(1) Electronic Sources of Illustrations
Illustration Systems
Illustrations In Documents
Points of Comparison
Discussion
Conclusions
(3) Including Illustrations in a Document
Print Media Quality Standards
Page Layout
Uniform Style
(4) Including Illustrations
Page Layout
Stand-Alone Description
Bounding Rectangle Information
Scale and Crop
Replace and Remove Elements
Edit Elements
(5) Including Illustrations
Uniform Style
Text and Symbols
Line Weight
Color, Gray and Texture
Graphical Style
(2) Illustration Producing Systems
Bitmap and Pixel Painting
Drafting and CAD Systems
Geometric Illustration Systems
Business Graphics
Digital Prepress
Examples Of Each (need more CAD (42))
(6) Points of Comparison
User Model
Computer Graphics Techniques
Hardware and System Requirements
Graphic Arts Issues
Strengths and Weaknesses
(7) Graphic Arts Issues
Resolution
Line Properties
Text and Symbols
Scaling and Cropping
Color, Gray and Texture
(8) Common Issues
Geometry vs. Raster (43)
Resolution Independence
Gray-Scale and Color Reproduction
Quality Typography
(9) Resolution Independence
Absolute Coordinate System
640x480 vs. 300 spi.
Scan-Convert Geometry
Re-Sample Pixels
(10) Gray-Scale And Color Reproduction
Bi-Level vs. Intensity Modulated (Mik's eye slide)
Halftone Patterns (Color Halftones)
Additive vs. Subtractive Color
Color Gamuts (Gamut pic)
Quantization (Genographics slide, Brian photographs*)
(11) Bitmap and Pixel Painting (DIP picture)
User Model
Brush and Paint
Output is Array of Pixels
(12) Bitmap and Pixel Painting
Computer Graphics Techniques
Basic Paint Operation:
Performance
Sampling Frequency and Jitter
Bitmap Patterns
Flicker
Seams (44)
Transparency
(12) Bitmap and Pixel Painting (MacPaint UI)
Computer Graphics Techniques
Special Brushes
User-Defined Areas
Structured Brushes
Text
Fill
Flooding algorithms
Opaque boundaries
(14) Bitmap and Pixel Painting
Hardware and System Requirements
Raster Display
Pointing Device
Smooth Interaction
BitBLT (RasterOp) Microcode
(15) Bitmap and Pixel Painting (Jaggy*)
Graphic Arts Quality Issues
Images are "Jaggy"
Images Not Manipulable
Monitor Oriented
Colors
Fonts
Textures
(16) Bitmap and Pixel Painting
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Easy to Learn and Use
Available on PC Hardware
Ubiquitous
Weaknesses
Generally Low Resolution
Monitor Oriented
Limited Quality when Printed
(17) Drafting and CAD Systems (CAD screen)
User Model
Construct Geometric Models
2D Mechanical Drafting Paradigm
3D Surface or Solid Geometric Models
(18) Drafting and CAD Systems
Computer Graphics Techniques
Fast Line Generation
Pan and Zoom
Cross-Hatching
Precise Construction
Automatic Dimensioning
May Include Full 3D Rendering
(19) Drafting and CAD Systems
Hardware and System Requirements
High Resolution Display
High Resolution Plotter
Digitizing Device
Large System Capacity
(20) Drafting and CAD Systems (42)
Graphic Arts Quality Issues
Plotter Style
Limited Line Weights
Limited Area Fill
Limited Font Styles
3D Rendering
Convert to 2D
Treat as Image
(21) Drafting and CAD Systems
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Resolution Independent
Geometric Operations
Weaknesses
Difficult to Learn
Missing Style Elements
(22) Geometric Illustrators (Griffin UI sequence)
User Model
Construct Shapes
Fill or Stroke Outlines
2D with Overlap
High Resolution Output
(23) Geometric Illustration Systems
Computer Graphics Techniques
Fast Curved Strokes
Fast and Accurate Refresh
Selection Paradigm and Feedback (45)
"Intuitive" Construction Paradigms
Hidden Structure vs. Visual Structure (47)
(24) Geometric Illustration Systems
Hardware and System Requirements
Raster Display
Digital Printer
Pointing Device
Scientific Workstation
(25) Geometric Illustration Systems (Griffin Example)
Graphic Arts Quality Issues
Good Match for PDL
Flexibility
Style Choices
Text Formatting
Desk-top Publishing
(26) Geometric Illustration Systems
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Resolution Independent
Geometric Operations
Model Similar To PDL
Style Elements Included
Weaknesses
Difficult To Use
Inflexible
(27) Business Graphics (Bar Chart)
User Model
Charts Produced From Data
Chartbooks and Clip Art
Overlay Freehand Illustrations
Easy to Use
(28) Business Graphics
Computer Graphics Techniques
Dashed Lines (46)
Arrowheads
Textures
User Interface
Idiomatic Illustrations (colored map)
(29) Business Graphics
Hardware and System Requirements
PC with Raster Display
Hardcopy for Presentations
Integration with Business Software
Simple User Interface
(30) Business Graphics (good and bad*)
Graphic Arts Quality Issues
Style Flexibility
"Cheap"
Low Resolution
Poor Rendering Quality
Could Encourage Quality
(31) Business Graphics
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Easy To Use
Could Enforce Good Design
Weaknesses
Often Poor Quality
Limited Style
Inflexible
(32) Digital Prepress (Digital Darkroom)
User Model
Digital Darkroom
Scanned, Full Color Images
Paste-Up with Typeset Text
Output to Commercial Printer
(33) Digital Prepress (Mik's sequence)
Computer Graphics Techniques
Digital Masking
Image Combination
Color Correction (color correction fig)
Indirect Editing
Interactive Front-End
Batch Production
(34) Digital Prepress
Hardware and System Requirements
High Quality, Full Color Display
Input Scanner
Film Plotter
Pointing Device
Large Storage Capacity
(35) Digital Prepress (Commercial Page)
Graphic Arts Quality Issues
Commercial Quality
Full Color Images
Color Control
Color Separation
Unstructured
(36) Digital Prepress
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Quality Image Processing
Page Layout
Page Production
Commercial Quality
Weaknesses
Expensive
Lack of Structure
(37) Conclusion
Representation
Graphic Arts Quality
Design Tradeoffs
Integration
(38) Conclusion
Representation
Geometric
Drafting and CAD
Geometric Illustration Systems
Raster
Bitmap and Pixel Painting
Digital Prepress
Business Graphics can be Either
(39) Conclusion
Graphic Arts Quality
Follow the PDL Model
Advantages of Geometry
Resolution Independent Rendering
Structured Representation
Style Flexibility
Change with Media
Change with Document
(40) Conclusion
Design Tradeoffs
Power = Complex
Simple = Limited
Flexible = Hard to Learn
User Model
User Interface
System Structure
(41) Conclusion
Integration
Graphics with Documents
Graphics from Different Systems
Interchange Formats
Integrated Environments
Graphics with User Programs