DIRECTORY DragOpsCross, DragOpsCrossUtils, HandCoding, HandCodingPseudos, HandCodingSupport; GenBasics: CEDAR PROGRAM IMPORTS DragOpsCrossUtils, HandCoding, HandCodingPseudos, HandCodingSupport = BEGIN OPEN DragOpsCrossUtils, HandCoding, HandCodingPseudos, HandCodingSupport; Word: TYPE = DragOpsCross.Word; ZerosWord: Word = DragOpsCross.ZerosWord; bytesPerWord: CARDINAL = DragOpsCross.bytesPerWord; wordsPerPage: CARDINAL = DragOpsCross.wordsPerPage; globalBase: LONG CARDINAL; globalBaseWord: Word; initialPages: INT _ 64; gAllocPtr: NAT = 2; onlyROM0: BOOL _ FALSE; All: PROC = { FillTrap: PROC [tx: DragOpsCross.TrapIndex, dest: Label] = { oldPC: LONG CARDINAL = GetOutputPC[area]; SetOutputPC[DragOpsCrossUtils.TrapIndexToBytePC[tx]]; drJDB[UseLabel16[dest]]; SetOutputPC[oldPC]; }; FillXop: PROC [inst: DragOpsCross.Inst, dest: Label] = { oldPC: LONG CARDINAL = GetOutputPC[area]; SetOutputPC[DragOpsCrossUtils.XopToBytePC[inst]]; drJDB[UseLabel16[dest]]; SetOutputPC[oldPC]; }; area: Area = GetCurrentArea[]; start: Label = GenLabel[]; dummy: Label = GenLabel[]; startUser: Label = GenLabel[]; initL: Label = GenLabel[]; procSetVectorConstant: Label = GenLabel[]; procMoveVector: Label = GenLabel[]; procAllocVector: Label = GenLabel[]; globalBase _ ReserveData[initialPages*wordsPerPage] / bytesPerWord; globalBaseWord _ CardToWord[globalBase]; SetLabel[start]; IF onlyROM0 THEN { drLIB[1]; drROR[c: const1, a: const0, b: popSrc]; drRVADD[c: const2, a: const1, b: const1]; drRVADD[c: const3, a: const2, b: const1]; }; drRVADD[c: const4, a: const3, b: const1]; drRVSUB[c: constN2, a: const0, b: const2]; drRVSUB[c: constN1, a: const0, b: const1]; drLIDB[100000B]; drROR[c: constNSI, a: const0, b: popSrc]; drLC1[]; drSHL[FieldDescriptorToCard[[insert: FALSE, mask: 32, shift: 31]]]; drROR[c: constNI, a: const0, b: popSrc]; drLIQB[globalBaseWord]; drROR[c: global, a: const0, b: topSrc]; -- the base of global data drDUP[]; drADDDB[wordsPerPage]; -- don't allocate in the first page drWSB[gAllocPtr]; -- set the allocation pointer FOR i: NAT IN [1..15] DO drROR[c: [aux[i]], a: const0, b: const0]; ENDLOOP; drLFC[UseLabel16[initL]]; drASL[255]; drLIB[16]; drLFC[UseLabel16[procAllocVector]]; drROR[process, const0, popSrc]; drLIB[16]; drLFC[UseLabel16[procAllocVector]]; drROR[processor, const0, popSrc]; drJDB[UseLabel16[startUser]]; GenStatusHacks[]; GenSetVectorConstant[procSetVectorConstant]; GenMoveVector[procMoveVector]; GenAllocVector[procAllocVector]; GenMultiply[]; GenFindShift[]; GenDivide[]; ProcedureEntry[initL, 0]; drLC1[]; SetYoungestStatus[]; -- L _ 1 on return drLIB[128-16-1]; -- spLimit is set with room for 17 overflow words (just in case) SetSPLimit[]; ProcedureExit[0]; WordAlign[area]; SetLabel[startUser]; MakeLabelGlobal["Basics.ExitToGenStack", startUser]; FillTrap[ResetTrap, start]; }; GenStatusHacks: PROC = { entryLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; ProcedureEntry[entryLabel, 1]; MakeLabelGlobal["Basics.SetStatus", entryLabel]; SetYoungestStatus[]; ProcedureExit[0]; }; GenSetVectorConstant: PROC [entryLabel: Label] = { addrLocal: RegSpec = reg0; lenLocal: RegSpec = reg1; wordLocal: RegSpec = reg2; finishLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; ProcedureEntry[entryLabel, 3]; MakeLabelGlobal["Basics.SetVectorConstant", entryLabel]; drLRn[lenLocal]; drRJLBJ[left: topSrc, right: const4, dist: UseLabel8B[finishLabel]]; {loopLabel: Label = GenLabelHere[]; exitLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; drSUBB[4]; drWRI[wordLocal, addrLocal, 0]; drWRI[wordLocal, addrLocal, 1]; drWRI[wordLocal, addrLocal, 2]; drWRI[wordLocal, addrLocal, 3]; drRVADD[c: addrLocal, a: addrLocal, b: const4]; drRJGEBJ[left: topSrc, right: const4, dist: UseLabel8B[loopLabel]]; SetLabel[finishLabel]; drRJLEB[left: topSrc, right: const0, dist: UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; drWRI[wordLocal, addrLocal, 0]; drRJLEB[left: topSrc, right: const1, dist: UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; drWRI[wordLocal, addrLocal, 1]; drRJLEB[left: topSrc, right: const2, dist: UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; drWRI[wordLocal, addrLocal, 2]; SetLabel[exitLabel]; }; ProcedureExit[0]; }; GenMoveVector: PROC [entryLabel: Label] = { srcLocal: RegSpec = reg0; lenLocal: RegSpec = reg1; dstLocal: RegSpec = reg2; finishLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; ProcedureEntry[entryLabel, 3]; MakeLabelGlobal["Basics.MoveVector", entryLabel]; drLRn[lenLocal]; drRJLBJ[left: topSrc, right: const4, dist: UseLabel8B[finishLabel]]; {loopLabel: Label = GenLabelHere[]; exitLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; drSUBB[4]; drLRIn[srcLocal, 0]; drLRIn[srcLocal, 1]; drLRIn[srcLocal, 2]; drLRIn[srcLocal, 3]; drRVADD[c: srcLocal, a: srcLocal, b: const4]; drSRIn[dstLocal, 3]; drSRIn[dstLocal, 2]; drSRIn[dstLocal, 1]; drSRIn[dstLocal, 0]; drRVADD[c: dstLocal, a: dstLocal, b: const4]; drRJGEBJ[left: topSrc, right: const4, dist: UseLabel8B[loopLabel]]; SetLabel[finishLabel]; drRJLEB[left: topSrc, right: const0, dist: UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; drLRIn[srcLocal, 0]; drSRIn[dstLocal, 0]; drRJLEB[left: topSrc, right: const1, dist: UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; drLRIn[srcLocal, 1]; drSRIn[dstLocal, 1]; drRJLEB[left: topSrc, right: const2, dist: UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; drLRIn[srcLocal, 2]; drSRIn[dstLocal, 2]; SetLabel[exitLabel]; }; ProcedureExit[0]; }; GenAllocVector: PROC [entryLabel: Label] = { lenLocal: RegSpec = reg0; G: RegSpec = reg1; ProcedureEntry[entryLabel, 1]; MakeLabelGlobal["Basics.AllocVector", entryLabel]; drLIQB[globalBaseWord]; drLRIn[G, gAllocPtr]; drRVADD[pushDst, lenLocal, topSrc]; drSRIn[G, gAllocPtr]; drSRn[lenLocal]; ProcedureExit[1]; }; GenMultiply: PROC [] = { accum: RegSpec = reg0; -- initially holds X, will hold return value entryLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; exitLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; exit0Label: Label = GenLabel[]; positiveLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; ProcedureEntry[entryLabel, 2]; MakeLabelGlobal["Basics.MixedMultiply", entryLabel]; SetLabel[positiveLabel]; drLIB[17B]; drLIB[3*15+1]; drLRn[accum]; drROR[accum, const0, const0]; { localY: RegSpec = reg1; -- holds Y mask: RegSpec = reg2; -- holds 17B as a mask width: RegSpec = reg3; -- holds 3*15+1 as the table width localX: RegSpec = reg4; -- holds X loopEntry: Label = GenLabel[]; loopTop: Label = GenLabel[]; drJB[UseLabel8A[loopEntry]]; SetLabel[loopTop]; drRADD[localY, localY, localY]; drRADD[localY, localY, localY]; drRADD[localY, localY, localY]; drRADD[localY, localY, localY]; SetLabel[loopEntry]; drRAND[pushDst, mask, localX]; drRSUB[pushDst, width, topSrc]; drQSUB[topAtop, belowSrc]; drRSUB[belowDst, popSrc, belowSrc]; drJSR[]; THROUGH [0..15) DO drRADD[accum, accum, localY]; ENDLOOP; ExtractField[first: 0, bits: 32-4]; drRJNEBJ[left: topSrc, right: const0, dist: UseLabel8B[loopTop]]; ProcedureExit[1]; }; { otherLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; specialLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; negateLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; negXlabel: Label = GenLabel[]; ProcedureEntry[otherLabel, 2]; MakeLabelGlobal["Basics.IntMultiply", otherLabel]; drRJGB[left: const0, right: reg0, dist: UseLabel8B[negXlabel]]; drRJGB[left: const0, right: reg1, dist: UseLabel8B[positiveLabel]]; drRJGEB[left: topSrc, right: belowSrc, dist: UseLabel8B[positiveLabel]]; drRXOR[topDst, topSrc, belowSrc]; drRXOR[belowDst, topSrc, belowSrc]; drRXOR[topDst, topSrc, belowSrc]; drJB[UseLabel8A[positiveLabel]]; SetLabel[negXlabel]; drLRn[reg0]; drRJEB[left: popSrc, right: constNI, dist: UseLabel8B[specialLabel]]; drRSUB[reg0, const0, reg0]; drLFC[UseLabel16[entryLabel]]; SetLabel[negateLabel]; drRSUB[reg0, const0, reg0]; ProcedureExit[1]; SetLabel[specialLabel]; drRJEB[left: topSrc, right: const1, dist: UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; drRJNEB[left: topSrc, right: const0, dist: UseLabel8B[negateLabel]]; }; SetLabel[exit0Label]; drROR[reg0, const0, const0]; SetLabel[exitLabel]; ProcedureExit[1]; { thinCardLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; fatCardLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; lo: RegSpec = reg0; -- holds lo-order result word hi: RegSpec = reg1; -- holds hi-order result word yLo: RegSpec = reg2; -- holds lo-order part of Y yHi: RegSpec = reg3; -- holds hi-order part of Y localX: RegSpec = reg4; -- holds X ProcedureEntry[fatCardLabel, 2]; MakeLabelGlobal["Basics.FatCardMultiply", fatCardLabel]; drLRn[reg1]; -- push Y drLC0[]; -- init hi-order part of Y drLRn[reg0]; -- push X drROR[hi, const0, const0]; drROR[lo, const0, const0]; { loopEntry: Label = GenLabel[]; loopTop: Label = GenLabel[]; noAddLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; drRJNEBJ[left: topSrc, right: const0, dist: UseLabel8B[loopEntry]]; ProcedureExit[1]; SetLabel[loopTop]; drRUADD[yLo, yLo, yLo]; drRUADD[yHi, yHi, yHi]; SetLabel[loopEntry]; drQAND[pushA1, localX]; drJEBB[0, UseLabel8B[noAddLabel]]; drRUADD[lo, lo, yLo]; drRUADD[hi, hi, yHi]; SetLabel[noAddLabel]; ExtractField[first: 0, bits: 31]; drRJNEBJ[left: topSrc, right: const0, dist: UseLabel8B[loopTop]]; }; ProcedureExit[2]; ProcedureEntry[thinCardLabel, 2]; MakeLabelGlobal["Basics.CardMultiply", thinCardLabel]; drLFC[UseLabel16[fatCardLabel]]; drRJEBJ[left: topSrc, right: const0, dist: UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; drRADD[pushDst, constNI, constNI]; ProcedureExit[1]; }; }; GenFindShift: PROC = { entryLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; exitLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; loopLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; rX: RegSpec = reg0; rShift: RegSpec = reg1; rProbe: RegSpec = reg2; ProcedureEntry[entryLabel, 1]; MakeLabelGlobal["Basics.FindShift", entryLabel]; drLC0[]; drLIB[32]; SetLabel[loopLabel]; drRJEB[const0, topSrc, UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; ExtractField[first: 0, bits: 31]; drQADD[pushAtop, rShift]; drFSDB[FieldDescriptorToCard[ [mask: 32, shift: 0] ]]; drRFU[pushDst, const0, rX]; drRJNEB[popSrc, const0, UseLabel8B[loopLabel]]; drRADD[rShift, rShift, topSrc]; drRFU[pushDst, const0, rX]; drRJGEBJ[popSrc, const0, UseLabel8B[loopLabel]]; SetLabel[exitLabel]; drROR[reg0, rShift, const0]; ProcedureExit[1]; }; InlineFindShift: PROC [rX: RegSpec] = { exitLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; loopLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; drLC0[]; drLIB[32]; SetLabel[loopLabel]; drRJEB[const0, topSrc, UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; ExtractField[first: 0, bits: 31]; drQADD[pushAtop, belowSrc]; drFSDB[FieldDescriptorToCard[ [mask: 32, shift: 0] ]]; drRFU[pushDst, const0, rX]; drRJNEB[popSrc, const0, UseLabel8B[loopLabel]]; drRADD[belowDst, belowSrc, topSrc]; drRFU[pushDst, const0, rX]; drRJGEBJ[popSrc, const0, UseLabel8B[loopLabel]]; SetLabel[exitLabel]; drDIS[]; }; GenDivide: PROC = { entryLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; exitLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; faultLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; quotient: RegSpec = reg0; -- initially holds X, will hold return value localY: RegSpec = reg1; localX: RegSpec = reg2; compY: RegSpec = reg3; temp: RegSpec = reg4; mask: RegSpec = reg5; ProcedureEntry[entryLabel, 2]; MakeLabelGlobal["Basics.CardDivide", entryLabel]; drRJEB[left: topSrc, right: const0, dist: UseLabel8B[faultLabel]]; drRJEB[left: topSrc, right: const1, dist: UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; drLRn[quotient]; drROR[quotient, const0, const0]; drRXOR[pushDst, localY, constNI]; drRXOR[pushDst, localX, constNI]; drRJLB[left: popSrc, right: belowSrc, dist: UseLabel8B[exitLabel]]; drLC1[]; drRXOR[pushDst, const0, constNI]; { label0: Label = GenLabel[]; label1: Label = GenLabel[]; drLC0[]; drFSDB[FieldDescriptorToCard[ [mask: 32, shift: 4] ]]; drRFU[pushDst, const0, localX]; drJNEBB[0, UseLabel8B[label1]]; SetLabel[label0]; ExtractField[first: 0, bits: 32-4]; drRFU[localX, localX, const0]; drRFU[pushDst, const0, localX]; drJEBBJ[0, UseLabel8B[label0]]; SetLabel[label1]; }; { setupLabel: Label = GenLabelHere[]; ExtractField[first: 0, bits: 31]; drRUADD[localX, localX, localX]; drRUADD[pushDst, const0, const0]; drJEBB[0, UseLabel8B[setupLabel]]; }; { noSubLabel: Label = GenLabel[]; loopLabel: Label = GenLabelHere[]; drRUADD[localX, localX, localX]; drRUADD[temp, temp, temp]; drRXOR[pushDst, temp, constNI]; drRJLB[left: popSrc, right: compY, dist: UseLabel8B[noSubLabel]]; drRVSUB[temp, temp, localY]; drRVADD[quotient, quotient, mask]; SetLabel[noSubLabel]; ExtractField[first: 0, bits: 31]; drRJNEBJ[left: topSrc, right: const0, dist: UseLabel8B[loopLabel]]; }; SetLabel[exitLabel]; ProcedureExit[1]; SetLabel[faultLabel]; Halt[277B]; ProcedureExit[1]; }; END. *GenBasics.mesa Copyright c 1984, 1985, 1986 by Xerox Corporation. All rights reserved. Russ Atkinson (RRA) June 2, 1987 3:57:55 pm PDT McCreight, January 8, 1986 4:52:12 pm PST GenBasics provides the following utilities: Register initialization at processor reset. Basics.SetStatus [] Sets the status & L (provided that one is in kernel mode). Basics.SetVectorConstant [addr: PTR, len: INT, word: Word] Fills a vector (starts at addr for len words) with a constant word. Basics.MoveVector [src: PTR, len: INT, dst: PTR] Moves words in increasing order. Basics.AllocVector [len: INT] Permanently allocates a vector in kernel space. Basics.MixedMultiply [X: CARD, Y: INT] RETURNS [INT] Basics.IntMultiply [X,Y: INT] RETURNS [INT] Basics.FatCardMultiply [X,Y: CARD] RETURNS [hi,lo: CARD] Basics.CardMultiply [X,Y: CARD] RETURNS [hi,lo: CARD] Basics.CardDivide [X,Y: CARD] RETURNS [CARD] This is the location where Reset comes to. The registers need initialization. early versions of the EU only had const0 in ROM We use this method to initialize L to 1 When there is nothing on the stack, S should be at L-1 Allocate a dummy (non-NIL) process object Allocate a dummy (non-NIL) processor object Control flow falls through to the next file that gets generated. Typically, GenStack follows GenBasics, and other programs follow GenStack. Note that there should be no frames on the IFU stack when we fall through. Enables traps, provided the caller was in kernel mode. Minimum cost: 16 cycles. Multiply & Divide routines MixedMultiply: PROC [X: CARD, Y: INT] RETURNS [INT]; This is the routine for full signed multiply. For non-negative X we just join the HalfSignedMultiply routine. For negative X > FIRST[INT] we negate X, multiply, and negate the result. For X = FIRST[INT] we test for Y = 0 (return 0) and Y = 1 (return X), otherwise we always overflow. NOTE: we also make sure that if both numbers are positive that we place the smaller number in X and the larger number in Y. IntMultiply: PROC [X: INT, Y: INT] RETURNS [INT]; For X < 0, go handle it the hard way For X >= 0 & Y < 0, just branch to the positive entry For X >= 0 & Y >= 0 & X <= Y, just branch to the positive entry Exchange X and Y, then branch to the positive entry For special X (FIRST[INT]), go do some more tests negate X to get a positive number Call the multiply routine with -X and Y Negate (may get overflow) the result At this point we know that X = LAST[INT], so the only thing that can't overflow is Y = 0 or Y = 1. Note that Y is on top of the stack, which makes testing easier. Y = 1 => the identity Y # 0 => negate (to get overflow) & return Return 0 FatCardMultiply: PROC [X: CARD, Y: CARD] RETURNS [hi,lo: CARD]; CardMultiply: PROC [X: CARD, Y: CARD] RETURNS [CARD]; Test for overflow by testing the high-order word At this point we have an overflow, so force the trap X: CARD _ ...; shift: NAT _ 0; probe: NAT _ 32; WHILE probe # 0 DO bits: NAT _ shift + (probe _ probe / 2); IF DoubleShiftLeft[0, ln, bits] # 0 THEN { shift _ shift + probe; IF LOOPHOLE[DoubleShiftLeft[ln, 0, shift], INT] < 0 THEN EXIT; }; ENDLOOP; RETURN [shift]; We will leave the shift distance on the stack The probe starts out at 32, then keeps halving Discard the probe CardDivide: PROC [x: CARD, y: CARD] RETURNS [quotient: CARD] Quick tests for Y=0 & Y=1 Push X into the "right" position and init the other variables Quick exit for X < Y Scan over the zero bits in X by 4 bits, adjusting the mask appropriately. WHILE x <= LAST[CARD]/16 DO mask _ mask/16; x _ x * 16; ENDLOOP; Scan over the zero bits in X, adjusting the mask appropriately. DO mask _ mask/2; carry _ (x/hiBit); x _ x + x; IF carry = 1 THEN EXIT; ENDLOOP; Perform division step. 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