Glossary.Tioga
Last edited by Rick Beach, May 3, 1985 7:53:44 pm PDT
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Glossary terms are emphasized in an italic sans-serif typeface wherever they appear in the thesis. Readers viewing the glossary through the Tioga editor interface can use the Tioga Def button to search for the definition of a selected glossary term. Select the term and middle-click Def to cause the glossary viewer to scroll to the definition of that term. For instance, select reference mark and middle-click Def to scroll immediately to its definition ``reference mark: symbol that connects the reference information with its application in the table. for words, may use numbers, for numeric entries, use symbols [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 287].''
acquisitions editor: the person within a publishing organization who aquires manuscripts to be considered for publication.
align on character: examples: decimal points, commas, dollar signs, percent signs, plus sign, minus sign, [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 284]
artwork: mechanical artwork, illustration artwork, generally the manifestation of an illustration for a document.
asterisk: the symbol *, used as a reference mark.
author: the person who creates a manuscript.
author's alterations: modifications to a document requested by an author after composing the manuscript; publishers commonly budget for 10% of the cost for author's alterations, however each change is very expensive.
back matter: the parts of a publication that follow the main content; usually includes indices, glossaries, references, bibliographies, colophons; see front matter.
baseline: the line on which a string of characters sits.
bearoff: the whitespace between a table entry and the nearest typographic rule or neighboring table entry.
blue lines: lines drawn in a light blue color (pen or ink) on camera-ready copy that are invisible to the photographic process when preparing printing plates; useful for outlining the grid lines of a page design to make aligning material easier.
body: of a table, vertical columns to the right of the stub and below the boxheads.
book editor: the person who marks corrections within a manuscript to conform to a set of guidelines.
boxes: as in `boxes-and-glue model' [Knuth, The TEXbook], the collection of rectangular areas that have a width, depth, and height; as in table entry boxes, the abstraction of a table cell as a rectangular area.
boxhead: the part of a table above the columns that usually contains the column headings; named for the use of typographic rules to completely enclose the headings with both horizontal and vertical rules.
boxheading: a synonym for boxhead, or one of the column headings within the boxhead.
brace: one of the pair of symbols {}, shows relationship of groups [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 285].
breaking: the action of separating joined parts of a word (by hyphenation), or of a line (by a line-breaking algorithm), or of a page (by a pagination algorithm).
broadside table: a table with its columns designed to run parallel to the short dimension of the page; see vertical table [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 273]
brought forward: a table entry at the beginning of a column of data copied from some preceding part of the table; see carried forward.
buck tooth: a word at the end of a line that dangles out over the line below it [van Leunen, Handbook, p 289].
bullet: the symbol ·, used to mark the beginning of an item in a list; an open bullet has a dark ring around a light center, while a closed bullet is entirely dark.
camera-ready copy: the final form of a document prior to producing printing plates; frequently required to reduce production costs since the author must bear all the expense up to this stage.
carried forward: a table entry at the end of a column of data that is copied to some following part of a table; see brought forward.
cell: intersection of a row and column or boxhead and stub [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 283].
centered: the positioning of an object to be equidistant between two points; common points are the left and right margins of a page, the left and right grid lines in a table column, or the top and bottom grid lines in a table row.
class: class mechanism, objects, inheritance . . . mumble, mumble, mumble
column headings: the identifying label that appears at the top of a column.
column: a collection of table entries arranged in a vertical stack.
composition: 1) literary composition, 2) document composition, 3) table composition. to make a whole out of parts.
compositor: the person who produces typeset material.
constraint satisfaction: mumble, mumble, mumble
constraint: mumble, mumble, mumble
constraint solver: mumble, mumble, mumble
continued: line of text indicating that tabular material continues from a previous part of the table [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 281].
copy editor: the person who marks corrections within a manuscript to conform to a set of guidelines; common guidelines include grammar rules, language usage, numbering schemes, and cross references.
copy: the textual material of a manuscript or document.
copy fit: the process of adjusting the formatting parameters to force copy to fill a particular area completely.
craftsman: a person who has developed considerable skill through practice and talent.
cross relationships table: items in the stub are identical to items in the boxhead [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 290].
CRT: cathode ray tube, the means of converting electronic signals to light by striking phosphor with an electron beam; used in computer displays.
cut-in head: a head that cuts acros the body of a table and applies to the tabular material lying below [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 278, ex. p 279]
dagger: the symbol ¸, used as a reference mark.
decimal point: the symbol ., used to separate the whole and fractional parts of a number.
decked heads: two or more levels of boxheads [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 278, ex. p 279].
difficult copy: the kind of material in a manuscript or document that requires special or expensive handling; usually mathematical notation, tabular material, and foreign language material (including computer programming languages); also penalty copy.
digital typesetter: a device for producing type by digital means, usually with a CRT or laser.
ditto marks: the symbol " (as distinguished from the double quotation mark symbol '') used within a table to indicate a repeated entry.
docket: an enclosing folder or envelope that contains all the parts of a publication during the production process; often the outside is used to record production steps, times, and expenses;see job docket.
document: a collection of information presented in a form to be read and understood by humans; traditionally documents are produced on paper, but the concept extends to an electronic form of presentation on a display screen.
document compilers: a computer program that formats a document from a specification of the content and a separate collection of formatting parameters.
document models: a collection of abstract representations of the organization of the content within a document; common models include a stream of text with interspersed formatting directives, and a hierarchical organization into sections of text.
document structure: the organization of the content within a document; typically a document has both a logical structure (the interrelationship of the content) and a physical structure (the organization of a document into pages or screens).
document style: a manner of formatting a document, perhaps guided by rules for headings, paragraphs, figures, captions, etc.
double dagger: the symbol ¹, used as a reference mark.
double rule: two typographic rules, perhaps of different thicknesses, separated by a small amount of whitespace.
doubled up: two halves of a table running side by side, with boxheads repeated over the second half [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 280].
dummy: a preliminary sample of a finished document, often produced to visualize the design of the document; may be only a crude approximation drawn by hand, or more elaborate.
drop folio: a page number or folio placed at the bottom of the page, typically for the opening page of a chapter or for a broadside table.
editor: 1) acquisitions editor, 2) copy editor, 3) journal editor, 4) production editor, 5) book editor, 6) text editor.
elite: a typewriter spacing system with 12 characters per inch; see pica.
em space: the distance equal to the point size of type, named for the letter `M' which was often designed to be a square of that size.
en space: the distance equal to one-half an em space.
flush bottom: positioning so that the bottom of the item is at the extreme limit of vertical movement.
flush left: positioning so that the left of the item is at the extreme limit of horizontal movement.
flush right: positioning so that the right of the item is at the extreme limit of horizontal movement.
flush top: positioning so that the top of the item is at the extreme limit of vertical movement.
foldout insert: a table so wide that it must be printed separately on a large sheet of paper and bound into the book [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 274].
folio: a number identifying the page; the page number; see drop folio, running heads, running feet.
footnote: a portion of the document that should be read out of sequence to provide additional details; commonly used for scholarly references or explanations; may appear within tables to explain exceptional circumstances.
format codes: in TTS typesetting, similar to computer programming macros but named by numbers; typically there are a finite number of them and each one has a fixed length.
foundry type: the cast metal type that are composed by hand into pages.
front matter: the parts of a publication that precede the main content; may include a half-title page, title page, imprint page, table of contents, table of figures, abstract, foreward, and dedication; see back matter.
furniture: the various odd-sized metal slugs used to fill voids in a page composed by hand from foundry type.
galley: the typeset form of part of a document, without any concern for the breaks between pages; typically a galley is about 14 inches long, although modern composition systems may produce galleys of unlimited length.
galleys: the collection of typeset forms for a complete document.
genealogical table: the ancestry of a human being, or the pedigree of an animal [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 290].
gloss: a brief explanatory note or translation of a difficult or technical expression usually inserted in the margin or between lines of a manuscript or text [—, Dictionary].
graphic artist: the person who creates illustrations and artwork for a document.
graphic arts: the collection of skills and crafts in producing printed documents.
graphic design: the profession of creating designs for printed or visual material in the graphic arts.
graphic designer: a person who creates graphic designs.
graphical style: the application of document style techniques to the production of illustrations.
grid system: mumble, mumble, mumble
grid: mumble, mumble, mumble
gutter: the whitespace between two columns of a table or a page.
hairline rule: a thin typographic rule, often 1/10 of a point thick.
halftone: a technique for reproducing images with varying densities by creating dots with a single density but varied size; an image produced through this technique.
horizontal alignment: see horizontally aligned.
horizontally aligned: the arrangement of two or more objects side-by-side along a common horizontal line; see vertically aligned.
hot metal typesetting: the process of mechanically producing slugs of type by casting molten metal (usually a lead alloy) into molds for each letterform; the slugs are assembled by hand into pages; after printing, the slugs could be melted and the metal reused.
house style: the appearance of books produced by a particular publishing house or company.
hyphenation: the separation of parts of a word into syl-la-bles by introducing hyphens.
illustrator: 1) a person who creates illustrations, 2) an interactive computer program that aids in creating illustrations.
imposition: the arrangement of several pages printed at once to reduce printing expenses and time; care is required to orient the pages so that after a signature is folded the pages are in the proper order and position.
imprint page: a page in the front matter that describes the publication; typically includes a copyright notice, address of the publisher, bibliographic information, and production information or credits.
indexer: person or computer program that produces the index entries
italic: a slanted typeface.
jacket: the cover of a book or document.
job docket: the record of the production history of a document; see docket.
journal editor: the person who manages the contributions of manuscripts to a periodical.
justification: the process of making a line of text fill the measure.
keyboarder: the person who enters the typesetting codes for a manuscript.
landscape: the orientation with the short dimension vertical and long dimension horizontal; see portrait.
leaders: row of spaced periods [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 282] that ``lead the eye.''
leading zeros: the zero digits that precede a numeric value, for example, 03 or 000177.
letterspace: the space between letters in a word; the process of adjusting the space between letters to justify a line of type.
line-breaking algorithm: an algorithm that separates a long line of text into shorter lines equal to the measure; may involve hyphenation to separate long words, and either local or global considerations within a paragraph.
ligatures: the special design of symbol formed by the joining of two letters that often appear to touch, for example, the common ligatures for the letter `f' are , , , , .
lower-rail: a TTS code for selecting an additional set of symbols in the typesetting device; see upper-rail.
macro packages: a collection of computer program macros that define operations for formatting documents.
manuscript: the written form of a document prior to publication, often in hand-written or typewritten form.
master images: an image from which reproductions are made.
mathematical composition: the preparing of two-dimensional notation that contains mathematical symbols; typically considered difficult copy.
measure: the length of a line of type.
mechanicals: the production-quality artwork for an illustration.
monospaced fonts: all characters are of equal width in a typeface.
moveable type: the technique of printing by assembling the letters on a page from a collection of type; as opposed to hand-written originals or hand-carved plates.
note: remark that applies to the tabular material [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 287].
number sign: the symbol #, used as a reference mark.
page breaks: the separation of a document into pages.
page dummies: sample pages that represent the finished document; see dummy.
page layout: the procedure of arranging all the components on a page.
page repros: abbreviation of reproduction pages.
pagination: the process of performing page layout.
Painter's algorithm: mumble, mumble, mumble
paragraph mark: the symbol º, used as a reference mark.
parallels: the symbol %, used as a reference mark.
peculiars: characters which are additional to the normal font [Phillips, Handbook, p 188]; see sorts.
penalty copy: see difficult copy.
pi character: a symbol from a jumbled collection; often but not necessarily associated with a particular typeface.
pi font: a collection of pi characters, usually designed to accompany a particular typeface.
pi sorts: a jumbled collection of pi characters.
pica: a typesetting measurement equal to 12 points; a typewriter spacing system with 10 characters per inch; see elite.
PMT: abbreviation for photomechanical transfer.
photomechanical transfer: a photographic process for preparing printing plates that uses a large-format camera.
point: a typesetting measurement equal to 0.013837 inch, approximately 1/72 of an inch; common unit for type size.
portrait: the orientation with the long dimension vertical and short dimension horizontal; see landscape.
printing plates: the metal, plastic, or paper sheet from which impressions are taken; see signature, imposition.
production editor: the person responsible for overseeing all the stages of producing a document.
publisher: the organization responsible for producing and disseminating a document.
publishing house: a reference to a publisher's establishment, no longer called houses.
quadded: the process of inserting space to justify a line of text.
reference mark: symbol that connects the reference information with its application in the table; for words, may use numbers, for numeric entries, use symbols [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 287].
recto: the right-hand page of two facing pages; see verso.
reproduction pages: the form of finished pages of a document ready for printing; see camera-ready copy, also page repros.
row: mumble, mumble, mumble
rule: mumble, mumble, mumble
rules: see typographic rules, expert rules mumble, mumble, mumble
running feet: the identifying material at the bottom of each page in a chapter or section; may include the page number or folio.
running heads: the identifying material at the top of each page in a chapter or section; usually includes the page number or folio.
runover: another name for a turnover [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 281].
sample pages: pages produced to review the design of a document, the formatting specifications, or the capabilities of a formatting system; see dummy.
sans-serif: a letterform design without a serif; see serif.
scabbard: white space, half a line high, that surrounds a vertically centered heading with an even number of lines; like a knife sheath; to be avoided since the heading lines of adjacent columns will be on different baselines [—, GPO, p 189]
section mark: the symbol ¶, used as a reference mark.
serif: the short line or widening at the end of strokes in a letterform design; see sans-serif.
set width: mumble, mumble, mumble
shift-codes: TTS codes for shifting between upper- and lower-case character codes.
signature: the impression from one printing plate that contains several pages; see imposition.
single rule: a single typographic rule; see double rule.
small caps: the letter form for the capital letters reduced in height; originally these were designs, distinct from the capital letters, that preserved the width of strokes, but they are now commonly produced on phototypesetting devices by reducing the type size of captial letters.
solid: positioning adjacent lines of text with no additional leading between them.
sorts: a collection of odd symbols in foundry type, typically tossed into a large tray; a symbol was found by sorting through the collection.
source note: credit placed at the bottom of a table indicating the source of the tabular data [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 286].
space: the distance between two objects; see em space, en space, letterspace, wordspace, whitespace.
spacebands: the adjustable-width spaces between words used to justify a line of type; originally, these were wedges mechanically expanded until the type fit the measure.
star: the symbol µ, used as a reference mark.
stub: first column of a table containing the row headings. [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 278].
style: a way of doing something. 1) house style, 2) writing style, 3) document style, 4) graphical style.
subtotal: sum of some values in a column.
super-shift: a TTS code for extending the meaning of the following code in a similar way that a shift-code makes a lower-case letter into an upper-case letter.
table parts: boxhead, stub, panel.
table: an orderly arrangement of information, typically as a rectangular array of rows and columns.
tabular composition: the preparation of material arranged in a table; see difficult copy.
text editor: a computer program for modifying a manuscript stored as a computer file.
total: sum of values in a column.
TTS: tele-typesetting-system; a coding system, initially appropriate for 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-level punched paper-tape devices, used for conveying both text content and formatting directives to typesetting devices.
turnover: text set on the second and subsequent lines of a table entry [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 281].
type: a small block of wood or metal that contains the raised design of a letter or symbol; a collection of printed or typewritten symbols.
typeface: a collection of symbols of a particular type family (Helvetica, Times Roman) in a common style (regular, italic), in a particular weight (light, medium, bold), with a particular spacing (condensed, expanded), and possibly at a particular size (10 points, 36 points); modern digital typesetters can create many variations of typefaces through electronic techniques (zooming, slanting, independent x and y scaling).
typographic rule: a thin line drawn horizontally or vertically within a document; usually to separate rows or columns within a table, or to separate different kinds of document content, for example, a figure and caption from the rest of a page.
typography: the art of composing printed material from moveable type.
typographer: person skilled in the art of typesetting text; may specialize in font design, type layout, lettering design.
upper-rail: see lower-rail; a TTS code for selecting an additional set of symbols in the typesetting device.
verso: the left-hand or back page of two facing pages; see recto.
vertical alignment: see vertically aligned.
vertically aligned: the arrangement of two or more objects above one another along a common vertical line; see horizontally aligned.
vertical rule: a rule that is oriented vertically; awkward for typesetting systems that generate lines of type.
vertical table: a table with its columns designed to run parallel to the long dimension of the page; see broadside table [—, A Manual of Style, 1969, p 273].
whitespace: the space that contains no type or illustration; usually the margins surrounding a page or a table entry.
wordspace: the width of the normal space between words.
writing style: a manner of writing using particular spelling rules and grammar rules.
WYSIWYG: `what you see is what you get' referring to displaying what will be printed; coined by Doug Engelbart; pronounced `whizzy-wig.'