Imaging Model
Device Independent
Synthetic, Scanned and Text
Maintain Graphic Arts Quality
Imaging Model (classic picture)
Color pressed through a mask
Mask Specification
Color Specification
Imaging Operators
Systems Issues
Mask Specification (Figure showing all types of shapes)
Outlines
Trajectories (figure for curve types)
Strokes (Return to overview figure)
Areas
Areas (figure for scan conversion types)
Strokes (blow-up of fat strokes, with ends and joints)
Offset curves
Joints, ends
Dashed patterns (figure)
Sampled Mask (figure of icon)
Text (picture of fancy text)
Fonts: Masks plus metrics (classic picture of metrics)
Show and its varients (cp plus string displayed)
Correct (figure?)
Define final width
Font approximation
Picket fence problem
Underline
Color Specification (picture of two kinds of color)
Constant and Sampled
Color Operators (example of RGB Linear)
Color Models
Imaging operators (figure showing a mask clipped and xformed)
Clipping
Transformations
Systems Issues
Interface and Implementation (Rick's building blocks?)
Common Interface
Shared Implementation pieces
Specialized as needed
Ubiquitous
Imager => Interpress => Imager
Performance Accelerators
Special Rendering Issues
Fonts
scan-conversion low resolution
Proprietary algorithms
Color
Calibration
Appearance
Function
Conclusions
Device Independent Systems Exist
Future directions
System issues
Color
Fonts
Electronic Sources of Illustrations
Illustration producing systems
Including an illustration in a document
Points of comparison
Detail on each type of source
Conclusions
Illustration producing systems
(examples for each one)
Bitmap/pixel painting
MacPaint, Deluxe Paint, Aurora, Via Video
Drafting/CAD systems
ComputerVision, Applicon, Calma, CIMLINC, AutoCad
Geometric Illustration systems
Draw, Griffin, MacDraw, Qubix, Genegraphics
Business Graphics
Tell-A-Graf, Star, ChartMaster
Full Color Prepress
Scitex, Hell, Crossfield, Dainippon
Including an illustration in a document
Print media quality standards (example, or reference back to Rick)
Layout
stand-alone description
bounding box information
scale, crop
replace/remove elements
edit elements (change style, change structure)
graphical style
Style match with rest of document
text/symbols
line weight
color/gray/texture
"graphical style" (standard example)
Points of comparison
User Model
Computer Graphics Techniques
Hardware/system requirements
Graphic Arts Issues
(again, maybe reference to Rick)
Resolution
line properties
text/symbols in illustrations
scaling, cropping
color/gray/texture
Strengths/Weaknesses
Common issues
Resolution
640x480 vs. 300 spi.
geometry is resolution independent
pixels must be sampled
Gray-scale and Color Reproduction
bi-level vs. intensity modulated
Halftone patterns (figure)
Additive vs. Subtractive color (figure)
Color gamuts, quantization (figures)
Graphic Arts Quality Typography
Bitmap/pixel painting
(reshow example from intro)
User Model
Brush and paint
Output is array of pixels
Computer Graphics Techniques
Basic paint operation: non-rectangular brushes, jitter, sampling frequency, connectedness
patterns: flicker, wallpaper, transparency (airbrushes)
flooding fill
user defined bushes/stamp pads: area select
structured brushes: lines, boxes, circles, text
Hardware/system requirements
Raster display
pointing device
performance for smooth interaction
BitBlt (Raster Op) microcode
Graphic Arts Quality Issues
Images are "jaggy"
Images not manipulable
colors/textures monitor oriented
Strengths
Easy to learn and use
appropriate to implement on current PC hardware
ubiquitous
Weaknesses
limited graphic arts quality, especially text
Drafting/CAD Systems
(examples)
User Model
construct geometric models
2D mechanical drafting paradigm
3D surface or solid geometric models
Computer Graphics Techniques
Fast line generation
Pan and Zoom
Cross-hatching
Precise construction
Automatic dimensioning
May include full 3D rendering
Hardware/system requirements
High resolution line or raster display
digitizing device
Large system capacity
Graphic Arts Quality Issues
Plotter style
3D as image
text
Strengths
resolution independent
Geometric operations applicable
Weaknesses
difficult to learn
style elements may be missing
Geometric Illustration Systems
User Model
construct outlines with control points and menus
fill or outline structures
2 1/2 D (flat with overlap)
resolution independent output
Computer Graphics Techniques
Fat synthethic lines for conic and cubic curves (figure)
fast, accurate, uniform scan conversion
localized refresh
selection paradigm/feedback
"intuitive" construction paradigms for shapes, especially curves
hidden structure vs. visual structure (figure)
Hardware/system requirements
Bitmap (color is better) display
pointing device
scientific workstation
Floating point
Graphic Arts Quality Issues
Style flexibility
formatted text
Strengths
Model generally similar to PDL
Therefore good match for GA issues
resolution independent, style elements included
geometric operations applicable
Weaknesses
difficult to use
inflexible
Business Graphics
(examples, good and bad)
User Model
Charts produced from data
Chartbooks, clip art
May include freehand painting/drawing
Computer Graphics Techniques
Rectangles, circular arcs
Dashed lines, arrowheads
Textures
data-driven illustration
Idomatic illustration
Hardware/system requirements
PC with raster display
Integration with business software
Simple user interface
Graphic Arts Quality Issues
Style Flexibility
text
jaggies (not inherent)
Strengths
Easy to use
Could enforce good design
Weaknesses
Generally low quality images
Inflexible
Full Color Prepress
(examples)
User Model
Digital darkroom
Scanned, full color images
Paste-up with typeset text
Computer Graphics Techniques
(pictures from Mik)
Color correction
Digital masking
Image combination
Full color painting
Interaction as front end to batch
Hardware/system requirements
Large storage capacity
High quality full color displays
Pointing device
Graphic Arts Quality Issues
Full color images
Text may lose structure
Strengths
Special purpose for images, page layout
Weaknesses
Expensive
No structure to pictures
Conclusion
Representation
Geometric: CAD, geometric illustration systems
Raster: Painting, digital prepress
Business graphics can be either
Flexibility vs. Power
Integration