1 A USER'S GUIDE TO SKETCH 1 A USER'S GUIDE TO SKETCH HOW TO PERFORM BASIC SKETCH OPERATIONS 1 HOW TO PERFORM BASIC SKETCH OPERATIONS 1 2. HOW TO PERFORM BASIC SKETCH OPERATIONS 6 2 To Load Sketch 1 To get Sketch into your Interlisp-D system, load the file SKETCH.DCOM. This can be done by typing (FILESLOAD SKETCH) into the Interlisp-D Executive window. Loading Sketch will load several other files (SKETCHELEMENTS, SKETCHEDIT, SKETCHOBJ, GRAPHZOOM, and MATMULT). TEdit is also loaded by Sketch if you don't have it in your system already. If you use Sketch often, you can edit your initialization file so that Sketch is loaded automatically when you fetch a new sysout. 2 To Start Sketch 1 Sketch displays your drawing in a sketch window (see figure 2). You can open a sketch window in several ways. The most common method is using the background command menu. Move the cursor so that it is over the background, i.e., not in any window, press the right mouse button, and select the Sketch item from the menu that appears. The cursor will change to $$ . Move the cursor to any corner of the region where you want the sketch window to be. Press the left mouse button. Holding the left button down, move the cursor to the corner diagonally opposite and release the button. While the left button is down, the region will be highlighted in gray. When you release the button, an empty sketch window will be opened there. You can use the background command menu to open as many sketch windows as you want. Each will be editing a different sketch. You can also use the sketch command New Window to open another window onto the same figure (see the section To Open a Second Window Onto a Sketch). 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A sketch window with its command menu") 1.0 ( CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((123.0 13.0 236.0 10.0)) NIL)) ((0.0 64.34758 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((400.0 . 338.0) (420.0 . 316.0) (424.0 . 276.0) (424.0 . 228.0) ( 427.7262 . 213.2107) (436.0 . 209.3048)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 81.65241 NIL) ( OPENCURVE ((399.0 . 46.00003) (420.0 . 76.0) (424.0 . 124.0) (424.0 . 177.0) (428.0 . 204.0) (436.0 . 209.3048)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (11.0 7.0 476.0 347.0) 1.0 4.0 2 To Stop Sketch 1 When you are finished with a sketch window, close it. Move the cursor into the title bar of the sketch window, press the right button, and select the Close item from the menu that will appear. If you have made changes to the sketch, the message Unsaved changes, close anyway? will be printed in a small window above the sketch window, and the cursor will change to  (((((((. If you do not wish to save the changes you made to this sketch, press the left button. The window will close. If you would like to save the changes, press either the middle or the right button. The window will not close. See the section To Save a Sketch in a File to learn how to save your changes. If the sketch window was created from a sketch in a TEdit document, you are given a menu choice of whether or not the changes made to this window should be returned to the document. 2 To Use Menus and Submenus 1 There are two menus you will use with Sketch: the Sketch command menu and the Interlisp-D window command menu. In addition, you will use several levels of Sketch submenus. The Sketch command menu (shown in figure 2) provides commands to add elements, to modify existing elements, and to control Sketch. In general, you select a command from the menu using the left button. After selecting a command, you will give Sketch additional information, usually by pointing to sketch elements or by specifying positions in the sketch. Normally, the command menu is visible at the right of the sketch window. You can close it by moving the cursor into it, pressing the right button, and selecting the Close item from the menu that will appear. After you close the menu (or if it wasn't visible in the first place), you can bring it up by pressing the middle mouse button in the title bar of the sketch window. Select commands by releasing the middle button when the cursor is over the command you want. If you intend to execute more than one command, you can make the command menu permanent by selecting the Fix Menu item. 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UUUUUUUUU5V*UUUUUUUUUUU5VUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUVUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUVUU(UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUV1;UU1*UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUVUU1(UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUV19UU` UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUV`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} (44.0 28.0 357.0 150.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT ( 216.0 . 8.0) (" Figure 3. Defaults Menu item showing submenus" " ") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) ( MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((101.0 11.0 230.0 11.0) (215.0 0.0 2.0 11.0)) NIL))) (0.0 0.0 402.0 219.0) 1.0 4.0 Several of the commands have submenus that contain additional commands, and some subcommands have submenus. These commands and subcommands are marked by a gray triangle pointing to the right (see figure 3). To retrieve a submenu, press down the left button, slide the cursor to the right through the triangle, and select the desired subcommand before releasing the button. Continue holding the button and slide through the desired submenu item to obtain the subsubmenu. When the desired item is found, release the button while the cursor is over the item. If you wish to choose a different menu command from a higher-level menu, slide the cursor to the left and the submenu will be withdrawn. To avoid awkward phrasing, this document usually refers to submenus and subsubmenus simply as menus,'' and clarifies the relationships between the various levels of menus in descriptions of their use and diagrams. The same is true of subcommands and subsubcommands. Ez<@B@GHHHGH@BHHA@.\<1"b!B!2BA!"b>!\@@@>@!!K!"LH>HH 2HH "HH HF ! @#@$H@'Ð@$ !$H#P?  ? P P ?  @GqH&$$8H$$ȠH&$@Gt@@@@GtpqHȚ C HL H AGPtppB@"> "À&$@"'$$&$@À S@"@  Figure 4. The Interlisp-D window command menu The Sketch window, like other Interlisp windows, can be manipulated using the commands in the Interlisp-D window menu. You can retrieve this menu by pressing the right button while the cursor is in the title bar of a sketch window (see figure 4). Two commands of special importance to Sketch users, Redisplay and Shape, are explained below; the others are described in the Friendly Dandelion Primer and the Interlisp-D Reference Manual. The Redisplay command is sometimes useful for cleaning up the display in the sketch window, which may get dirtied when elements are deleted or moved. If, after an editing operation, the display does not look the way you think it should, try the Redisplay command. The Shape command is used to change the size and shape of the sketch window. If the sketch window is editing a sketch from a document (e.g., if you chose the Edit Sketch item from the menu presented when you selected the sketch in a TEdit window), reshaping the window will change the size of the sketch when it is put back into the document. 2 To Specify Positions for Sketch Elements 1 A sketch is made up of sketch elements, which you create one by one using the appropriate element-adding commands. A Sketch command that adds an element will prompt you for where to put the element in the sketch. When this happens, the cursor will change from its normal shape,  , to some other shape such as p1a AAa 1p, to indicate that you should select a position in the sketch. The Move and Copy commands will prompt you for the position of the moved or copied elements. When this happens, an image of the elements will follow the position of the cursor. In either case, you can specify a position by moving the cursor into the sketch window, then pressing and releasing one of the mouse buttons. The position is noted when the button is released. Thus it is possible (encouraged even) to move the cursor with a button held down. The different buttons provide different ways of specifying the position in the sketch relative to the position of the cursor. Sketch has a grid that can be either in use or not in use (see To Use the Grid Display). If the grid is in use (as it is initially), the left button specifies the position in the sketch that is on the grid and closest to the cursor. If the grid is not in use, the left button specifies the position the cursor points to, whether it is on the grid or not. The right button always does the opposite of the left button. Thus, if the left button would put a point on the grid, the right one will put one anywhere. When there are elements in the sketch, the middle button specifies that the position be the same as the control point nearest the cursor. While a button is held down, an      will appear on the sketch position that will be specified when the button is released. It is possible to change mouse buttons after one has been pressed: while continuing to hold down the old button, press the new button, then release the old one. When specifying the position of an element, you can abort the command (e.g., cause no element to be added) by releasing the button while the cursor is outside the sketch window. 2 To Select Sketch Elements 1 After you add an element, you can delete it, move it, copy it, change it, or group it with other elements, using the appropriate command. The Delete, Move, Copy, Change, and Group commands apply to one or more elements in the sketch. After selecting one of these commands, you then specify the element or elements to apply the command to. When Sketch expects you to select elements, the control points are highlighted with a box ( ```````) as shown in figure 5. While the control points are visible, elements are selected by the following methods. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.1 4 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)ffffffffffffp㻎8Αݷu]m[ouY3333333333330jouffffffffffffpooݻuwqٟ㽎0c3333333333330   ? F F F   @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ x`@ `@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @@@#@#@#@<###@@C## @0g<f{ cyx@@@  # # F# F# # xM~# J#!O O H@xHx@@@ <} (132.0 43.0 211.0 198.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (236.0 . 25.0) ( "Figure 5. A sketch window in selection mode" "(control points visible)") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) ( MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((132.5 27.0 207.0 10.0) (185.0 17.0 102.0 10.0)) NIL)) ( (.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (116.0 . 131.0) ("control" "point") 1.0 (RIGHT BASELINE) (MODERN 10 ( MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((80.0 134.0 36.0 12.0) (90.0 122.0 26.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((0.0 22.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((168.0 . 156.0) (156.0 . 152.0) (144.0 . 136.0) (124.0 . 131.0)) (ROUND 1 7 ) NIL ((LINE 30 10.0) NIL T) 1.0))) (80.0 9.0 296.0 232.0) 1.0 4.0 To Select One Element 1 Move the cursor to within the box ( ```````) marking any of its control points (see figure 5) and click the left button. To Select a Group of Contiguous Elements 1 Move the cursor to one corner of the group, press the left button, then, while holding the left button down, sweep to the opposite corner (see figure 6). This selects all elements that have any control points in the swept-out area. Selected elements are marked by blackened control points. You finish the selection by releasing the left button. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (LEFT TOP) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T)) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (217.0 . 381.0) ( "Elements inside" "the box swept" "out by the cursor" "when the left" "button is down" "are selected.") 1.0 (LEFT TOP) (MODERN 8 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((217.0 371.0 54.0 11.0) (217.0 360.0 52.0 11.0) (217.0 349.0 63.0 11.0) (217.0 338.0 49.0 11.0) (217.0 327.0 57.0 11.0) (217.0 316.0 44.0 11.0)) NIL)) ((.022 151.0 NIL) (GROUP (105.0 195.0 302.0 22.0 ) (((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (256.0 . 216.0) ( "Figure 6. Selection of a group of contiguous elements." "Note: the gray box shown here does not appear during selection ") 1.0 (CENTER TOP) (MODERN 10 ( MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((130.0 207.0 252.0 10.0) (105.0 197.0 302.0 10.0)) NIL))) (256.0 . 208.0))) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (288.0 . 256.0) ("2. While holding the left button down," " move to the opposite corner of the" " region containing the elements.") 1.0 (LEFT TOP) ( MODERN 8 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((288.0 246.0 181.0 11.0) (288.0 235.0 177.0 11.0) (288.0 224.0 161.0 11.0)) NIL)) ((.1 4 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)??#D(p==(#D>>>>>>?}?{?{?w?www{{}~00|D$?s`7;=>?z?p??@8@@w  ''@ @"cG !]HP#OP$ HQ$"H.$G  "@UUUUUUUUUUUUUUV`0``00  } (288.0 264.0 128.0 112.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((0.0 26.9442 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((245.1116 . 328.5304) (264.0 . 304.0) (299.0 . 316.0)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL (NIL (LINE 30.0 12.0)) 1.0)) ((0.0 33.64955 NIL) (CLOSEDCURVE ((245.0 . 326.0) (268.0 . 330.0) (280.0 . 360.0) (275.7464 . 380.0324) (254.0 . 384.0) ( 218.4726 . 381.8083) (212.7009 . 358.7212) (217.0 . 329.0)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL 1.0)) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (56.0 . 256.0) ("1. Move the cursor to the upper-left corner" " of the region containing the elements." " Press down the left button.") 1.0 (LEFT TOP) ( MODERN 8 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((56.0 246.0 200.0 11.0) (56.0 235.0 190.0 11.0) (56.0 224.0 140.0 11.0)) NIL)) ((.1 4 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)``01|  `0 0 0< Dr(p"r"r(#D>>1`01`01`010b00d00d0?w?wwwd0d0b0a0```<0  lD$?L8`4`2`1`0`0Xp??@8@@w&&@@#G!]HP#OP$ HQ$"H.$G  @`0} (56.0 264.0 138.0 127.0) 1.0 (0 . 0)))) (32.0 181.0 408.0 221.0) 1.0 8.0 To Select a Collection of Noncontiguous Elements 1 After the control points are highlighted but before you press a mouse button, press and hold either shift key. Move the cursor to a control point of one of the elements and click the left button. That element will be selected. Repeat this procedure for each element you want to select. Sweep out an area with the left button held down to add all the elements with any control points in the swept-out area to the selection. (If the control points for two elements are at the same position, the position will be blackened when either element is selected. Thus it may look as if an element is selected when it is not.) To deselect a selected element, click the right button on one of its control points. You can continue this process as long as you hold down the shift key. When you are finished, release the shift key. Figure 7 provides a summary of the mouse button functions during selection. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.008000002 12.0 NIL) (BOX (182.0 80.0 8.0 24.0) (ROUND 2.351002 NIL) NIL 1.0 NIL)) ((.05877505 14.10601 NIL) (TEXT (144.0 . 128.0) ("left" "selects") 1.175501 (RIGHT BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((122.2521 131.6561 22.33452 14.10601) (103.4441 117.5501 41.14254 14.10601)) NIL)) ((.008000002 12.0 NIL ) (BOX (198.0 80.0 8.0 24.0) (ROUND 2.351002 NIL) NIL 1.0 NIL)) ((.008000002 12.0 NIL) (BOX (214.0 80.0 8.0 24.0) (ROUND 2.351002 NIL) NIL 1.0 NIL)) ((0.0 17.0 NIL) (WIRE ((186.0 . 108.0) (186.0 . 128.0) (152.0 . 128.0)) (ROUND 1.175501 NIL) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.05877505 14.10601 NIL) (TEXT (256.0 . 128.0) ("right" "deselects") 1.175501 (LEFT BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((256.2592 131.6561 29.38753 14.10601) (256.2592 117.5501 55.24855 14.10601)) NIL)) ((.05877505 11.75501 NIL) (TEXT (200.0 . 8.0) ( "Figure 7. 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Note on selecting elements for the Change command: The Change command uses the first selected element to determine which properties are offered for changing. The change is made to all elements that have that property. For example, if the box in figure 5 is selected before the curve, a menu of box properties (filling, dashing pattern, and size (border thickness)) is offered. If you select size, the thickness on both the box and the curve will change because thickness is a property that boxes and curves share. However, if you select filling, the curve will not be changed. 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