHAvo>p>7># L#q% 'ivo<;p<;7<;#L:!&(+*.9v "I$ &+E.4d7:<B>DF8q 7#%i(p-[/1 :?iDFh6u6vo30p33 "u0opo-InP&)l-#/359g ?ABEI@o, "#&,13O9:=A HCo*b0 $5%*-O1.4P ;T>U@DFRo(x&((p}((7 {%(*,/x5(6(p:(:(;@E;Go'?xj'|'p!'"'#d'*/2P58D9<?C8Hpo%lK"e$ &c+-o15.9 @UAE0Ho#vo!p,7 >"'S} '* 2t7]9;|?C#Gl!%vop6BHz%2'*,d-247H<?wDI*vopX L %(=*,.T35#7g@EI@^G0"]$&(vo\pY8~e#7(* 046R9<2?vDlW  4voUpR)`O #- )-/2.6 =BH PnvoN&pK:%`').04t6#uHKpoEqVR #&*,|1/4I58V>A voB pBB!5#& )Ovo? p?,?0"o%(vo= p==6#&F)lvo:QbpG:Q:Q "C$t 6$ u2O po0Ez #'7+/M13b69;:=@CEXIwo.YNa%'*.48:?{EJHo,)$'(-24 8<(=ACoGeo+  w#$+,-07+8 vo(@2p%h 2#U( /%026p8t9?CEH7$r u"#&>(,.o048:@C!FH"n|u. voJ2p$&)Q/3u529c:@zC)F #&ivoUp!c"(0+-[0!37 >BFDH7*W"\$ &) 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BEFI  5bE!#([w)TVm$,YoucancancelthenewselectionbyhittingDELwhilethemousebuttonisstilldown.Thesystemwillrestorethepreviousselection.WordselectionA"word"isdefinedasasequenceoflettersanddigitsorasequenceofidenticalcharactersthatarenotlettersordigits.UsetheMIDDLEmousebuttontomakewordselections.Aswithcharacterselection,youcanholdMIDDLEdownandmovetothecorrectwordbeforelettingup.NodeselectionDoubleclickLEFTtoselectanode.BranchselectionAbranchisanodeandanychildrenbranchesitmighthave.DoubleclickMIDDLEtoselectabranch.DocumentselectionCTRL-Dextendstheselectiontoincludetheentiredocument."D"standsforfor"Document".SelectionextensionExtendanexistingselectionbypointingatanewendpointandclickingRIGHT.ThesystemwillextendtheendoftheselectionclosertothecursorwhenRIGHTgoesdown.YoucanholdRIGHTdownandmovetheendpointtoanewposition.IfyoujustclickRIGHT,theselectionisextendedatthesamelevelintheselectionhierarchy.Forexample,aselectionatthewordlevelwillbeextendedawordatatime.DoubleclickRIGHTtoextendatalowerlevelinselectionhierarchy.Tripleclicktoextendatahigherlevelinselectionhierarchy.Thus,ifyouhaveanode-levelselectionandwishtoextendittoawordpositionwithinanode,doubleclickRIGHTtoreducetheleveltowordsandthendotheextension.Ifnecessary,youcanthendoubleclickagaintoreducetocharacterlevel.EditingbymakingselectionsDeleteselectionsAdeleteselectionisdeletedassoonastheselectioniscompleted.Itisshownasvideoreverse.HolddownCTRLtomakeadeleteselection.TheselectioniscompletewhenyouletuponboththemousebuttonandtheCTRLkey.Pending-deleteselections"Pending-delete"selectionsareautomaticallydeletedbysubsequentinsertions.Theyareshownwithvideoreverseratherthansolidunderline.Wheneveryouextendaselectionitisautomaticallymadepending-delete.Noticethatyoudon'thavetoactuallychangetheselectionwhenyou"extend"it.Forexample,youcanclickMIDDLEtoselectawordandthenimmediatelyclickRIGHTtomakeitpending-delete.Oryoucancombinetheseactionsby"rolling"fromtheLEFTorMIDDLEmousebuttontotheRIGHTbuttontomakeacharorwordselectionpending-delete.Forexample,thesequenceMIDDLE-down,RIGHT-down,MIDDLE-up,RIGHT-upwillproduceapending-deletewordselection.CopyandMoveSourceselectionsaremadewiththeSHIFTkeyhelddownandareshownwithagrayunderline.Copysourcetoprimary6pb)` h&'(=x,b)-b)p/b)0b)3b5:P>@aCG`K}$k vo]9p[&x|!-'0)-80 356=>D Y]s4"%x'Y(Yp-Y./Y1\57v;'> EGW "ix%W&Wp*W+W.157P9>zBFV0voS`pPxPPpOPP!"voN1pKz\c"U'-~.26;x?Kz@,KzpD=KzDKzEIIvoGxDwpDwxZDwpDwMDw"$P),+/r69=@BW voAFp?"$*;+-0086#8x>#?>?pA?C?Fs=us> &*u,.r2x6E=u7=up:t=u;$=u=BE"Gx;p;;G!'x)'*P->9Ge/x19G9Gp9G9G"_()/1<37>:D 7 ":$(W+.~067;t='>lBGx5p5p5#!$&,- 372:i<@BCDG4Qu "$&*+" 17c:=9>CRDFEGf2M0 6%x(2)X2p,2-W2.36#9;?BF'Hi1 L "o$( ,/35P9;{Adu- vo* p(EvX(E (E-p(E (E!#&(t*0p1 9Z:<5@B*E&txZ&%&p&Y&!"& -06Z7=ADFH$ l7!x$N$%$p'$($vo"&  p !# ,<02 9 @D^FRx"%)K 1)8(;F@)AGIM 8' +v.904n79M>XBEIa!&)[+x./p34N5i9: =o@C x#pk0i),.1s7$:?yAGhWxbWWpWWxWWpWEW"'L).x+W,Wp0W0W46:;?)A D#D%x+l,~p0&0x45p8~8x= >pAB=xDEkpHcH{ #Y& vo7pV s!n$|x&'np*+L-0(368=@*AGDJ  5w)TVm$IfyouholddowntheSHIFTkeyandselect,thesourceselectionwillbecopied.Iftheprimaryselectioniscurrentlypending-delete,itwillbereplacedbythecopyofthesource.Otherwise,thecopywillbeinsertedatthecaret.MovesourcetoprimaryIfyouholddowntheSHIFTkeyandtheCTRLkey,thesourceselectionwillbemoved.Asbefore,iftheprimaryselectionispending-delete,itwillbereplacedbythesource.Otherwise,thesourcewillbemovedtothecaret.DestinationselectionsforCopyandMoveTheoperationsdescribedaboveworkbycopyingormovingasourceselectiontotheprimaryselection.However,oftentheprimaryselectionisitselfthethingyouwanttocopyormove.Thefollowingtwocommandstakecareofthesesituations.CopyprimaryTocopytheprimaryselection,hitCTRL-S,andwiththecontrolkeystillhelddown,selectadestination.Thecopytakesplaceassoonasyouletthekeysup.Theprimaryselectionismadenot-pending-deleteassoonasyouhitCTRL-Stoindicatethatitwillbecopiedratherthanmoved.MoveprimaryTomovetheprimaryselection,hitCTRL-Z,andwiththecontrolkeystillhelddown,selectadestination.Themovetakesplaceassoonasyouletthekeysup.Theprimaryselectionismadepending-deleteassoonasyouhitCTRL-Ztoindicatethatitwillbemovedratherthancopied.TransposeselectionsWenowhavecoveredcommandstocopyormoveeithertheprimaryorthesourceselections.Afinaloptionistotransposetheprimaryandthesource.Todothis,hitCTRL-X,andwiththecontrolkeystillhelddown,selectasource.Thetransposetakesplaceassoonasyouletthekeysandmousebuttonsup.MiscellaneousCancellingaselectionHitDELbeforefinishingtheselectionandthepreviousselectionwillberestored.Thisworksduringeitherprimary,source,destination,ortransposeselections.PlaceholdersA"placeholder"isallthetextbetweenamatchingpairofplaceholderbrackets,.HitNEXTtofindandselectthenextplaceholderbeyondthecurrentselection.HitSHIFT-NEXTtofindthepreviousone.RecallthatNEXTistheblankkeytotherightofRETURN.Ifthereisn'tanotherplaceholder,NEXTwillmovetheselectiontotheendofthedocument.Iftheselectionisalreadyattheend,NEXTwilltrytofindthenextnestedtextviewer.Similarly,SHIFT-NEXTwillmovetheselectiontothestartofthedocumentifitdoesn'tfindapreviousplaceholderandwilltrytofindthepreviousnestedtextviewerifitisalreadyatthestart.ThisallowsyoutouseNEXTbothwhenfillinginplaceholderswithinadocumentandwhenfillingintextviewersintools.SelectvisibleexpandselectiontoblanksCTRL-Vexpandstheselectiontoincludethe"visible"charactersontheleftandrightends.Selectmatchingbrackets7p1b)@\x]b)b)p#b)#b)%(:,>.28T:<ACWE1`(),^.;357;<?D 1^~!#N%\! 1Y}xY Yp#Y$Y&h)*x+Y,^Yp/Y/Y2 4w8>A4C/H1WLi$&H/135:<?D 1VW|"#&voS  "]%pQ+ o $(=*E/}1M6N7;ACLEO o!U#) .08369<{?AEFMf#L&E)3*.v K#1H^Y %\x'H(KHp+H,tH/12R49q< >AEI1G )  i#')I,.S1358;>CI1EZ!#&(+|x-EZ.wEZp26EZ2EZ396<=@<B?F1CW@1>~Up %x'>~(>~p+>~,>~/u249AFI1<  $@'),.1E3F58;>CI1;/ Q!$I%(x*;/+;/p/j;//;/16J9:t=!?CG19vo6 p4\_h%'w*,0[4L6;=@Dm 2T|3"%<*k-/r468;x=2>}2pA2B2E|H1 :"K&'W,/59A<>ACFH/fu, vo)o .cp&xP&6&p&&t /"(H+ -t3 8;s=nCF%TA-#c *,2 vo" p (Q rW #X()/24I ;yAY (B (pC (D (xG; (H$ (pV'! )3..05x <x>?ApBxB}pF#FG/F x#M$6p&'I(R*.125*8|x:5; p?_J x%}_&e_p)_* _+/k17a9;`>?BIS,7 "x&&p)*,C.g025Y8f<?gD xp1xpUS!a'(+W.}0L29E:<(@DE@i 0~!@$$&y+0D27L89;P@ACG~xp d"&*,c 4[89@RCF~6voatq'#%Jx p xZ p 5 G"$)z+1 79<\>ADvo 5tXw) .TVm$CTRL-]extendstheselectiontotheleftandrighttofindamatchingpairof[..]'s.SimilarlyforCTRL-},CTRL-),andCTRL->.NotethatyouhitCTRLwiththerightbrackettoextendtheselection.Inaddition,youcanhitCTRLwiththeleftbrackettoinsertmatchingbracketsaroundtheselection.Finepoint:Unfortunately,ourkeyboardsdon'thavebothleftandrightquotekeys.Howevermostofthefonts,includingTimesRomanandHelvetica,doprovidealeftandrightsinglequote.Thekeyboardkeyinsertsarightsinglequote(code047);theleftsinglequote(code140)canbeinsertedusingtheMakeOctalCharactercommandintheEditToolorwiththeInsertMatchingSingleQuotescommand(CTRL-').TheEditToolalsohasacommandwhichextendstheselectiontofindamatchingpairofleftandrightsinglequotes.Thesituationfordoublequotesisevenlessuniform.Somefonts,suchasClassic,havealeftdoublequote(code264)inadditiontoarightdoublequote(code042).However,mostfontshaveonlythe042doublequote,sotheTiogacommandsforinsertingandmatchingdoublequotesusethatcodeexclusively.EditingTextinputTyped-incharactersareinsertedatthecaret.ToinsertthecurrenttimeuseCTRL-T"T"forTime.WhenyouinsertacarriagereturnbyhittingRETURN,thesystemwillautomaticallycopytheblankcharacters(tabsandspaces)fromthestartofthepreviousline.Tosuppressthis,typeSHIFT-RETURNandonlythecarriagereturnwillbeinserted.Toinsertcontrolcharactersorcharacterswithaspecificoctalcode,useCTRL-KorCTRL-O.Theformerwillchangethecharacterbeforethecarettoacontrolcharacter,whilethelatterwillconvertthethreedigitsbeforethecarettothecorrespondingoctalcharacter.TheinverseoperationsarealsoavailableasCTRL-SHIFT-KandCTRL-SHIFT-O.AbbreviationExpansionCTRL-E"E"forExpandabbreviationWhenyouhitCTRL-E,thecaretismovedtotherightoftheselectionifnecessaryandthekeynametotheleftofthecaretisthenreplacedbytheexpansiontext(accordingtothedefinitionwhichislinkedtothestyleinamannerdescribedbelow).Ifthekeynamehadlooks,theyareaddedtotheexpansion.Ifthekeynamewasallcaps,theexpansionismadeallcapstoo.Ifthekeynamehadaninitialcap,thefirstcharacteroftheexpansionismadeuppercase(usefulatthestartofsentences,forexample).Ifthedefinitionnodehasanon-nullformat,theformatofthecaretnodeischangedtobethesameasthedefinitionnode.Iftheexpansioncontainsaplaceholder,thefirstplaceholderisselected.Otherwisetheentireexpansionisselected.DefinitionsforabbreviationscomefromTiogadocumentswhichareautomaticallyreadbythesystemwhenneeded.Thenameoftheappropriateabbreviationsfileisdeterminedbythestylethatisineffectatthecaretwhentheexpansiontakesplace.Forexample,ifthestyleis"Report",theabbreviationswillcomefromthefile"Report.Abbreviations".Youcanoverridethisbyexplicitlynamingtheabbreviationsfilealongwiththekeyname.Forexample,"Mesa.proc"willexpandtheabbreviationfor"proc"fromthefile"Mesa.Abbreviations"independentofthestyleineffectatthecaret.(Finepoint:Sincethesysteminterpretsaperiodbeforethekeynametomeanthatyou'respecifyingaparticularabbreviationsfile,youcannottypeavanillaabbreviationafteraperiod.)Eachdefinitioninanabbreviationsfileconsistsofaseparatebranch.Thetopnodeofthebranchholdsthekeynamefollowedbyanequalssignandthenthetextexpansion.Therestofthe8xb!pb!Zb!BA"F#&S(+.0~3l4:=l?$BHx`yp`yZ`yx`y`yp'`y`y&x `y`yp!`y!`y$'*-x/`y0`yp3{`y4x`y69S<ACHk^ &!3#x%^&|^p)^*^, .k057-:@F]+/ Z ) !p#*.$1m47$9=2AEYZA# +. 557j<=@CGWa!%'6*.26:"<?,C2G.U;5 #/679<@ ADGT&x&T'\Tp)T*T,;/ 25A8:q;AERk;$'), .2,6#;}>aDFQP?"&*-/479;@+DGOz"&x*4.4F7; >OAeCFQMuiK%(k.p17<ADzGK t GuD`poAb "#Y$'Qo?Oax"$?O"?Op%6?Ox%?Op&?O(?O+v-?O.?Op0?Oo<r$ %x*A<+<p/*</<2:695 ADGo;, K<"^&3),.1u7s;>xDvGxo9p9xJ9p9A9Sm %*',.o7 q, "l (,-62(59)x;7 @ Fo&Q  7$*./13[9&;?BE!I@o$ & "%'|*-F35,8:=A9BEo#<BC< &(l*1m26=FACFI5o![ Zj! # )-0!1l7'<>C7EGoZz#c%'} -2(36<AC, o  }#*,g0S685o  !%o(,484: C9FsHof G$%(8 / 8:< CREVGoC-%h #%,]/46C oWo  ! % ',~.1/T49BDCFQo 5R!#%*j-z0_36@9& @CFHw) TVm$branch,ifany,iscopiedafterthecaretnodeaspartofexpandingtheabbreviation.Anytextfollowingthekeynameismovedtotheendofthelastchildnodeinthebranch.Thedefinitionmayalsoincludealistofoperationstobeperformedaftertheexpansionhasbeeninserted.TheseoperationshavethesameformatasthoseinEditToolandareplacedinparenthesesafterthekeynameandbeforetheequalssign.DeleteCharacterorWordBackSpace:CTRL-A,CTRL-H,orBS.Deletesthecharactertotheleftofthecaret.Finepoint:Ifthecaretisatthestartofanode,thisdoesaJoincommand(q.v.).BackWord:CTRL-W,orCTRL-BS.Deletesthewordtotheleftofthecaret.DeleteNextChar:CTRL-SHIFT-A,CTRL-SHIFT-H,orSHIFT-BS.Deletesthecharactertotherightofthecaret.DeleteNextWord:CTRL-SHIFT-W,orCTRL-SHIFT-BS.Deletesthewordtotherightofthecaret.DeleteAsmentionedabove,youcandeletesomethingbyselectingitwithCTRLhelddown.Inaddition,youcandeletethecurrentselectionbyhittingDEL.PastePaste:CTRL-P.Themostrecentlydeletedtextiscopiedtothecaret.YoucanalsousetheEditTooltosavethecurrentselectiontobepastedlater.Copy,Move,Replace,andTransposeTheseoperationsareallcarriedoutbymakingselections.Theyaredescribedindetailintheprevioussection.InsertmatchingbracketsCTRL-[addsamatchingpairof[..]'stotheendsoftheselection.SimilarCTRLcommandsexistfor{,(,<,-,',and".CTRL-Binsertsmatchingplaceholderbrackets.Note:CTRL-'insertsaleftsinglequote(code140)andarightsinglequote(code047);CTRL-"insertsthesamecharacter(code042)ateachendoftheselection.CaseAlllower:CTRL-C.Makestheselectionalllowercase.Allcaps:CTRL-SHIFT-C.Makestheselectionalluppercase.Initialcaps:CTRL-doubleC.Capitalizeseachwordintheselection.Firstcap:CTRL-SHIFT-doubleC.CapitalizesthefirstwordoftheselectionRepeatHittingESCwillrepeatthemostrecentnon-emptyeditsequencestartingwiththecurrentselection.Editsequencesareseparatedbyuser-madeselections.Forexample,ifyouselectaword,deleteit,typeanewone,andthenselectsomethingelse,theeditsequenceisdeletefollowedbytextentry.IfyouhitRepeat,thesystemwilldoadeleteandretypethenewword.Auto-repeatisdonebyESC-select:ifyouholddowntheESCkeywhilemakingaselection,aRepeatwillautomaticallybedoneassoonastheselectioniscompleted.Thisisusefulwhen9pob)5"% (,-029< EH7o`2#%q'*,P.1:48+9B CF%uFpoDuE@!%,[.L35'x87D9Dp;DCKEoB\&%'x+B\,B\p.GB\u? po-2)36E:=@4CEGo:cg$5%',%u7J(Vpo4 _#&5(Q-Z 48I:ABFHo2u/xo,p,,9p|!c#)& '*7-/G1 8Qx=',=,p@,AH,Go+9r^xn+9+p +x +p"+"+&k,i 3y97+:+o(xx(C(p((y(\(a 3$8(3, /523I6:>BxF/(F(pI@(I(yo&#D&S'+-/1 u#po x  p x pt  "9')-odxKddpdxdpcdd#(%+--1 o|xpx-p!{"y (k+/%032 ohxhhphxEhph hx!h"hp$ h% h *-[0335t7upoPxPPpPP1v"&-0J6:=@-D o|M!u#y*0 1F39;==ABFo4Z!%,R/w14:*AjBG9w)7TVm$ryou'redoingalargenumberofrepeats.UndoHittingSHIFT-ESCundoesthemostrecenteditsequenceandrestorestheselectiontoitspriorstate.Ifyouwanttoundomorethanjustthemostrecentsequence,usetheEditHistorytoolwhichisdescribedlater.TreestructureeditingAsexplainedintheintroduction,Tiogadocumentsconsistofatreeofnodes.Thefollowingcommandsletyoubreak,join,andnestnodesinthetree.Break:CTRL-RETURNbreaknodeatinsertionpointtocreateanewnode.Join:CTRL-Jjoinnodeatinsertionpointwithpreviousnode.Nest:CTRL-Nmoveselectednodestodeepernestinglevelintree.UnNest:CTRL-SHIFT-Nmoveselectednodestoshallowernestinglevelintree.Break&Nest:CTRL-Isimultaneouslyinsertanewnodeandnestit.Break&UnNest:CTRL-SHIFT-Isimultaneouslyinsertandunnest.LooksCharactershavelookswhicharenamedbythelowercaseletters"a"to"z".Looksareinterpretedbythestyletochangetheappearanceofthetext.Forexample,look"e"mightstandfor"emphasis"andmightresultinitalicfaceinonestyleandboldfaceinanother.Eachcharacterhasasetoflooksthusitmayhaveseverallookssimultaneously,buteachlookoccursonlyonce.YoucanusetheEditTooltoreadorchangethesetoflooksforselectedcharacters.Thefollowingkeyboardcommandsarealsoavailablefordealingwithlooks.SelectionLooksYoucanchangetheselectionlookswiththefollowingcommands.(RecallthattheLOOKshiftisthetopblankkeytotherightofBS.)LOOK-chartoaddtoselectionlooks.LOOK-SHIFT-chartoremovefromselectionlooks.LOOK-spacetoremoveallselectionlooks.CaretLooksCaretlooksdeterminethelooksoftyped-intext.Thecaretpicksupthelooksoftheadjacentselectedtextwheneveraselectionismade.Changingtheselectionlooksalsochangesthecaretlooks.However,ifyouwishtochangethelooksofthecaretwithoutchangingtheselectionlooks,clickthecharacterkeytwiceinquicksuccession.LOOK-char-chartoaddtocaretlooks.LOOK-SHIFT-char-chartoremovefromcaretlooks.LOOK-space-spacetoremoveallcaretlooks.UsingSelectionsToCopyLooksTocopythelooksofsomeexistingtexttotheprimaryselection,hitCTRL-Q,andthenwiththe10pob)!F"u^po\ xX\ \ p\ \ ";%*,35;$=C|EUGYoZc@E $'*-0u4;=@C!H!oX}uUfV&poRz $(/467:<ADoPTP5"Z%'+-/oNvxNvNvpNvxiNvpNvNv"v%'-10267:oKxKKpKxwKp]KBK!&*i-3oIux(IuIup9IuxIupIuIu"&({-156oFx FFpFxFpFxsFpFF#i(,.;4Y9<]> oDtexDtDtpDtxADtpDtDt (S,-H0636`9CoAexAfApAx&Ap!Ax"Ap"A$A .14t =p:t $"#&(+.158^: =gAC 8B_ $&(,X.47:+>AvC8D8p7& "%(+.139=8C7EGI55~%7#+&03&6e9=AEFHc3v^#&K([*-/4 <>D20G" &)u.po,~ !%W(r*08=[@*xB,CC,pFM,F,Iho*jD^"x#*j$*jp% *j%x*jxo'p'A'Qf" xo%ip%ixA%ip%i%i, $*)xo"p"A"~%#upoF #%+ .15E8;=A9C Eo#u$&&*1339Y=?E!Go|: "'3)-.14P9J?AdFo !"& xoTpTATVk"xopxAp1#'/*xoSpSAS O!8#(&u  Vpo 5u" %(l**,1 7x: 5: 5p=( 5x= 5p>~ 5?i 5B0EeHw)epTVm$HCTRLkeystillhelddown,selectthetextwiththelooksyouwanttocopy.Thesourcelooksreplaceanylookstheselectionpreviouslyhad.AutomaticMesaformattingTheCTRL-McommandscanstheselectionforMesakeywords,comments,andprocedurenamesandgivesthemlooksk,c,andnrespectively.(Asaconvenienceduringtypein,theentirecaretnodeisreformattediftheselectionisacaretonly.)WiththestandardCedarstyle,thekeywordswillthenbedisplayedinsmallcaps,thecommentswillbeitalic,andtheprocedurenameswillbeboldface.Weexpecttoprovidemoreextensivereformattingcapabilitiesinthefuture.FormatsJustascharactershavelooks,nodeshaveformats.The"format"isthenameofaruleinthestylethattellshowtomodifyvariousparameterswhendisplayingthenode.Forexample,astylefordocumentsmightcontainformatsfortitles,headings,quotations,standardparagraphs,etc.TheEditToolhasfacilitiesforreadingandchangingtheformatofanode,oryoucanusethecommandsdescribedbelow.(Byconvention,thenullformatnameisequivalentto"default".)SettingandinsertingcaretnodeformatCTRL-_willdeletethewordtotheleftofthecaretandmakeittheformatofthecaretnode.Finepoint:Inmostcasesyouwillgivethiscommandimmediatelyaftertypingtheformatname,sothecaretwillnaturallybeinthecorrectplace.However,tohandlecasesinwhichyouselectthenamebeforehittingCTRL-_,thecaretwillautomaticallybeforcedtotherightoftheselectionatthestartofthiscommand.CTRL-SHIFT-_insertstheformatname.Thisgivesyouasimplewaytofindouttheformatofaselectednode.UsingselectionstocopyformatsTocopytheformatofsomeexisitingnodetotheselectionnodes,hitCTRL-F,andthenwiththeCTRLkeystillhelddown,selectthenodewiththeformatyouwanttocopy.TheEditToolTheEditToolprovidesavarietyofoperationsonTiogadocuments.TheEditToolmenucontainssomespecialcommandsinadditiontotheusualvieweroperations.The"Bigger"commandenlargestheEditTool,whilethe"Smaller"menuitemdoestheopposite.The"Stop"buttonletsyouinterruptlengthysubstitutionsandsorts.Thesecondlineofthemenucontainsbuttonsforsearchandsubstitutewhicharediscussedbelow.ThetextfieldsintheEditToolfollowtheconventionthatclickingthefieldnamewithLEFTcausesthecontentsofthefieldtobeselectedpending-deletewhileclickingwithRIGHTcausesthefieldtobeclearedandselected.SearchandSubstituteSearchTodoasearch,enterthetextyou'relookingforinthe"Target"field,selectwhereyouwantthesearchtostart,andclick"Search"withtheleftmousebuttontosearchforward,withtherightbuttontosearchbackwards,orwiththemiddlebuttontosearchfirstforwardthen11xob)p b)b) $&)n,/9259b;9?BG.o`-k"p )u]& poZWxXZW#ZWpiZWxZWplZWZW!#)+/6:=0?FoX0> "$ ,/0G 8<A3CGoW F  |%&'+/m25C:>BtDoUa-ehY# &(/2R4U8:=XCHCoS`V U%_(. 6 =?At OpL/ ] X$T'-0b6C7:=?@CEYGJ " )- 4U6;_>)DEbHH"$(X.[ 5\: B5E"GG9m y #),02379<\?AD E9" #!%(X,01 8:\ uB6v!xo?hp?hx?hp7?h5?hO "$'[)+s.15<68=m?&AD<;!$'x*-h3 <?nCFs;<N%`'g)++0I4;1<AEF9~5B!x%9&9p(9x)p9p*C9+9-m03d ;=ACEI57/m!$7xo5hp5hx5hp[5hx5hp5hu5ha#<2\="y$(')+0f23I8vu/ MApo,Z!3&* +.:38;x:^,;),p=o,x=,p>,?,BBEnHxo+p++ ;^#%~(, .k258:t &p#1"p$) *,0 !yr $),0*17w9=;?lC [$"$(+/l18N<:?kBE:%) 148;@6BDG  rh! '+..47DGG!%( /!169U<@;xCQD pFG6m" % /F28x;);p?^?CEI&9tuJ vo p Q #(-/O1 3y9B<@DG ?G"(+.X05G9;?EdH 5j% &),h/48:?3BTGw)e ITVm$backwards.Thesystemsearchesfromthecurrentselectionandupdatestheselectedviewerifthesearchsucceeds.(Finepoint:inbothsearchesandsubstitutes,thematchislimitedtoasinglenodewedonotyethavemechanismsfordoingmatchesacrossnodeboundaries.)Themultiplechoicesbelowthe"Replacement"fieldcontrolwhatismatchedinsearchesandreplacedinsubstitutes.Youcanselectordeselectanitembyclickingitwiththemouse.Whitetextonblackbackgroundmeansthattheitemisselected;blacktextonwhitemeansitisnotselected.Textifthisoptionisselected,matchcharactersoftargettextwhensearching.Looksifselected,matchlooksoftargettextwhensearching.Formatmatchformatoftargetnode.Stylematchstyleoftargetnode.Commentmatchcommentpropertyoftargetnode.Forexample,ifyoupicktheLooksoptionanddeselecttheTextoption,youcansearchforanytextthathasaparticularsetoflooks.IfyoupickonlyText,thematchingwillignorethelooksofthetarget.IfyoupickTextandLooks,thematchingtextmustmatchboththecharactersandthelooksofthetargettext.Theotheroptionsdealwithnodeproperties.IfyoupickFormat,thematchingwillbelimitedtonodeswiththesameformatasthetargetnode.Similarly,ifyoupickStyle,thematchingwillonlylookatnodeswhosestyleisthesameasthetargetnode's.Finally,ifyoupickComment,thematchwillconsideronlynodeswiththesamevalueoftheCommentproperty(TRUEorFALSE)asthetarget.Thefirsttworowsofboxesbelowthemultiplechoicesgiveyoucontroloverhowmatchingisperformed.ClickLEFTwiththecursoroveraboxtochangethechoicenexttoit.Thevariouschoicesareasfollows:1.CaseofmatchingtextMatchCasematchingtextmusthavesamecaseastargettext.IgnoreCasematchingtextdoesnothavetohavesamecaseastargettext.2.InterpretationoftargettextMatchLiterallydon'ttreattargettextasapattern.MatchasPatterndotreattargetaspattern.(Patternsaredescribedbelow.)3.ContextoftargettextMatchAnywhereignorecontextofmatchingtext.MatchWordsOnlymatchingtextmustnothaveadjacentlettersordigits.MatchEntireNodesOnlymatchingtextmustspanentirenode.4.MatchingtargetlooksSubsetasLooksTestlooksofmatchingtextmustincludetargetlooks.EqualasLooksTestlooksofmatchingtextmustbeidenticaltotargetlooks.SubstituteTodoasubstitution,enterthenewtextinthe"Replacement"field,enterthetexttobereplacedinthe"Target"field,andhit"Substitute"inthemenuatthetopoftheEditTool.TheText/Looks/Format/...optionsguidethesearchintheusualmannerandalsocontrolwhatisreplaced.IfyoupickTextandLooks,thematchingtextwillbereplacedjustasifyouhadselecteditwithpendingdeleteandmadeasourcesecondaryselectionofthereplacementtext.IfyoupickonlytheLooksoption,thematchingtextwillhavethetargetlooksremovedandthereplacementlooksadded.12pb) wX%I(+!/58b=?E I`JL"&O(+o03 :=hAC.GI^.:A "&E -0949h=u@ \JF!"@$ .k16r9;_ABH7ZC Q"N$(u*&/A1426;@DGQGs8!L$'R+.I4W7:>BD E=!~CS@"'% ,._149Q;ADOF<A?$_& (,0 7F8;>B}D@P K$(),L/14y8>'CfDG>]H!&)-03X6:ET<xI<<p<<x<\<pA<><L:&<E"+&=(.!258=W@vCI8 ]x88p88 68"I$(+,/1F58:=Dh(:!&e#%*%.06$e!%G',-*/3J59>tBDQ#e!%)X+=1;37[:>!-! 4#V&[(@+-36L9>Bu"%'+n-'3%59E;5@BtFUvo0 p !#N&$(*Z, 629=?[ACEiF5!$/ ,=.0469);=@TCHK+$'*g.0p26;>tAQFI1qzi#&K,M/1395;=>ADhI1lK!i%)&R*168l: B1 fi"'*0 25j8; >BH71 5 Sw)e TVm$IfyoupickonlyText,thereplacementtextwillhavethelooksofthereplacedtextaddedtoit.(Finepoint:ifthelooksofthereplacedtextarenotuniform,thelooksofthefirstcharacterwillbeusedthroughout.)IfyoupickFormat,thematchingnodewillgettheformatofthereplacementnode.Similarly,pickingStylecausesthematchingnodetogetthestyleofthereplacementnode,andpickingCommentcausesthematchingnodetogetthesamevalueoftheCommentpropertyasthereplacementnode.ThefinalthreeboxesintheSearch&Substitutesectiongiveyoufurthercontroloverthisoperation.1.FirstcharactercapitalizationofthereplacementtextFirstcaplikereplacedifthereplacedtextstartswithacapitalletter,forcethefirstletterofthereplacementtobeacapitaltoo.Don'tchangecapsleavethereplacementcapitalizationalone.2.WhatisdonetothematchingtextDoReplacedotheusualsubstituteorreplace.DoOperationsinsteadofdoingareplace,selectthematchingtextandthendotheoperationscurrentlyinthe"Operations"fieldoftheEditTool.3.WherethesubstitutionswilltakeplaceWithinSelectionOnlysubstituteislimitedtocurrentselection.AfterSelectionOnlysubstituteafterselectiontoendofdocument.InEntireDocumentsubstituteintheentireselecteddocument.Case-by-CaseSubstitutesInadditiontodoingglobalsubstitutes,youcandecideonacase-by-casebasiswhetherornottoreplacethematchingtextbythenewtext.Usethesearchcommandstofindthefirstmatchingtext.Thenifyouhit"Yes",thesystemwilldoa"Replace"followedbyasearchforward.Ifyouhit"No",itwillskipthe"Replace"andsimplydoanothersearch.Thustoselectivelysubstitute,startwithasearch,thendo"Yes"forthecasesyouwanttochangeand"No"fortheothers.The"Replace"commandsimplydoesforthecurrentselectionwhatasubstitutewoulddoforamatch.Finally,the"Count"commandisavailabletotellyouhowmanysubstitutionswouldtakeplacewithoutactuallychangingthedocument.Inordertodoasearchorsubstitute,youwilltypicallyneedtofillintheTargetorReplacementfieldsintheEditTool.Naturally,thischangestheselection,andbeforeyoucandotheoperation,youmustrestoretheselectiontotheplacewhereyouactuallywantittotakeplace.ThesystemhelpsyouwiththisbysavingtheprimaryselectionifitisnotintheEditToolwhenyouclickeithertheTargetortheReplacementbutton.ThecommandsalongthetopoftheEditToolSeach,Substitute,Yes,No,Replace,andCountrestorethesavedselectioniftheprimaryselectionisintheEditToolwhentheyareclicked.Theneteffectisthatifyoustartoutwiththeselectionintherightplace,youcanclicktheTargetorReplacementbuttons,fillintheneededinformation,andthendirectlyclickoneofthecommandswithoutneedingtoreselectsincethesystemwilldoitforyou.PatternsforSearchandSubstituteWhenyouspecifythatthetargetbematchedasapatternratherthanliterally,thefollowingsymbolsinthetargettextareinterpretedspecially.AshortsummaryofthesesymbolsappearsatthebottomoftheSearch&SubstitutesectionoftheEditTool.'Matchthenextcharacterinthepatternexactly.~Matchanycharacterexceptthenextoneinthepattern.#Matchanysinglecharacter.13p1b)gk "i *+,/2508:<BfEI@1`!'$&)y/1247M=1?CEH1^ 1\[2@ &f),L.y0568 @D 1Z u!&*f, .P0357 ?C_F1Y U%^(*,/Q268Q:A1FH1We Tl?j!b$ /47:?DHMS> QMI 2 (*G, 4iO\Z!'(*U,2748;<A'EH7M #%\' /~1-34G8K!$&*&, 4H <I/!P#)Gs "$'* 02E "$)y+L/F059< B%DG7DJ=! (K.(/25 :=?ADBY~ %(+}@h#'( /205P6; >w"& ' .)1d7 8;o=(<%' -/25;9 X 17?V" ),/3b5\6z >0AFHy15b!$\&y(, /25R9@BEH137 #%*G,12357&=CEF12IU"$d'*,395:}<AGp10 v ! $'>(m-0/2;6W8:>uA1DFF1.]#0&/,38;n=@YEI1-S !P#c%&+139'?A FH1+ #'*.m3y8>l@o),?  &`)+1H46S8{:)<@B o' $O&+.D 4.6;=@,B Dl o%)~"&#&:)-059:v<'?#CFso$6!"'$)/12x36~8?:=A!DGo"c-` &, .59< >@HBEI o  ;!*&).Q0j5$7;AC$Eo@(i!M%(9*0J3659;=?]B'EKGoK/l"D$'\*,12 :@/BACF%o h5r"}%(*`,38>A@EHoJ0vo}! pt!%'-/j059< BbD[ " * 0i15j;c=@EhJ).-/1444@"O(8),F1  %j),/)135 5 5#m w)e TVm$*Matchanysequenceofcharacters.@Matchanysinglealphanumericcharacter(letterordigit).&Matchanysequenceofalphanumericcharacters.~@Matchanysinglenon-alphanumericcharacter.~&Matchanysequenceofnon-alphanumericcharacters.%Matchanysingleblankcharacter.$Matchanysequenceofblankcharacters.~%Matchanysinglenon-blankcharacter.~$Matchanysequenceofnon-blankcharacters.|Matchstartorendofnode.{Markstartofresultingselection.}Markendofresultingselection.Markendofnamedsubpattern.Thenamedsubpatternsareofuseinsubstitutesthatreorderorduplicatepartsofthematchingtext.Thefullsyntaxforanamedsubpatternis.Thespecialcaseof"matchanysequenceofcharacters"isprovidedasadefaulti.e.,isequivalentto.Asfarasthematchingisconcerned,theoccurrenceofisthesameasifthesubpatternhadappearedwithoutaname,butithastheside-effectofrememberingthesubsectionitmatched.The"Replacement"fieldcancontain'scorrespondingtonamedsubpatternsinthetarget.Thereplacementtextisconstructedbyreplacingthe'swiththesectionofreplacedtextthatmatchedthesubpattern.Thereplacementisautomaticallyconsideredtobeapatternwheneverthetargetisyoudon'tneedtodoanythingspecialtogetthe'sinthereplacementinterpretedassubpatterns.Forexample,ifthetargetisTarget:WHILE[]DOandthereplacementisReplacement:WHILEISDOthen"WHILEblue[moon]DO"willbeconvertedto"WHILEmoonISblueDO".Looks,Formats,Styles,andPropertiesLooksTheLookscommandsletyoureadandmodifythelooksofthecaretortheselection.Thelooksareshownasaseriesoflettersinthe"Lookscharacters"field.Theboxletsyoupickwhetheryouwantthelooksfortheselectionorthelooksforthecaret.Getfillsthe"Lookscharacters"fieldwiththelettersforthecaret/selectionlooks.Setreadsthe"Lookscharacters"fieldandsetsthelooksofthecaret/selection.Clearremovesalllooksfromthecaret/selection.Addaddsthespecifiedlookstothecaret/selection.Subremovesthespecifiedlooksfromthecaret/selection.Formats14pb)b)%j'# __#m , 167]]%j'# / ZZ#m. WW%j'#2 UiUi#m'B RR%j'#* POPO#m* MM%j'#- K6K6!$l&%HHO_!& FFO &e CCO_!% AAO %F >v! p!#o%' .9157=@BD<:t %T ,-h:q=4ADuF;'pY "/#)l+,C025d:; BDM9  p '_) 02a>D?B EG1H7 y $%),-5/1 8+9 BD? 61 C $'*.4 =?-C 4 $'U( 042>8@:@CFR2)#h% -0 8S9 BM I@1;o $&'*w-1A24:m>@pBD/~  #%` -{L  1*zx*z*zpK*z*z x#*z$*zp' 1%a x%a %ap8%a%ax"%a#a%ap$j%a%%ax)%a)%ap"x""p""x 5"!"p!"#,"%'./x0}"1"p4"5"x8"9"p:"":"x=<">""p>"?"umYh vop !'#'6* .1g5#69z<>AW HTV\"2$(2),n1X 8<?BEG1"/$l&,q.50426o8T9D" )3,d/~1584:Cu" ),/2M48J:.Ifyoudon'thavesuchanentry,"Cedar"stylewillbeusedasthedefault.Getfillsthe"Stylename"field.Setreadsthe"Stylename"fieldandsetsthenode'sstyle.Clearremovesanystylespecificationfromthenode.LoadStyleDefinitionreadsthe"Stylename"fieldandreloadsthestyledefinitionfromthatfilewithextension"Style".(Don'tputtheextensioninthefieldjustputthestylenameandletthesystemaddtheextension.)Dothisoperationafteryouhaveedited(andsaved)thestyledefinitionandwanttoloadthenewversion.LoadAbbreviationsreadsthe"Stylename"fieldandreloadstheabbreviationdefinitionsfromthatfilewithextension"Abbreviations".Dothisafteryouhaveeditedtheabbreviationsandwanttoloadthenewversion.PropertiesAnodecanhaveanarbitrarysetof"properties".Eachpropertyconsistsofanameandavalue.Certainpropertiesareusedbythesystem,butyou(andyourprograms)arefreetoaddothers.The"Propertyname"fieldspecifiesthenameofaproperty.(Incidentally,casedistinctionsdomatterinpropertynames"foo"isadifferentpropertythan"Foo".)The"Propertyvalue"fieldspecifiesavalue.Theboxletsyoupickwhetheryouaretalkingaboutpropertiesoftherootnodeortheselectednodes.Getfillsthe"Propertyvalue"fieldwiththecurrentvalueofthenamedproperty.Setreadsthe"Propertyvalue"fieldandsetsthepropertyvalue.Removeremovesthenamedpropertyfromthenode.Listfillsthe"Propertyname"fieldwiththenamesofthenode'sproperties.Inadditiontosettingandreadingproperties,thereisamechanismthatletsyoufindnodeswithacertainpropertyvalue.Forexample,ifyouhaveannotatedadocumentwithcommentsunderthepropertyname"MyOpinion",andyouwanttofindnodesinwhichyourcommentincludedtheword"good",enterthenameinthe"Propertyname"fieldandthetextinthe"Valuepattern"field.Thenusethe"Find"commandtosearchforwardorbackwardsfromthecaretnodeforanodewithavalueofthepropertythatmatchesthepattern.(ClickwithLEFTtosearchforward,RIGHTtosearchbackwards.)Valuepatternscanusethestandardsetofspecialcharactersforsearches.Ifamatchisfound,thenodeisselectedandthepropertyvalueisdisplayed.CommentPropertyAllnodeshavea"Comment"propertywhichiseither"TRUE"or"FALSE".IfitsvalueisTRUE,thetextofthenodeisnotseenbyprogramssuchasthecompilerthatareonlyinterestedin15pb)!$~'*q/?16<8:=A|CQE`{2*"|$'*-02^T9D"'M\u#n'+-0g27Z8n %)n-02W489 @ FvoWpU4s<}  ),&/28;?)F%H7Sb!#<%(+ -l0[357="ADGQ9h"%'*. 2W4; <?oAC P>xM1 #{%|($)-08468;1=^?^ANEHbLI6 |"%y&'*'-0136 =D@]DEGK90Kn!$\&( *+-pI@T9D!g%GHu!&h),O.1P5EPF+!9$i ,M/2CX :"'%(5,a046;=A5 GA P&,g035<.=@mCEHm@ \!(#%(_,/2 9< >DH7>b)"Z&(,. 2y508:;=J?B@DBH9 &"&:'*-W0Evo6E p3>V$#&g(G 1J4:?ABFI2N4 "&0((*/T147:AsCFH70g-c!')b-./6i >A H,61 "&( ):.47=Y@8F* X"9$'*C-Q25i7hACGX ;"(),~/57=l@sF-!^ %|($*./268"ACFGE^ ~"'./494:AE+G7\#%( -068>WBxE7Fv7pI 7I7xSp V$ ,0x588:<BDFZ a I!#<')-0!35G:=s?EIA vokp /H#(,-1x2t 3- p5 6 8xx9( 9 p< =v >@'AExF G pJ  5A GJ!$' -/0s234:q=R?B I@w)e TVm$Athebasictextcontents.Thismakesitpossibletointermixdocumentationandprogramtextwithoutrequiringspecialescapecharacterstomarkthestartandendofcomments.YoucansettheCommentpropertybyusingtheEditToolorwiththefollowingcommands.CTRL-\setcommentpropertyofallselectednodestoTRUECTRL-SHIFT-\setcommentpropertyofallselectednodestoFALSEMiscellaneousSortandReverseThesecommandsletyousortorreverselistsofthings.The"Sort"commandsortsthingsinalphabeticalorder,ignoringcase."Sort-and-remove-duplicates"isusefulwhenyouaremergingsetsofthings.TheboxbelowtheSortbuttonletsyoupickwhetheryouwantincreasingordecreasingorderintheresult.Therightboxletsyoupickwhatwillbesorted:textdelimitedbyblanks,linesdelimitedbycarriagereturns,orbranchesofthedocumenttree.Leadingblanksareignoredwhensortinglinesorbranches.OperationsThesecommandsletyouconstructsimpleeditmacros.The"Operations"fieldholdsatextdescriptionofacommandsequence.The"GetLast"commandfillsintheOperationswiththedescriptionofthemostrecentsequence,i.e.,theoneaCancelwouldcanceloraRepeatwouldrepeat."Do"executesthedescriptionintheoperationsfield."Begin"marksthestartofacommandsequence."End"fillstheOperationswiththedescriptionofthecommandssincethemostrecent"Begin"."SetCom"storestheoperationsundertheCTRL-numberkeyforthenumberinthe"Command[0..9]"field.Conversely,"GetCom"fillsthe"Operations"fieldwiththecurrentCTRL-numberdefinition.Toseehowthisworks,selectthefollowingword:"hello".HitDELandtypein"howdy".Nowhitthe"GetLast"button.TheOperationsfieldshouldnowcontain:Delete"howdy".EdittheOperationsfieldcontentstoreplace"howdy"by"goodbye",thenhitthe"SetCom"button(firstput1intheCommandfieldifit'snotalreadythere).Nowselectthe"howdy"youtypedearlierandhitCTRL-1.Ifallwentwell,the"howdy"willhavebeendeletedand"goodbye"insertedinitsplace.Moreexamplesofeditmacroswillbegivenlater.SearchesandOperationsonFilesYoucanusetheEditTooltolookthroughalistoffilesforoneinwhichthecurrentsearchspecificationsaresatisfied.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyclickingthe"SearchEachFile"buttonafterfillinginthe"Files"fieldwiththefilenames(or"@"followedbythenameofafilethatholdsthelistoffilenames).WhenyouclickSearchEachFile,anewvieweriscreated,andone-by-onethefileswillbeloadedandsearcheduntilamatchisfound.Thelistoffileswillbeupdatedwhenamatchisfound,sothatwhenyouarefinishedwithonefileyoucanclickSearchEachFileagaintolookforthenextone.Youcanhitthe"Stop"buttonatthetopoftheEditTooltointerruptthesearch,butyoushouldnottrydoingotheroperationswhilethesearchisinprogresssinceitresetstheselectioneachtimeitloadsafile.Occasionallyyouwillwanttoapplycertainoperationstoanentiresetoffiles.Youcandothisbyfillinginthe"Operations"fieldandthe"Files"field,andthenclicking"DoForEachFile".Anewviewerwillbecreated,andone-by-onethefileswillbeloaded,selected,edited,andsaved.Noconfirmationisrequiredforthesaves,sotheentireprocesscangoonwithoutyou.Infact,youshouldnottrytodoanythingelsewhilethisisgoingonsincetheoperationsusetheprimaryselection.Theoneexeceptionisthe"Stop"buttonwhichyoucanhittoterminatetheprocess.OperationsviatheUserExecYoucaninvokeasetofoperationsfromtheUserExecaswellasdirectlyfromtheEditTool.16pb)P H#')S.06( ?BH7` $ +o-.03A6a9);=EDHc^L!S#N&)W,\/1e46<x\p\\Q6S"[')+04x6q\7*\ZpZxZp~ZZ, -&6+-/z48x:LZ;ZuW voTupRW #%d*+-.36;LAEI@P _Z!%e78=@CKEOY}m ;$`&).q1 36p EuHAy B#`),+.1+2P6;?/@BF?" )>+ - 4U8> B@DGI>*""$' -13V :Y<>TE+H<`E&*/, 37x:l<;6<p=}<=<CVFH:!:%4) 07u:<^ DG94/x9494p 9494 6+"$*.4~x6676p96:>6<@?@@Gw5 s*!$ +.3w6;@sG3f, /\"$s)./0 8D;g=?F}1e"y%&)%+0]5,8<<>DhG0(x'00p800!#&*U,25{8YA<CEJHC 0#!R"'9)+/2a4: =1?B[EG: ` ##Q%(+:.2469S>BD8FI5@ # '*U-1406h:Z> DH u#!"Z&%(.)1Z459i:k k !`#&+B 135q9S;f=@CFPHM #&)+04S7:K?n$?' .y04 68=CH7uv !g&)4+/s1637@BG!#v%+E.14u59;?TA Hy&(W !$> +,v.3d7;>ACD/vo Mp 5q= &*,y/3.479>{ADIGQw)e TVm$WhenyourunTiogaExecCommands,oneofthecommandsitregistersisDoTiogaOpswhichexpectsacommandlinecontainingoperationsinthesameformatasintheoperationsfield.OnepossibleapplicationofthisistocreateacommandfilethatinitializesvariousEditToolswitchestoyourfavoritesettings.Forexample,youcouldusethefollowingtosetupsomeofthesearchparameters:DoTiogaOpsIgnoreCaseMatchWordsMatchPattern.EditCommandsThissectionoftheEditToolcontainsbuttonsforallthebasiceditcommands.Theseareusefulifyoucan'trememberwhatkeystohitforaninfrequentcommandorifyou'vesetyourusercategorytobeginnerorintermediatetofilteroutcertaincommands.Manyofthebuttonscorrespondtocommandsthathavebeendocumentedabove.However,afewofthemareprimarilyofuseinconstructingeditmacrosandhavenotbeenmentionedbefore.Forcompleteness,allthebuttonswillbegivenabriefdescription.ModifyingselectionsCaretBeforemovecarettofrontofselectionCaretAftermovecarettoendofselectionCaretOnlyreduceselectiontoacaretGrowselectiongrowsinhierarchyofpoint,character,word,node,branchDocumentselectentiredocumentPendingDeletemakeprimaryselectionpendingdeleteNotPendingDeletemakeprimaryselectionnotpendingdeleteMakeSecondarymaketheprimaryselectionbecomethesecondaryselectionMakePrimarymakethesecondaryselectionbecometheprimaryselectionCancelSecondaryremovethesecondaryselectionCancelPrimaryremovetheprimaryselectionCopy,Move,andTranslateToPrimarycopy/movesecondarytoprimaryToSecondarycopy/moveprimarytosecondaryTransposetransposetheprimaryandthesecondaryMovingthecaretGoToNextCharmakeprimarycaretonlyandmoveonecharactertowardendofdocumentoronetowardstartifyouclickwithRIGHTinsteadofLEFTGoToNextWordlikeGoToNextChar,butmovetowardendby"words"oronetowardstartifyouclickwithRIGHTinsteadofLEFTGoToNextNodemovecaretonenodetowardendoronetowardstartifyouclickwithRIGHTinsteadofLEFTSavingandRestoringtheselectionSaveSel-AsaveprimaryselectiontorestorelaterRestoreSel-ArestoretheselectionpreviouslysavedbySaveSel-ASaveSel-BsaveprimaryselectiontorestorelaterRestoreSel-BrestoretheselectionpreviouslysavedbySaveSel-BExtendtheselectiontomatchingbrackets(...)extendprimaryselectiontomatchingparens<...>extendtomatchinganglebrackets{...}extendtomatchingcurlybrackets[...]extendtomatchingsquarebrackets17pb)q(Y+,/Y6S7=3> F`  ` '7 ./2N5:@ Gf^F p"A$&~(D,_-469 ?DG]33 $%(.c147X9?AvCEI5[/i  ' .4 6o voXjpV8`SD"v',.026]9 @DFT;Z"d%'B)j+- 4r:<>BDGRzZF ; (f*F-0z52=VA}ChEQB !$'+ 3#8c>@$BDHO , & )".'1247;DBrHCM u"%v'f+,D/ K' I3 "B%'M*,yG@ !q$&|)3*EL"')U*CY h$^& , -1 8;?Ae!]%I?r 7 #).4=~ "i&+S03n8;  $&,,169G?9 u#)%+169>F7!&|(/G5 A &%'n,2 0$+d-. D)&f+-K-d#w%+ -0$*;O(H !.%*.$1y4j8d;JAmFDI5&!E#(+,/2x6 &6&p:A&:&>x@&Af&p$ 3 # -038A:<BCFR#$ <#xx&#'g#p*#++#/{x14#1#p! R!Y%:(+/368;g@%CWDGkx/kkp ek k%x&k'kpKB o s%+O,1 N3#&+ 2a6,8'iN R%+.,1b -#%+ 2@6 8A%?pU#(*[0Y?%) (?%)i 5C(S%Q)w)eTVm$"..."extendtomatchingdoublequotes`...'extendtomatchingsinglequotes-...-extendtomatchingdashes...extendtomatchingplaceholderbracketsFindplaceholdersNext...moveprimaryselectiontonextplaceholderPrev...movetopreviousplaceholderDeleteandPasteDeletedeletetheprimaryselectionPasteinsertsavedtextatcaretSaveForPastesavetextforlaterpasting;overwritestextsavedbyDeleteRepeatandUndoRepeatrepeatthelastcommandsequenceUndoundothelastcommandsequenceDeletingcharacter/wordnexttocaretBackSpacedeletethecharactertotheleftofthecaretBackWorddeletethewordtotheleftofthecaretDeleteNextChardeletethecharactertotherightofthecaretDeleteNextWorddeletethewordtotherightofthecaretInsertingmatchingbracketsaroundtheselectionAdd()insertparensaroundtheselectionAdd<>insertanglebracketsAdd{}insertcurlybracketsAdd[]insertsquarebracketsAdd""insertdoublequotesAdd`'insertsinglequotesAdd--insertdashesAddinsertplaceholderbracketsCapitalizationAllCapsmaketheselectionuppercaseAllLowermaketheselectionlowercaseInitialCapsmakethewordsintheselectionstartwithcapsFirstCapmaketheselectionstartwithacapSpecialcharactersMakeOctalCharacterconvertthe3digitsbeforethecarettothecorrespondingcharacterMakeControlCharacterconvertthecharacterbeforethecarettoacontrolcharacterUnMakeOctalCharacterconvertthecharacterbeforethecaretto3digitrepresentingitscharactercodeUnMakeControlCharacterconvertthecontrolcharacterbeforethecarettoanormalcharacterTreestructurecommandsBreakbreaknodeatcaretJoinjoincaretnodetoonebeforeit18pb)?%*`6-=%;)&^DpU%}y\Rp\R$\Ry\Rp1\R A&? -Y, WyWpWyWpW %+-G0W UyUpxUyUpU "0' R6PX=K!&Nk6"$&QM oT"X%'M*s/ 6A8<>J5;HB"$*FPW #7)Cj #$A!$*+.02D4?!$')J+./27= .!% '-h/1v468; !%'+-0/2468!&)6i4#(W*5 #K3# 1&pW<#m/4$?-AeA&"+Oi4)\y)\py)\pE)\* '_& $3",'+" #(,w !#'),147 <"(A+Q.k/  !#T(*M+Z.3 5E8z:<7 E#+%),Y2B68?C ~ %' +.i3&9=s?CDDF1  '"# 5 #x%&',!w)eTVm$NestmoveselectiondeeperintreeUnNestmoveselectionhigherintreeMiscellaneouscommandsCommentNodesetCommentpropertyofallselectednodestoTRUENotCommentNodesetCommentpropertyofallselectednodestoFALSEExpandAbbreviationexpandtheabbreviationtotheleftofthecaretMesaFormattingaddMesalooks,formats,andstyletoselectionCommand0123456789dosavedcommandmacroWritingEditMacrosAfewexamplesshouldgetyoustartedwritingyourowneditmacros.First,assumeyoufindyourselfdoingalotofeditsoftheformbecomes[]forvariousvaluesofand.Youmightlikeasinglecommandtoinsertthebracketsandmovethecarettotheplacewhereyouwillinsertthe.Toconstructsuchacommand,firstselectaparticular,hittheAdd[]buttonintheEditTool,theCaretBeforebutton,andtheGoToNextCharbuttonusingtherightmousebutton.ThenhitGetLasttofilltheOperationsfield,enter"1"inthe"Command[0..9]"field,andhitSetComtosavethemacrodefinition.Nowyoucanselect,hitCTRL-1,andbereadytoinsertbeforetheleftbracket.AmacrotodeletematchingparentheseswillshowtheuseoftheSaveSelandRestoreSelcommands.Makeaselectionanywhereinsideapairofmatchingparens.Givethefollowingsequenceofcommands:(...)toextendtheselection,CaretAftertopositionthecaretattheright,SaveSel-Asowecanrestoretheselectionlater,BackSpacetodeletetherightparen,RestoreSel-Atogettheselectionback,CaretBeforetomovethecarettothefront,andfinallyDeleteNextChartodeletetheleftparen.NowyoucanhitGetLastandSetComtosavethismacro.OtheroperationsontheEditToolcanalsobeprogrammedusingeditmacros.Forexample,assumeyouwantamacrotosubstitute"which"for"that".Thefollowingsetofcommandswillloadthetargetandreplacementfieldsanddothesubstitute:clickRIGHTtoselectandclearthetargetfield,type"that"asthetargettext,clickRIGHTtoselectandclearthereplacementfield,type"which"asthereplacementtext,andfinallyhittheSubstitutebutton.Thismacrowillonlychangethetargetandreplacementfields.Theotherparametersofthesubstitutearenotchangedandthusbehavelike"freevariables"ofthemacro.Ifyouwanttobindmoreofthechoices,suchasMatchCaseorIgnoreCase,yousimplyincludethosecommandsaspartofthemacro.Forexample,youcouldselectIgnoreCasejustbeforerestoringtheselection,andthemacrowouldalwayssettheignorecaseflagwhenitwasexecuted.Notethatyoumusthitthe"Target"and"Replacement"buttonstoenterthetargetandreplacementtext.Directlyselectinginthosefieldswouldnotproduceacorrectmacrobecauseitwouldterminatetheeditsequenceandwouldalsofailtoidentifywhichfieldwasbeingfilledin.WhenyousaveaneditmacrounderaCTRL-numberkey,itonlystaysaroundfortherestofthesession.Ifyouwanttosaveonefortomorrow,youcanofcoursecopytheoperationstoafileandredefineitanothertime.Butifyoureallywanttomakeamacroapermanentpartofyouruserinterface,youcanaddittoyour"TIPtable"whichdescribesthetranslationfromkeyboardandmouseactionsintoexecutabletokenssuchasthoseineditmacros.Thedetailsofhowtodothisaregiveninalatersection.TheEditHistoryToolTheEditHistorytoolletsyouundoeditsinthesamewaythatUndodoes,butitletsyougobackfartherinhistorythanjustthemostrecentsequence.TocreateanEditHistorytool,type"EditHistory"totheExec.Atthetopofthetoolaretwofieldsandfourcommands.Thebottompartofthetoolisatextfieldtoholddescriptionsofpreviouseditevents.19pb)2#{()`4%a)+^]d [n  ").0i2Y7;}x=+[n=[npYy "$+c0249=x?xYy@1YypW!#(* 2469_;=wU I!/#'+0368sST !"$'%[&')+/{5voP~ypN@g!$)>-1B4P7<@kE>HL A_$"w$<&*.4`=@'DI5J]!K%e(2)~-459#w)-.139?BrD<M"#( *Y 0D 7 8=@%CpDGD;0FX!#)~,35 9 ;J>{B 9gn ') ,/2U3649<@ 7~` #}&4(*0289<?l5\  #,&)+- 6+9<BcE3t!_# )i.1:79@B>D 2 mo> &*-C/<1 80x;^2 <22 p?2 ?2 A)DG0f?/"$#&P*@-_x00f1~0fp40f5Z0f6:y=?@C .d! (, .35E7 >5CF-K!$Q ,0373 >>?B_ H+pIw#8%)h /139 :=K@B^EI5)'?h!U$&Y*.U15k:B=DFZI5(!8S #'t+=/35:?B1 H7&z,W!$Z(+.:13?5D?mFRI5'= W *"%'(,:/38'>+@ G`"% ,u0459;@>CF;B7!#$'t p+6 $')+/k2G59 <?@uBEG W O#&+425$9~;?!DbG 2!2#&'*.,/V258y;CIF% 5 Cm% U"%4 ,.46w)e OTVm$Thesystemkeepsahistoryofacertainnumberofthemostrecenteditevents.Youcanfindouthowlargethishistoryisbythe"Get"commandwhichwillenteranumberinthe"historysize"field.The"Set"commandwillchangethehistorysizetowhatevervalueyou'veenteredinthesizefield.Thedefaultsizeis20;youcanchangethisbymakinganentryinyourUser.Profileoftheform"EditHistory:".The"Show"commandwilldisplaytheeventsstartingwiththenumberinthe"sinceeventnumber"field.Ifthatfieldisemptyitwillshowasmanyasarestillremembered.Theformatoftheentriesis,TAB,andthenalistofoperations.The"Undo"commandundoestheeditssincethespecifiedeventnumber.PrintingandtheTypeSetterToolInthegloriousfuture,Tiogawillhaveaninteractivetypesetterthatwillletyoumakeincrementalrevisionstoatypesetdocumenttoadjustpagination,pagelayout,andotherdetailsbeforeactuallyprintingit.MichaelPlassandIhavestartedworkonthis,butuntilit'savailable,thecurrenttypesetterwilldoamorethanadequatejoboflettingyouprintyourfiles.ThefollowingdocumentationwaswrittenbyMichael;seehimwithquestionsorbugreports.TheTSettertoolprovidesaconvenientwayofdrivingtheTiogatypesetter.Startitupbytyping"RunTSetter"totheexecutive.Thetypesettericonwillcomeupshowingthenameoftheprintserveritis"connected"to;thisnamecanbespecifiedinyourprofileundertheheading"Hardcopy.PressPrinter".Whenyouopentheicon,youwillseethemenuStopPauseGetPrintAllNewplusafill-infieldlabeled"Document:".Thenormalwaytousethetypesetteristoselecttheviewerorfilename,andclick"Get"toaddthedocumentnametothequeue.Thenclick"Print"tostartthetypesetterup;ifallgoeswell,theonlyotherthingyouhavetodoiswalkovertotheprinterandpickupyouroutput.Youcanputseveralthingsinthequeuebeforestartingupthetypesetter,andgodosomethingelsewhileitisworkingaway.Thequeueisshownafterthe"Document:"buttonandisinfacteditable;itisagoodideatoclick"Pause"beforeediting,though,tokeepthetypesetterfromtakingthequeueoutfromunderyou.Clicking"All"insteadof"Print"funnelsthewholequeueintoonebigpressfile,whichavoidsalotofheaderpagesifyouwanttoprintmanysmallfiles.Hitting"Stop"willbringthetypesettertoagrindinghaltandwillalsoabortanytransmissiontoaprintserver.Destroyingatoolwillnotstopit;itwilljustfinishrunningandthengoaway.Ifyoutrytotypesetapressfile,itwilljustgetsenttotheserverwithoutmodification.Afteritissuccessfullytransmitted,itwillbedeletedifitsnameendsina"$".TomakeaTSettertoolthatsendsitsoutputtoadifferentplace,typetheservernamesomewhere,selectit,andclick"New".Iftheselectionislessthantwocharacterslong,theresultingtoolwillbecalled"TSetter",andwilljustwriteapressfilewithouttryingtosenditanywhere.ItisOKtorunmultipletypesettersatthesametime.Ifyouwanttoprintmultiplecopies,"Grow"thetoolandyouwilldiscovera"Copies"fieldtofillin.Thisnumberisresetto1aftereachfileistransmitted,tokeepyoufromwastingalotofpaperbyforgettingtoresetit.Whenyoumakethetoolbigger,youwillalsodiscoverabuttonlabeled"TemporaryPressFiles",followedbyaBoolean.IfthisisTRUE,thetypesetterwillcreatepressfileswithnamesthatendin"$",sothattheywillbedeletedaftertheyaresuccessfullytransmitted.ClickingthebuttontogglestheBoolean.20pb)|_4 "1&+-0037:?BE~Hy`,h"'&c,137m8=?B7G^!&A(-'/1v7M:?QD@EHC]3=& #R%*-Z/g4b6c:;? FH[u  XJ#%* .14E9c;=UAjEW@r2T %"&='+-9/~2 ;K>BD-F~UhxUUp+UU"#%' .16=NADGG|Sn*t O; !pL[7 &"&6(5 . 5C8 :<?Cn Jjh!#' .2(69{=$A~EH!?"+#h&+/F147e:=I CF%G dE"(+-285=8<}ADEt u  &(+.469vB_ &)+Q026{ =AB~DFA(G "% +/15{7=?CNEG?N( {!$!(O+I-359>xBE=!"9$(c*.035841;4b!$v8  &).]1"25 7l =>@D=F6>WM q"!$';-1j35z:}>AZF/G5A} i #X%(,0D3 6a8:5;?B/CF\30 ^"&+ 024j :=?AH8/Na $&1*t-/ 8<?@BE=-hO#(4-N2~4Q7:K @D<H+,|$(-F.38:>CEH*XM[!&)+F-1Z36p:;='s" 4 &y(+)Y.14c79=@, HI& v#g > +!%"$K&)-m25\8:r T8"c#&r)+i.S02n6; DH&I y f!#')7+.2 34w8#a%?)+e,2:6)9;;?Co jb #g)*-C0{39 9=<?EdHC( M"&'I*-42A6E7;3<CEFI@ | $YJY >$*,u/C147b<=CGH5:}( Y#&)%* 2!379=1B#CIEWG  UJ61"%v(2+016=; BF A !/x" A#S Ap% A& A) /C159n<\?wCFI@ <*!%5(C* 1 :?AFR nw)e TVm$Todrivethetypesetterfromaprogram(ortheexecutive),thereisaninterfacecalled"TSViewer"thatletsyoucreateatoolandsimulateclicksonitsbuttons.TIPTablesforTiogaTheacronym"TIP"standsfor"terminalinterfacepackage".TIPtablesdescribethetranslationfromkeyboardandmouseactionsintoexecutabletokens.ThestandardTIPtableforTiogaisfoundinthefile"Tioga.TIP"andcontainsallthegorydetailsaboutthingssuchasmulti-clicksofmousebuttonswithvariouscombinationsofshiftkeys.It'sunlikelythatyouwanttotrychanginganythinginTioga.TIP,butyoucanconsideraddingcommandstoyourownTIPtableforthingssuchasyourfavoritesetofeditmacros.YourTIPtablecanbe"layered"ontopoftheTiogatablesothatthesystemwilltrytointerpretactionsaccordingtoyourtablebeforelookingatthestandardone.TheUser.Profilecontainsanentrynamed"TiogaTIP"inwhichyoucanenterthefilenameofyourTIPtabletobelayeredoverthestandardTiogatable.TheentryshouldlooklikesomethinglikethisTiogaTIP:MyOwn.tipDefaultwhere"MyOwn.tip"isthefilenameforyourtable.Noticethatyourtablegoesfirstinthelist;definitionsintablesoccurringearlyinthelisttakeprecedenceoverthosethatappearlater.Thespecialname"Default"referstoTioga'sdefaultTIPtableandwilltypicallybethelastentryinthelist.Thefile"MyOwn.tip"containsasampletablethatyoucanedittoproduceyourown.ItalsocontainsdocumentationaboutthesyntaxofTIPtablesandthemacropackagewhichisusedwiththem.UsetheExeccommandTiogaReadProfiletoreloadaTIPtableafteryou'vechangedit,or,ifyourusercategoryisadvanced,hitCTRL-!toreloadtheTiogaprofileinformation.StylesAstyleisacollectionofinterpretationsforlooksandformats.TheinterpretationsarerepresentedasprogramswritteninasimplelanguagebuiltontopoftheJaMinterpreter.Ifadocumentdoesn'tspecifyastyle,thesystemwilluseadefaultstyle.YoucansaywhatthedefaultwillbebyaddingauserprofileentryoftheformDefaultStyle:.....moretocome....ScreenRules,PrintRules,andStyleRules.AttachedstylesThecurrentsetofformattingparametersare...TiogaUserExecCommandsNote:IfthefollowingcommandsarenotknowntotheUserExecutive,type"RunTiogaExecCommands".ReadTiogaTipTablesCausesTiogatoreaditsTIPtablesagain.Ifyourusercategoryisadvanced,youcanalsoinvokethisoperationbyselectinginanyTiogadocumentandhittingCTRL-!.WritePlainMakeTiogafilesunformattedbyeliminatingeverythingexcepttheplaintext.Insertsleadingtabsbeforeeachnodeaccordingtoitsnestinginthetreeandterminateseachnodewithacarriage21pb!AB  !8&)+ 2n67|9x?*C- `y]@  &=),-t \^%ypY${!(0-58<AD* WoaU>"% ,;1I4 9Ry p#z'.0z369U<>BFGPAb"%)0+-358y:8<@CEHO*0V#@)~+*.c16;<>DHM  y$ ,o.247Q:=,?CGDH-Kv%b$(-!/38 ;"=DqGoIaXF@   !%f'+/46:Q=ACEH7E>  $&F(+.* 5l8w@CRFHA?u " #x(N+.147q9N>B@F|H"=  #Q')k,:0525h9>CDG<&9E ()-/$15Y8=BxD,FMG8Yx v8!A8p#8$8$&*-E1%5 t 3p0Hw q&(,/=5$8A+C .0Z!'*,/H13a6{ ,~Z!"[&(~-/2q38~<?BEH*bSN "&s*+.1 9=(\u`o%  ! o#fMo G. ! (+t pjx+!q#M%D(*;,! 36!9*u@pos!/%)+ .A1568>vA'CFto:6!~$'.l1#x56Tp89u po ? !# * 1|58 ;w>CHH o 5'!"$)+u-03 :k=AGD}Ew)e TVm$ return.ReadIndentBuildTiogafileswithonenodeperlineofsourcewithindentingbasedonwhitespaceatthestartoflines.TiogaMesaConvertMesafilestoTiogaformatbycombiningaReadIndentwithaCTRL-Movertheentirefile.TiogaUserProfileEntriesUsercategoryAsdescribedabove,thisentryletsyoucontrolyourusercategory.ThealternativesareBeginner,Intermediate,andAdvanced.TheentryisoftheformUserCategory:IntermediateTIPTableThisentryspecifiestheTIPtablestousewithTiogadocuments.TheentryisoftheformTiogaTIP:MyOwnTip.tipDefaultSeethesectiononTIPtablesformoreinformation.DefaultStyleThisentryspecifiesthedefaultstyletobeusedwithdocumentsthatdonotexplicitlynameastyle.TheentryisoftheformDefaultStyle:CedarDefaultsubmenusThisentryspecifieswhichmenus,ifany,shouldautomaticallybedisplayedwhenyoucreateanewTiogaviewerbyclickingoneofthebuttonsintheupperrightcornerorbygivinganExeccommand.TheentryisoftheformDefaultTiogaMenus:placeslevelsorDefaultTiogaMenus:noneYoumaydeleteorreorderthemenunamestosuityourtastes.DefaultfileextensionsThisdetermineswhatextensionsTiogashouldlookforinopeningfiles.TheentryisoftheformSourceFileExtensions:mesatiogadfcmconfigstyleYoumayalsohaveanentryforimplementationextensionstobeusedwiththe"loadimpl"commands.ImplFileExtensions:cedarmesaScrolltopoffset22pobSu_ po\ULIS S#&u)H+/29 =?*CFHoZ8uWhpoT_!W%'.0$ 7:x<;T=TpA;TATDlFoSt NpjuK_poHz"$'F+/(28d;6 BmDoGR !$(X)+}-D  uApo> $&R(+/ 7:g=?gA C<^g o9e!#' u6po3a}#G&(j*|-18*;=C? EIo2>{SS k/ 9u,}po)X $&s).# 68>BEIo(fO!$&V(-/u159D=?iAmEGo&v ="#!!o~S 2"&r*,d/2AuE` po  #u'O+.127;>BC|E.G" %s'8)-oh"U$ . 579=+@zCGo tY!u .w)eTVm$>WhenyoudoaFindcommandyoumaywanttoseeafewlinesinfrontofthematchtogiveyoumorecontext.ThisparametertellsTiogahowmanyextralinestowantinsuchsituations.TheentryisoftheformScrollTopOffset:1ScrollbottomoffsetWhenyouaretypingandthecaretgoestoanewlinejustoffthebottomoftheviewer,Tiogawillautomaticallyscrolltheviewerupalittletomakethecaretvisibleagain.Thisparametercontrolshowfaruptoscroll;abignumbercauseslargerbutlessfrequentglitches.ScrollBottomOffset:3SelectionCaretThedefaultbehaviourforTiogaistoplacethecaretattheendnearerthecursorwhentheselectionismade.Somepeoplehaverequestedtohavethecaretalwaysplacedatoneendortheother,hencethisprofileentry.Thechoicesarebefore,after,andbalance.TheentryisoftheformSelectionCaret:beforeSelectionDisplacementThisletsyouspecifyaverticaldisplacementformakingselections.Tiogabehavesasifyouhadpointedthisnumberofpointshigherupthescreensothatyoucanpointatthingsfromslightlybelowthem.TheentryisoftheformYSelectFudge:223pob)i5#&x)-.102o5%8u:9=?BF=Ho`;%(x,m/3e6:;;?oA2Dx o^GG_\R>uXpoVc"[%(*+.14p69'>?B?GoTw: !%'),c.1248+-2<58>AECFHoEBmu?6 poBF&o9|M!r#6  w)eTVm$CommandSummaryThisisashortsummaryoftheTiogacommandsavailableusingthekeyboardandmouse.OthercommandsareavailablethroughtheEditTool,theEditHistoryTool,andvariousUserExecoperations.Theextrakeysonthekeyboardareusedforcommoneditingactions.RecallthatthebottomrightblankkeycanbeusedasanotherCTRLkey,andyoucanuseeitherCTRLkeyandeitherSHIFTkeyinterchangeably.ESCRepeatlastactionSHIFT-ESCUndolastactionESC-selectAutomaticrepeatoflastactionwhenfinishselectionDELDeleteLFLoadfilein"NoName"viewerCTRL-LFLoadImplfilein"NoName"viewerBSBackspacecharacterSHIFT-BSDeletenextcharacterCTRL-BSBackspacewordCTRL-SHIFT-BSDeletenextwordNEXTFindnextplaceholder(middleblankkey)SHIFT-NEXTFindpreviousplaceholderRETURNInsertcarriagereturnwithleadingspacescopiedfrompreviouslineSHIFT-RETURNInsertcarriagereturnCTRL-RETURNBreaknodeMousebuttonclicksareusedformakingselections.CLICKSLEFTMIDDLERIGHTSINGLESelectletterSelectwordExtendselectionatcurrentlevelDOUBLESelectnodeSelectbranchReduceselectionlevelandextendTRIPLEIncreaseselectionlevelandextendSelectionsareusedfordelete,copy,andmove.CTRL-selectDeletewhenfinishselectionSHIFT-selectCopytoprimaryCTRL-SHIFT-selectMovetoprimaryLOOKcommandsareusedforeditinglooks.(TheLOOKshiftisthetopblankkey.)LOOK-charAddlooktoselectionLOOK-SHIFT-charRemovefromselectionLOOK-spaceRemoveallfromselectionExceptforCTRL-A,CTRL-H,andCTRL-W,thefollowingcommandsarenotenabledforbeginningusers.WeprovidebothCTRL-AandCTRL-Hasaconveniencetouserswithstronghabitsfromprevioussystems.A"*"indicatesacommandenabledforadvancedusersonly.CTRL-ABackspacecharacterCTRL-SHIFT-ADeletenextcharacterCTRL-BInsertmatchingplaceholderbracketsCTRL-CLowercaseCTRL-SHIFT-CUppercaseCTRL-CLICK-CInitialcapsCTRL-SHIFT-CLICK-CFirstcapCTRL-DSelectdocumentCTRL-EExpandabbreviation24t anp^;`!%,26F8>AF\5#A%))-/28;>CG[Q XJ\Z!#'3)h/39=@BGW.v(x"W.#W.p&WW.'W.)C+.163x7W.8_W.p; W.;W.=@VxDAW.DW.pH W.HW.UxoS pS #&#xoQcpQcxJQcpQc"%\xoOpOxOO%)+.2)59xoNpNxoLkpLk"$&).yxoJpJxJpJ"%(I)- 1xoIpI%xoGtpGtxJGtpGt#V&exoEpExEpE%xoD%pD%xD%p[D%xD%pD%#V&exoB}pB}"L%\ ,15xo@p@xJ@p@"L' xo?-p?-"(,6/Q4$8^<@6Exo= p="(xo; p;"9b V"'| xo6Z6)F6616o5>pZ5> ])F5>-I615>:@B-Fxo3pZ3 ])F3-I613;@CFrxo1p611<CH7o0H- { G $W'xo+Pp+P+P+P#V' *xo)p)J))"$Sxo(p(x(p[((("$x%p%l% F % )x,%-%p0%12%3547: =xo# p# A# # " %$&xo!ap!axA!ap!a!a!a$]'xopA$]&M)=x==p/=x=FpW=x=p= &=x"X=##=p%i=x%=p&='=*x07:#<BDbox p!x!p"#x%&p(x)]p*+t,- 57;o>C GByxpz"#*R/~17;Nxospsxsps%xopxp[xp#V&exo#p#x#p#"( 0Dxo{p{x{p{#>xopxp[xp#Kxo,p,x,p,x,p,"xo p x p[ x pt x p "6xo p x p "xo 5p 5x 5p 5$ w)eTVm$CTRL-F-selectCopyformattoprimary*CTRL-HBackspacecharacterCTRL-SHIFT-HDeletenextcharacterCTRL-IIndent(doesBreakandNest)*CTRL-SHIFT-IUnindent(doesBreakandUnNest)*CTRL-JJoinnodes*CTRL-KMakecontrolcharacterCTRL-SHIFT-KUnmakecontrolcharacterCTRL-MAutomaticMESAformattingCTRL-NNest*CTRL-SHIFT-NUnNest*CTRL-OMakeoctalcharacterCTRL-SHIFT-OUnmakeoctalcharacterCTRL-PPasteCTRL-Q-selectCopylookstoprimaryCTRL-S-selectCopyprimarytoselecteddestinationCTRL-TTimeCTRL-VSelectvisible(expandtoselectiontoblanks)CTRL-WBackspacewordCTRL-SHIFT-WDeletenextwordCTRL-X-selectSelectfortransposewithprimaryCTRL-Z-selectMoveprimarytoselecteddestinationCTRL-]Selectmatching[..]'s(samefor},),and>)CTRL-[Addmatching[..]'s(samefor",',-,{,(,and<)CTRL-!HaveTiogareaditsTIPtablesagain*CTRL-_Setformattowordbeforecaret*CTRL-SHIFT-_Insertformatname*CTRL-\SetcommentpropertyTRUE*CTRL-SHIFT-\SetcommentpropertyFALSE*25xob)pb)xb)pb),b)b)"' (x.b)o`p`x`p`%xo^p^x^p[^x^p^#V&exo]3p]3x]3p]3#a' +-x1q]3o[p[x[p[[x[p[%%(,/|x5[oYpYxYpY!x%YoX=pX=xX=pX="'xoVpVxVp[VxVpV$)<xoTpTxTpTx%T&Tp)PT)TxoSGpSGxSGpSGx"/SGoQpQxQp[QxQpQx$QoOpOxOpO"&"xoNQpNQxNQp[NQxNQpNQ$'xoLpLxLpLxoKpKxKpKOKK"&B'xoI[pI[xI[pI[I[I["'). xoGpGxGpGxoF pF xF pF "'B,.=35xoDepDexDepDe%xoBpBxBp[BxBpB#V&exoApAxApAGAA"%0+D._xo?op?ox?op?o,?o?o"(). xo=p=x=p="(,K0B24 5b8xo< p< x< p< " ( +c/Y13$4X57;8;Hxo:yp:y:y:y"&o)+d.&2x5:yo8p8x8p8y \8!O8%'y+/Qx28o7*p7*x7*p[7*x7*p7*"'Wx+7*o5p5x5p5!O'Xx,5-50o3p3x3p[3x3p3!O'Xx,3-30w)eqTVm$/ LAUREL TIMESROMAN HELVETICA TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN TIMESROMANY TIMESROMANLOGO TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN   $%, 6 c@ *L qV _ i Fs u~m D V 0 v gT[ j/bTiogaDoc.Tioga12-Oct-82 11:58:42