SIGGRAPH'86 Documentation Graphics Course Richard J. Beach Xerox Palo Alto Research Center 3333 Coyote Hill Road Palo Alto, CA 94304 (415) 494-4822 Beach.pa@Xerox.arpa Audience Level: Intermediate This course is for programmers and researchers working with or building technical publishing tools. It may also be of interest to graphic designers who are knowledgeable about computer graphic techniques and want to learn more about how it is accomplished. A general familiarity with computer graphics will be assumed and knowledge or interest in the field of technical publishing would be helpful. Topic Outline: 1-Day Tutorial This course will survey the use of computer graphic techniques and problems in producing illustrations for technical publications. The lectures will reference published material but will gather unpublished research and techniques into a useful set of course notes. The survey begins with the two-dimensional device-independent imaging model that forms the basis for recent page description languages, Xerox Interpress and Adobe Systems PostScript. Then the sources of illustrations and their organization into documents are covered from the point of view of an implementor. The focus shifts in the afternoon to the problems of rendering documentation graphics with the quality, style, and typography expected in technical publications. The final topic addresses automated techniques for creating graphical presentations. Throughout the course, unsolved problems and thorny technical issues will be highlighted to point out areas needing further work. Graphic Arts Quality Issues (1/2 hour) Rick Beach Resolution variance: display, laser printer, typesetters and film recorders Color reproduction across devices: displays, color printers, offset printing Digital Typography (1 hour) Chuck Bigelow Fonts: bitmaps, outlines, scan conversion, character sets, metrics Legibility issues 2D Imaging Model (1 hour) Maureen Stone Device- and resolution-independent image specifications Imaging primitives: lines, curves, areas, fonts, colors Imaging operators: transformation, clipping, rendering Page Description Languages (1/2 hour) Rick Beach Representation of the page appearance through a 2D imaging model Describing and rendering documents Survey of Xerox Interpress and Adobe PostScript languages (lunch) From Rendering to Editing (1/2 hour) Rick Beach Tools to produce PDL Documentation problem is greater than the sum of its parts Figures are only part of document Figures must work together AND with page/document layout Illustration Programs (1 hour) Maureen Stone Model presented to User Painting and bitmap illustrators (e.g. MacPaint, Lumena) Idiomatic graphics illustrators (e.g. charts, business graphics) Synthetic object illustrators (e.g. Griffin, MacDraw) CAD/CAM image sources (e.g. drafting & modelling systems) Pictorial color systems (e.g. SCITEX, Hell, etc) Resources required Processor speed Disk/memory size Display Input Graphic Arts Quality Issues Structured vs Bits Drafting/plotting vs Illustration Color/gray/black and white Graphical Style (1/2 hour) Rick Beach Separating geometrical content from rendering form Presentation Tools (1/2 hour) Jock Mackinlay Automated selection and creation of graphical presentations Wrapup (1/2 hour) Rick Beach System issues for Documentation Graphics Day in the life of real publishing Job control Quality control Real output devices Course Outline for Final Program 29 DOCUMENTATION GRAPHICS Tuesday CHAIR Richard J. Beach LECTURERS Richard J. Beach, Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA Chuck Bigelow, Bigelow & Holmes, San Francisco, CA Jock Mackinlay, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Maureen Stone, Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA TOPICS Graphic Arts Quality Issues/Beach Resolution and media variance Color and gray-scale reproduction across devices Images and fonts example of fonts at device resolution for paint systems indicates that the quality issue is recognized; MacDraw & ImageWriter substitute double size font to get better printed resolution Digital Typography/Bigelow Font representations, character sets, metrics, legibility issues EP86 typography paper, or something Chuck supplies Typographic organization 2D Imaging Model/Stone Device- and resolution-independent images Update essay: Device Independent Graphics Imaging primitives Imaging operators Warnock&Wyatt paper Page Description Languages/Beach Representing the page through a 2D imaging model Describing and rendering documents Survey of Interpress and PostScript languages Mendelson material to LaserLovers Brian Reid material: Comparison tech report; EP86 paper on procedural page description languages Harrington comparison report (WRC) anything about standards activities? From Rendering to Editing/Beach Tools to produce PDL page master Documentation problem is greater than the sum of its parts Illustration Programs/Stone Illustration models presented to user Resources required Graphic Arts Quality Issues some MacPaint/MacDraw summary Juno paper -> Constraint model Techniques for Interactive Graphics (with Baudelaire) Star graphics paper (Lipkie et al) SIGGRAPH'82 idomatic illustrators (Bowman) Graphical Style/Beach Separating geometrical content from rendering form Chapter 3 of Rick's thesis or Graphical Style paper Presentation Tools/Mackinlay Automated selection and creation of graphical presentations APEX paper by Feiner Wrapup/Beach System issues for Documentation Graphics Day in the life of real publishing Traditional Document Production Techniques (from Thesis) Dealing with real output devices Proposed Lecturers Richard J. Beach, chair Xerox PARC Maureen Stone Xerox PARC The following list contains a pool of suggested lecturers among others who would ensure that the tutorial has a non-Xerox flavor to it. Each of them is knowledgeable in specific areas of the tutorial outline and has published in those areas. The intent would be to augment Beach and Stone with one of them or equivalent speakers. Chuck Bigelow (potential) Bigelow & Holmes Steve Feiner (potential) Columbia University Jock Mackinlay (potential) Stanford University Chair Biography Richard Beach manages the Imaging area of the Computer Science Lab at Xerox PARC, and holds an MMath and PhD in Computer Science from the University of Waterloo. His research interests and publications lie in the areas of document composition, digital typography, interactive illustrators, table formatting, document interchange, and digital cartography. He operated a typesetting business producing college-level computer science and mathematics text books for scholarly publishers using computer typesetting software. He was previously on the Computer Science faculty of the University of Waterloo teaching software engineering, operating systems, and programming languages. References [Warnock&Wyatt, CedarGraphics] John Warnock and Douglas K. Wyatt. ``A Device Independent Graphics Imaging Model for Use with Raster Devices,'' Computer Graphics 16 3. July 1982, 313-319. [Feiner, Graphical Explanations] Steven Feiner. ``Research Issues in Generating Graphical Explanations.'' Proceedings Graphics Interface'85, Montreal, May 27-31, 1985. [Mackinlay, Presentation tool] Jock Mackinlay and M. Genesereth. ``Expressiveness of Languages,'' Proceedings AAAI 84, Austin, Texas, August 6-10, 1984, p 226-232. [Beach&Stone, Graphical Style] Richard J. Beach and Maureen Stone. ``Graphical Style Towards High Quality Illustrations,'' Computer Graphics 17 3. July 1983, 127-135. [Bigelow, Digital Typography] Charles A. Bigelow. ``Digital Typography,'' Scientific American, September 1983. [, PostScript] . PostScript Language Manual. Adobe Systems, First edition, revised, September 1984. [, Interpress] . Interpress Electronic Printing Standard. Xerox System Integration Standard, XSIS 048404, April 1984. [Baudelaire&Stone, Techniques] Patrick Baudelaire and Maureen Stone. ``Techniques for Interactive Raster Graphics,'' Computer Graphics 14 3. July 1980, 314-320. ²DocumentationGraphicsCourse.tioga Copyright c 1985 by Xerox Corporation. All rights reserved. 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