1 A USER'S GUIDE TO SKETCH 1 A USER'S GUIDE TO SKETCH HOW TO MANIPULATE SKETCH ELEMENTS 1 HOW TO MANIPULATE SKETCH ELEMENTS 1 4. HOW TO MANIPULATE SKETCH ELEMENTS 6 2 To Use Groups 1 The Group command collects a group of elements together. After the elements are grouped, they have a single control point at their center. This is sometimes convenient to reduce the number of control points in a diagram or to more easily duplicate common parts of a figure. The elements in a group are moved, copied, deleted, and changed together. If you want to change just one piece of a group or move one of the elements within it, you must ungroup it first (see the section To Break a Group Apart). Groups can be included to form new, larger groups. Figure 45 shows the control points for an ungrouped figure and the same figure grouped. Note: grouping does not affect the way an image looks, just the ease with which you can manipulate it. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.1 4 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)K       y f &` V P N HDBAA@@@@@@@@@ @ @@@ @ F@  F  @  F @  F y@ & F F @ @  F F@ @  F F@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@ @@@@@@@@ @@F F@@ F F@@ F@ y      } (48.0 48.0 229.0 75.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (160.0 . 48.0) ( "Figure 45. The control points for a collection of elements" "ungrouped on the left, grouped on the right") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((28.0 50.0 264.0 10.0) (57.5 40.0 205.0 10.0)) NIL))) (15.0 31.0 289.0 89.0) 1.0 8.0 To Group Elements 1 Select the Group command, move the cursor to the area containing the control points for the elements you want to group, and select the elements using the method described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. When you have selected the elements you want grouped, release the left button. The selected elements will be grouped. To Break a Group Apart 1 Select the Ungroup command, move the cursor to the control point of the group you want to ungroup, and click the left button. The selected group will be ungrouped so that its elements can be individually changed. If you select a collection of elements, only the first selected group will be ungrouped. 2 To Delete Elements 1 Pieces of a sketch can be deleted with either the Delete menu command or by using delete-selection. Sketch will delete only complete elements. It is not possible to delete single points from lines or curves. Individual characters can be deleted; see the section To Delete Characters in a Piece of ExistingText. By Delete-Selection 1 Hold down the control key. On 1108 and 1186 keyboards, this may be either the Props key or the Control key. With the control key held down, move the cursor to inside the sketch window and press the left mouse button. At this point, the selection control points will appear. Select the elements you wish to delete by moving the cursor into one of their control points and clicking the left button. You can also deselect elements with the right button and sweep out areas for selection as described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. The selected elements have their control points marked with  x}og0o}x. When you have selected the appropriate elements, release the mouse buttons, then release the Control key. The selected elements will be deleted. You can abort the deletion process by moving the cursor outside the window while holding down any mouse button. The control point selection markers will be removed and nothing will be deleted. If you delete an element by mistake, you can restore it by using the Undo command (see the section To Undo the Most Recent Command). With the Delete Command 1 Select the Delete command. At this point, the selection control points will appear. Select the element or elements you want to delete using the method described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. When you release the mouse buttons, the selected elements will be deleted. You can abort the deletion process before you release the mouse buttons by moving the cursor outside the sketch window and releasing them. If you delete an element by mistake, you can restore it by using the Undo command (see the section To Undo the Most Recent Command). 2 To Move Elements 1 There are several different ways of moving control points and elements around. Each was developed to deal with different situations. It is often possible to accomplish the same effect in several different ways, some of which are much easier than others. There are four different modes for moving that differ in what can be moved. The first mode moves a single control point, the second moves a collection of control points, the third moves one or more elements, and the fourth moves either a single control point or a collection of elements, depending upon how the selection is made. Initially, the Move item in the main menu is set up to move points and elements in the fourth mode. The other modes are accessed with a submenu to the main Move item (see figure 46). If you wish, you can set which mode will be used when the Move item in the main menu is selected (see the section To Change the Mode of the Move Command). Elements and points can also be moved using move-selection (see the section To Move an Element Using Move-Selection). Changing the mode of the Move command also affects move-selection. The commands Two Pt Transform and Three Pt Transform, described in the section To Transform Elements, will move and apply a transformation to elements in a single operation. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T)) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (152.0 . 112.0) ( "Figure 46. The Move command submenu." 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The control point marker will darken to  . Holding the left button down, move the cursor outside the control point marker. When you have moved outside, the other control points of the element (if there is more than one) will darken also. Release the button. A small window will appear at the top of the sketch window that says: Move image to its new position. Move the cursor, and the image of the element you selected will follow. (There may be a delay while the image is being computed. During this time, the cursor will change to `=x `07g.) Move the image to the place you want and click the left button. The element will be moved to the shown location. To abort the Move command, move the entire image out of the window and release the left button. If the control point you selected is the control point for more than one element, all the elements for which it is a control point will be selected when you move outside it. If this happens, deselect the elements you don't want to move using the procedure described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. Note: the image of the elements being moved may contain only part of the elements. All the displayed elements will be moved and redrawn when you release the button. To Move a Collection of Elements Using the Move Command 1 Select the Move command, move the cursor to the area containing the control points for the elements, and select the elements using the method described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. When you release the button, a small window will appear at the top of the sketch window that says: Move image to its new position. Move the cursor, and the image of the elements you selected will follow. Move the image to the place you want and click the left button. The elements will be moved to the shown locations. To abort the Move command, move the entire image out of the window and release the left button. Note: the image of the elements being moved may contain only part of the elements. All the displayed elements will be moved and redrawn when you release the button. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (336.0 . 56.0) ( "Figure 47. Result of the Move Elements command. " "The figure is made entirely of lines. The checked points were selected and " "moved to the right. Notice that all the elements with a selected control point " "were moved. 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136.0)))) (344.0 . 136.0)))) (128.4218 10.86646 466.2698 163.9847) .9878598 8.0 To Move Elements Using the Move Elements Command 1 Move the cursor over the Move command item, press the left button, and slide the cursor to the right through the triangle. The submenu shown in figure 46 will appear. Select the Move Elements command. The control points of the sketch elements will be highlighted. Select the elements using the method described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. When you release the button, a small window will appear at the top of the sketch window that says: Move image to its new position. Move the cursor, and the image of the elements you selected will follow. Move the image to the place you want and click the left button. The elements will be moved to the shown locations. To abort the Move command, move the entire image out of the window and release the left button. Note: the image of the elements being moved may contain only part of the elements. All the displayed elements will be moved and redrawn when you release the button. To Move an Element Using Move-Selection 1 Move the cursor into the sketch window and click the left button. Hold down the move key. On 1108 and 1186 keyboards, this key is marked Move; on Alto-style keyboards, you must hold down both the shift key and the Control key. With the move key or keys held down, move the cursor to inside the sketch window and press the left button. At this point, the selection control points will appear. Select the elements you wish to move by moving the cursor into one of their control points and clicking the left button. You can also deselect elements and sweep out areas for selection as described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. The selected elements have their control points marked with  ~ >. When you have selected the appropriate elements, release the buttons, then release the move key or keys. A small window will appear at the top of the sketch window that says: Move the image to its new position. Move the cursor, and the image of the elements you selected will follow. Move the image to the place you want and click the left button. The elements will be moved to the location shown. If the image doesn't appear when you release the move key, you probably forgot to click the mouse in the sketch window before you started. Note: this kind of move uses the default move mode, which you can change by following the instructions in To Change the Mode of the Move Command. To abort while selecting elements, move the cursor outside the window when any button is held down. The control point selection markers will disappear and nothing will be moved. To abort the move while positioning the image, move the entire image out of the window and release the left button. To Move a Control Point Using the Move Command 1 Select the Move command. The control point of the sketch element will be highlighted. Move the cursor into the box ( ```````) that marks the control point you wish to move and click the left button. The cursor will change to p1a AAa 1p, and the other control points of the element selected will be highlighted in gray. Move the cursor to the new location and click the left button. The control point will be moved to the new position and the element it is a part of will be redrawn. To abort the Move command, move the cursor out of the window and release the left button. If the cursor is not in the marker box both when you press the button and when you release it, the entire element will be moved. Abort the move by positioning the entire image outside the window and try this command again. If you have trouble selecting exactly in the box, you can use the Move Point command (described next). If the selected point is a control point for more than one element, only one of the elements will be affected. If you want to move all the elements, use the Move Points command. (See the section To Move a Collection of Control Points.) To Move a Control Point Using the Move Point Command 1 Move the cursor over the Move command, press the left button, and slide the cursor to the right through the triangle. The submenu shown in figure 48 will appear. Select the Move Point command. The control points of the sketch elements will be highlighted. Move the cursor into the box ( ```````) that marks the control point you wish to move and click the left button. The cursor will change to p1a AAa 1p, and the other control points of the element selected will be highlighted in gray. Move the cursor to the new location and click the left button. To abort the Move command, release the left button when the cursor is outside the window. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (136.0 . 40.0) ( "Figure 48. Result of the Move Point command." "The figure is made entirely of lines. The checked point was selected and moved" "to the right. Notice that just one of the elements for which the selected point is" "a control point was moved. Compare this with the result of the Move Elements" "command in figure 47 and the Move Points command in figure 49") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((28.0 57.0 216.0 10.0) (-48.5 47.0 369.0 10.0) (-47.5 37.0 367.0 10.0) (-46.5 27.0 365.0 10.0) (-15.5 17.0 303.0 10.0)) NIL)) ((.069 126.0 NIL) (GROUP ( 34.0 82.0 252.0 69.0) (((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((40.0 . 120.0) (40.0 . 88.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 12.0 NIL) (WIRE ((40.0 . 88.0) (64.0 . 88.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) (( .012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (34.0 82.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (36.0 84.0 8.0 8.0 ) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (40.0 . 88.0))) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((64.0 . 88.0) (64.0 . 120.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (58.0 82.0 12.0 12.0) ((( .008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (60.0 84.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (64.0 . 88.0))) ((0.0 20.0 NIL) (WIRE ((64.0 . 88.0) (104.0 . 104.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((104.0 . 136.0) (104.0 . 104.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) ( GROUP (98.0 98.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (100.0 100.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (104.0 . 104.0))) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (34.0 114.0 12.0 12.0) ((( .008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (36.0 116.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (40.0 . 120.0))) ((0.0 20.0 NIL) (WIRE ((40.0 . 120.0) (80.0 . 136.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 12.0 NIL) (WIRE ((64.0 . 120.0) (40.0 . 120.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (58.0 114.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (60.0 116.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (64.0 . 120.0))) ((0.0 20.0 NIL) (WIRE ((64.0 . 120.0) (104.0 . 136.0)) ( ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (74.0 130.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL ) (BOX (76.0 132.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (80.0 . 136.0))) ((0.0 12.0 NIL) (WIRE ((80.0 . 136.0) (104.0 . 136.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP ( 98.0 130.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (100.0 132.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (104.0 . 136.0))) ((.015 9.0 NIL) (GROUP (110.0 133.0 15.0 18.0) (((0.0 6.0 NIL ) (WIRE ((113.0 . 141.0) (116.0 . 136.0) (122.0 . 148.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (117.5 . 142.0))) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((176.0 . 120.0) (176.0 . 88.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 12.0 NIL) (WIRE ((200.0 . 120.0) (176.0 . 120.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (170.0 114.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (172.0 116.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (176.0 . 120.0))) ((0.0 20.0 NIL) (WIRE ((176.0 . 120.0) ( 216.0 . 136.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 12.0 NIL) (WIRE ((176.0 . 88.0) (200.0 . 88.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (170.0 82.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (172.0 84.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (176.0 . 88.0))) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (194.0 82.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (196.0 84.0 8.0 8.0) ( ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (200.0 . 88.0))) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((200.0 . 88.0) (200.0 . 120.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 20.0 NIL) (WIRE ((200.0 . 88.0) (240.0 . 104.0)) ( ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((240.0 . 136.0) (240.0 . 104.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (234.0 98.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX ( 236.0 100.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (240.0 . 104.0))) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (194.0 114.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (196.0 116.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (200.0 . 120.0))) ((0.0 20.0 NIL) (WIRE ((200.0 . 120.0) (240.0 . 136.0)) ( ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (210.0 130.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (212.0 132.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (216.0 . 136.0))) ((0.0 32.0 NIL) (WIRE ((216.0 . 136.0) (280.0 . 144.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) ( GROUP (234.0 130.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (236.0 132.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (240.0 . 136.0))) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (274.0 138.0 12.0 12.0) ((( .008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (276.0 140.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (280.0 . 144.0) ))) (160.0 . 120.0)))) (-56.0 12.0 381.0 139.0) 1.0 8.0 A point can also be moved with the Move command. However, the Move Point subcommand provides an easier method of selecting a point because you cannot mistakenly select the whole element. To Move a Collection of Control Points 1 Move the cursor over the Move command, press the left button, and slide the cursor to the right through the triangle. The submenu shown in figure 46 will appear. Select the Move Points command. The control points of the sketch elements will be highlighted. Select the control points using the method described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. When you release the button, a small window will appear at the top of the sketch window that says: Move image to its new position. Move the cursor, and an image of the part of the figure containing the points you selected will follow. The image will not redraw itself as you move the cursor. Move the image to the place you want and click the left button. The control points will be moved to the shown locations and any elements they are part of will be redrawn. To abort the Move command, release the left button when the entire image is outside the window. Note: in rare situations, the image may be empty. If you move the cursor to the right place and release the left button, the selected points will be moved as usual. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((64.0 . 88.0) ( 64.0 . 120.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((40.0 . 120.0) (40.0 . 88.0) ) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 12.0 NIL) (WIRE ((40.0 . 88.0) (64.0 . 88.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 12.0 NIL) (WIRE ((64.0 . 120.0) (40.0 . 120.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0) ) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (58.0 82.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (60.0 84.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (64.0 . 88.0))) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (58.0 114.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (60.0 116.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (64.0 . 120.0))) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (34.0 114.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX ( 36.0 116.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (40.0 . 120.0))) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP ( 34.0 82.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (36.0 84.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (40.0 . 88.0))) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((176.0 . 120.0) (176.0 . 88.0)) (ROUND 1 0 ) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 12.0 NIL) (WIRE ((200.0 . 120.0) (176.0 . 120.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (170.0 114.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (172.0 116.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (176.0 . 120.0))) ((0.0 12.0 NIL) (WIRE ((176.0 . 88.0) (200.0 . 88.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (170.0 82.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (172.0 84.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (176.0 . 88.0))) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (194.0 82.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX ( 196.0 84.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (200.0 . 88.0))) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE (( 200.0 . 88.0) (200.0 . 120.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (194.0 114.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (196.0 116.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (200.0 . 120.0))) ((0.0 20.0 NIL) (WIRE ((40.0 . 120.0) (80.0 . 136.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 12.0 NIL) (WIRE ((80.0 . 136.0) (104.0 . 136.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) (( .012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (74.0 130.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (76.0 132.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (80.0 . 136.0))) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((104.0 . 136.0) ( 104.0 . 104.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 20.0 NIL) (WIRE ((64.0 . 120.0) (104.0 . 136.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (98.0 130.0 12.0 12.0) ((( .008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (100.0 132.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (104.0 . 136.0) )) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (98.0 98.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (100.0 100.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (104.0 . 104.0))) ((0.0 20.0 NIL) (WIRE ((64.0 . 88.0 ) (104.0 . 104.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.015 9.0 NIL) (GROUP (110.0 97.0 15.0 18.0) (((0.0 6.0 NIL) (WIRE ((113.0 . 105.0) (116.0 . 100.0) (122.0 . 112.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (117.5 . 106.0))) ((.015 9.0 NIL) (GROUP (110.0 133.0 15.0 18.0) (((0.0 6.0 NIL) ( WIRE ((113.0 . 141.0) (116.0 . 136.0) (122.0 . 148.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (117.5 . 142.0))) ((.015 9.0 NIL) (GROUP (84.0 140.0 15.0 18.0) (((0.0 6.0 NIL) (WIRE ((87.0 . 148.0) (90.0 . 143.0) (96.0 . 155.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (91.5 . 149.0))) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (234.0 130.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (236.0 132.0 8.0 8.0) ( ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (240.0 . 136.0))) ((0.0 32.0 NIL) (WIRE ((176.0 . 120.0) (240.0 . 136.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 12.0 NIL) (WIRE ((240.0 . 136.0) (264.0 . 136.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((264.0 . 136.0) (264.0 . 104.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP (258.0 130.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (260.0 132.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (264.0 . 136.0))) ((0.0 32.0 NIL) ( WIRE ((200.0 . 120.0) (264.0 . 136.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.012 6.0 NIL) (GROUP ( 258.0 98.0 12.0 12.0) (((.008000002 4.0 NIL) (BOX (260.0 100.0 8.0 8.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0 NIL))) (264.0 . 104.0))) ((0.0 32.0 NIL) (WIRE ((200.0 . 88.0) (264.0 . 104.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (136.0 . 40.0) ( "Figure 49. Result of the Move Points command." "The figure is made entirely of lines. The checked points were selected and" "moved to the right. Notice that just the selected control points were moved." "Compare this with the behavior of the Move Elements command in " "figure 47 and the Move Point command in figure 48") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((26.0 57.0 220.0 10.0) (-36.5 47.0 345.0 10.0) (-40.5 37.0 353.0 10.0) (-20.0 27.0 312.0 10.0) (16.0 17.0 240.0 10.0)) NIL)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((32.0 . 16.0) (32.0 . 16.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (-71.0 13.0 409.0 145.0) 1.0 8.0 When a point is moved, all the elements that have a control point at that location are affected. This is illustrated in figure 49. This is often what is desired, as when an arrow is coming out from a box (see figure 1). If you want to move the control point of only one element, use the Move Point command to separate the two points. To Move Control Points Onto the Closest Grid Position 1 Move the cursor over the Move command item, press the left button, and slide the cursor to the right through the triangle. The submenu shown in figure 46 will appear. Select the Move Onto Grid command. The control points of the sketch elements will be highlighted. Select the elements using the method described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. When you release the button, all the control points of the selected elements will be moved to the nearest grid point. This is useful for aligning elements that are copied from another sketch that had a different grid. Note: the Move Onto Grid command may change the way a sketch looks because all points are placed on the nearest grid point regardless of where other points in that element are placed. For example, if the Move Onto Grid command is applied to a small circle when a large grid is being used, both the center point and the radius point may end up on the same point, creating a circle of radius zero. For more information on the grid, see To Use the Grid Display. To Separate Two Control Points That Are at the Same Position 1 When the control points for two different elements are at the same position, there is no way to select one without getting the other. If you want to move only one point, use the Move Point subcommand on the position and specify a destination that is away from other points. This will move the control point for one of the elements. If it is the wrong point, use the Move Point subcommand repeatedly until the right control point is found. Move it to the desired location and move the other points back, or undo those moves with the Undo? command. To Change the Mode of the Move Command 1 Move the cursor over the Defaults command item, press the left button, and slide the cursor to the right through the triangle. The submenu shown in figure 50 will appear. Place the cursor over Set Move Command Mode. Still holding the left button down, slide to the right. The second submenu shown in figure 50 will appear. Select the Points command to make the Move command and move-selection do what the Move Points command does. Select the Elements command to make the Move command and move-selection do what the Move Elements command does. Select the Combined command to reset the Move command to its initial behavior; that is, to move a single point or a collection of elements, and to set move-selection to do what Move Elements does. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (168.0 . 56.0) ( "Figure 50. Set Move Command Mode" "is on a submenu of the Move command ") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) ( MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((82.5 58.0 171.0 10.0) (77.0 48.0 182.0 10.0)) NIL)) (( .1 4.0 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)WUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUURUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUURꪪ*UUUUUUUUUU@95UUUUUUUURUUUUUUUUUU@95UUUUUUUUR?*?Ϙπ*UUUUUUUUUU@?5UUUUUUUURUUUUUUUUUU@6͘5UUUUUUUUR6͟*6͘*UUUUUUUUUU@05UUUUUUUURUUUUUUUUUU@0χÀ5UUUUUUUUR**UUUUUUUUUU@5UUUUUUUURUUUUUUUUUU@5UUUUUUUUR0*0`*UUUUUUUUUU@`5UUUUUUUURUUUUUUUUUU@5UUUUUUUUR͌1a*mٌ1a*UUUUUUUUUU@m1`5UUUUUUUURUUUUUUUUUU@mـ1` 5UUUUUUUUR q͌1m* p18*UUUUUUUUUU@5UUUUUUUURUUUUUUUUUU@5UUUUUUUUR*@*@5UUUUUUUUR@0`5UUUUUUUUR@0`*σ@0*@1ma5UUUUUUUUR@mٌ1ma5UUUUUUUUR@m1m`*@mـ1m` *@ q1mm5UUUUUUUUR@ p0l85UUUUUUUUR@*@*@5UUUUUUUUR5UUUUUUUUR19*19*?5UUUUUUUUR9?ϘπϏ5UUUUUUUUR999?*I99@6͘*I96͟5UUUUUUUURI9?6͘5UUUUUUUURy990*yǃ0χÏ*5UUUUUUUUR5UUUUUUUUR*@*<@5UUUUUUUURf@5UUUUUUUUR@| @0π@ @0ٜ@ Rf 6 6@ ` Rl@6 φ6@ ` < @6 6@ gǏ f8@66@ lac ` R<|@φ6@ac R@@ ac @@ ac` `@@ acl` R@@ a R@@ @@ @@ Rπ@@ Rٜ@ٜO @ 6L Ϙ@ φ6L R٘@ 6LR ٘@6O{lnc jπ@φ6L{llc @LocR@Ll cmR@L{llcljgaʢx?3 Rs R0s 0y0?8 p885 %0|s?󓄄1䓓 mRHR03䓜3󄄟3䓓F` mRȉR0䓜3󄄘3䓓` jU0s䓜3󄄓3䓓ǏԎ%0s瓞s󓄄3䓓 {nallR0x8>?>p8$87 {lallmR {laojl{lal jl{nallRogR* * 5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU@ R``5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR``*``*``5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR``5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR``**5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR**5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR*8*ps5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUURp*8*5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR`5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR**5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUR* *} (0.0 80.0 337.0 134.0) 1.0 (0 . 0)))) (-12.0 45.0 368.0 175.0) 1.0 8.0 2 To Copy Elements 1 There are two different ways to copy elements in a sketch: by using the Copy command and by using copy-selection. Additionally, the commands Copy W/2 Pt Trans and Copy W/3 Pt Trans (described below in the section To Transform Elements) will copy and apply a transformation to elements in a single operation. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T)) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (152.0 . 128.0) ( "Figure 51. The Copy command and its submenu." "The Copy Elements subcommand does the same" "thing as the Copy command in the main menu") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((40.5 135.0 223.0 10.0) (41.0 125.0 222.0 10.0) (46.0 115.0 212.0 10.0)) NIL)) ((.1 4 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)NUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUXUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUXUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX*5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX*5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUXσ*5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX*5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX*X@ @ X@` @ ` X@ ` @ nl` a{lnc ` X@ lf` a{llc @ lfoc X|| @ llc l c` @lnc a{llcl` Xl ga l@  Xl @  8@  X|8|@ Cg XF`l` L`` X```Ǐʨ nl`acllmX lf`a cl 9 lfc cgX?9llcc c `j?99lncf c`f lmX?99Cgʨ?99  X999  9  Xà ?g X?`l` ?`` XL```ǏʨL nl`acllmX L lf`a` cl L lfc` cgXπLllcc ` c `jٜFlncf `c`f lmXCgʨϘ@  X٘@  ٘@  Xπ5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX*5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX*5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX*5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX*5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX *5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX*5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX* 5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX*5UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUX*} (40.0 152.0 237.0 76.0) 1.0 (0 . 0)))) (20.0 103.0 262.0 130.0) 1.0 8.0 To Copy an Element Using the Copy Command 1 Select the Copy command. The control points for all the elements will be marked with  ```````. Select the element or elements you wish to copy using the method described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. When you release the button, a small window will appear at the top of the sketch window that says: Move the figure into place and press the left button. Move the cursor, and a copy of the image of the selected element will follow. Move the image to the place you want and click the left button. The element will be copied to the shown location. To abort the Copy command, move the entire image out of the window and release the left button. Note: the image of an element being copied may contain only part of the element. All the displayed elements will be copied when you release the button. To Copy an Element Using Copy-Selection 1 Move the cursor into the sketch window and click the left button. Hold down the copy key. On 1108 and 1186 keyboards, this can be either shift key or the Copy key; on Alto-style keyboards, it is either shift key. With the copy key held down, move the cursor to inside the sketch window and press the left button. Now the selection control points will appear. Select the element(s) you wish to copy by moving the cursor into one of the control points and clicking the left button. You can also deselect elements and sweep out areas for selection as described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. The selected elements have their control points marked with  ઠ````. While selecting elements, you can abort the copy by moving the cursor outside the window when any button is held down. The control point selection markers will be removed and nothing will be copied. When you have selected the appropriate elements, release the buttons, then release the copy key. When you release the copy key, a small window will appear at the top of the sketch window that says: Move the figure into place and press the left button. Move the cursor, and a copy of the image of the selected element or elements will follow. Move the image to the place you want and click the left button. The element will be copied to the shown location. To abort the Copy command, release the left button when the entire image is outside the window. If the image doesn't appear when you release the copy key, you probably forgot to click the mouse in the sketch window before you started. To Copy an Element From One Sketch to Another 1 This procedure is the same as the one described above in the section To Copy an Element Using Copy-Selection, except for where you click the button first. Click the left button with the cursor in the sketch window you want the element(s) to be copied into (the destination window). Press and hold the copy key, move the cursor into the window from which the elements are to be copied (the source window), select them, release the copy key, and move the cursor back into the destination window. An image of the element will move with the cursor. Position the image where you want the element to be and click the left button. The element will be inserted. 2 To Transform Elements 1 Sketch can scale, rotate, reflect (as in a mirror), and stretch elements. The transformations can be done with either a move operation or a copy operation. Translation, scaling, and rotation are accomplished by a two-point transformation. It is so called because it is specified by two points in the current coordinate system that are mapped into two points in the new transformed coordinate system. (It's easier, and more important, to achieve effects with these commands than to understand how they work. The best thing for you to do is to try several examples.) Figure 52 shows a copying operation done with a two-point transformation that results in translation, scaling, and rotation. 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((248.0 . 224.0) (224.0 . 108.0)) (ROUND .5687828 0) NIL (2 3) 1.0)) ((0.0 32.0 NIL) (WIRE ((224.0 . 108.0) (160.0 . 168.0)) (ROUND .5687828 0) NIL (2 3) 1.0))) (57.0 68.0 387.0 187.0) 1.0 4.0 When an object is scaled by a transformation, the thickness of the line is scaled as well. On the display, this difference may not be apparent because all thicknesses less than one point are displayed as one. In printed copy, however, the transformed elements will have a thinner line. If this is not desirable, use the command described in the section To Change the Size of a Line to change the size to one. To Make an Element Larger or Smaller 1 Move the cursor over the Copy command, press the left button, and slide out the right through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 54 will appear. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (LEFT BASELINE) ( LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (144.0 . 136.0) ( "Figure 54. Submenu for the Copy command" "showing the transformation subcommands") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((43.0 138.0 202.0 10.0) (44.5 128.0 199.0 10.0)) NIL)) ((.1 4.0 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)E UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU l UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 0` <0` l0 1a<x 1af0 <1a0 1a||}|| 1mǶ0 08fǶ0 l0| <0 f8Ƕ6 <||}||   D` g ll`T<| lf`f00 lfT 00 lf| |x| lc`D 00v gÇf00` l0000`|| <0`00` f8`66` <|``~| ? | ` 03\ 󑓟<| 󓙟Tf00 ? 00 󓓜?\| |x| <00v 80>|f00` l000`|| <000` f8`66` <|`|`~| y ̀ `  ͙͝UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  ͍UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU y UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU ? } (24.0 152.0 237.0 63.0) 1.0 (0 . 0)) )) (8.0 120.0 273.0 95.0) 1.0 8.0 Select the Copy W/2 Pt Trans item. Select the elements using the method described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. When you release the mouse buttons, the cursor will change to p1a AAa 1p. Select two points. These two points identify a line segment in the sketch that will be transformed; they will be marked PT1 and PT2. When scaling, it is convenient to have these points be vertical or horizontal. Select two more points. These two points identify a second segment. The transformation performed on the selected elements will be the one that maps the first selected segment into the second. For this to be a scaling transformation, the second line must be parallel to the first. Figure 55 shows the scaling of a collection of elements. If the second two points are closer together than the first, the elements will shrink. If the second two points are farther apart than the first, the elements will grow. If they are the same distance apart, the elements will be the same size. In this case what you have done is to copy the elements, which you can do more easily using the Copy command. To abort the Copy W/2 Pt Trans command, select a point outside the window. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.014 7.0 NIL) (GROUP (201.0 113.0 14.0 14.0) (((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((208.0 . 124.0) (208.0 . 116.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((204.0 . 120.0) (212.0 . 120.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (208.0 . 120.0))) ((.05873163 29.49349 NIL) (GROUP (180.1895 129.5037 58.98697 58.73163) (((0.0 14.44254 NIL) (WIRE ((197.6055 . 150.7427) (217.1454 . 150.7427) (206.9507 . 179.6278) ( 197.6055 . 150.7427)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 25.48685 NIL) (WIRE ((203.5524 . 188.1234) (186.5612 . 137.1497)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 25.48685 NIL) (WIRE (( 203.5524 . 188.1234) (212.048 . 188.1234) (232.4375 . 137.1497)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.247811 NIL) (WIRE ((193.3577 . 137.1497) (195.9064 . 145.6453)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 11.0443 NIL) (WIRE ((195.9064 . 145.6453) (217.995 . 145.6453)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((186.5612 . 137.1497) (184.7802 . 134.2223) ( 181.4638 . 133.7515)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((197.6055 . 133.7515) (193.3781 . 134.3656) (193.3577 . 137.1497)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 8.070839 NIL) (WIRE ((181.4638 . 133.7515) (181.4638 . 130.3532) (197.6055 . 130.3532) ( 197.6055 . 133.7515)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 11.46909 NIL) (WIRE ((238.3845 . 130.3532) (215.4463 . 130.3532) (215.4463 . 133.7515) (215.4463 . 133.7515)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((215.4463 . 133.7515) (219.8886 . 134.3656) (220.5437 . 137.1497)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.247811 NIL) (WIRE ((217.995 . 145.6453) ( 220.5437 . 137.1497)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((232.4375 . 137.1497) (234.5051 . 134.2223) (238.3845 . 133.7515)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((238.3845 . 133.7515) (238.3845 . 130.3532)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) ( 210.3489 . 159.2383))) ((.05873163 29.49349 NIL) (GROUP (32.72213 128.1562 101.0531 100.3748) (((0.0 24.55233 NIL) (WIRE ((62.32936 . 164.2626) (95.54722 . 164.2626) (78.21617 . 213.3673) (62.32936 . 164.2626)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 43.32765 NIL) (WIRE ((72.43914 . 227.8098) (43.55404 . 141.1545)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 43.32765 NIL) (WIRE (( 72.43914 . 227.8098) (86.88168 . 227.8098) (121.5438 . 141.1545)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 7.22128 NIL) (WIRE ((55.10808 . 141.1545) (59.44086 . 155.5971)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 18.77531 NIL) (WIRE ((59.44086 . 155.5971) (96.99148 . 155.5971)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.332766 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((43.55404 . 141.1545) (40.52631 . 136.1779) ( 34.88851 . 135.3775)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((62.32936 . 135.3775) (55.14286 . 136.4215) (55.10808 . 141.1545)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 13.72042 NIL) (WIRE ((34.88851 . 135.3775) (34.88851 . 129.6005) (62.32936 . 129.6005) ( 62.32936 . 135.3775)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 19.49744 NIL) (WIRE ((131.6536 . 129.6005) (92.65872 . 129.6005) (92.65872 . 135.3775) (92.65872 . 135.3775)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.332762 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((92.65872 . 135.3775) (100.2106 . 136.4215) ( 101.3242 . 141.1545)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 7.22128 NIL) (WIRE ((96.99148 . 155.5971) (101.3242 . 141.1545)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 5.054894 NIL) (OPENCURVE ( (121.5438 . 141.1545) (125.0587 . 136.1779) (131.6536 . 135.3775)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((131.6536 . 135.3775) (131.6536 . 129.6005)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (83.9932 . 178.7051))) ((.014 7.0 NIL) (GROUP (73.0 105.0 14.0 14.0) (((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((80.0 . 116.0) (80.0 . 108.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE (( 76.0 . 112.0) (84.0 . 112.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (80.0 . 112.0))) ((.014 7.0 NIL) ( GROUP (201.0 193.0 14.0 14.0) (((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((208.0 . 204.0) (208.0 . 196.0)) ( ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((204.0 . 200.0) (212.0 . 200.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (208.0 . 200.0))) ((.014 7.0 NIL) (GROUP (73.0 241.0 14.0 14.0) (((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((80.0 . 252.0) (80.0 . 244.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ( (76.0 . 248.0) (84.0 . 248.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (80.0 . 248.0))) ((.05 10.0 NIL) ( TEXT (136.0 . 88.0) ("Figure 55. Example of scaling with a two-point transformation." "The line through the first two points is parallel to the line through the second two") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((-11.0 90.0 294.0 10.0) (-53.0 80.0 378.0 10.0)) NIL))) (-55.0 77.0 389.0 178.0) 1.0 8.0 The Two Pt Transform subcommand to the Move command is used in a similar fashion. It moves the selected elements rather than copying them. To Rotate an Element 1 Move the cursor over the Copy command, press the left button, and slide out the right through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 54 will appear. Select the Copy W/2 Pt Trans item. Select the elements using the method described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. When you release the mouse buttons, the cursor will change to p1a AAa 1p. Select two points. These two points identify a line segment in the sketch that will be transformed. They will be marked PT1 and PT2. Select two more points. These two points identify a second segment. The transformation performed on the selected elements will be the one that maps the first selected segment into the second. For this to be a rotation transformation, the second line must be the same length as the first. If not, the elements will be scaled as well as rotated. Figure 56 shows the rotation of a collection of elements. After you have selected the fourth point, a rotated copy of the selected elements will be added. To abort this command, select a point outside the window. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.014 7.0 NIL) (GROUP (193.0 129.0 14.0 14.0) (((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((200.0 . 140.0) (200.0 . 132.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((196.0 . 136.0) (204.0 . 136.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (200.0 . 136.0))) ((.01146544 70.64393 NIL) (GROUP (32.72213 128.1562 101.0531 100.3748) (((0.0 24.55233 NIL) (WIRE ((62.32936 . 164.2626) (95.54722 . 164.2626) (78.21617 . 213.3673) ( 62.32936 . 164.2626)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 43.32765 NIL) (WIRE ((72.43914 . 227.8098) (43.55404 . 141.1545)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 43.32765 NIL) (WIRE (( 72.43914 . 227.8098) (86.88168 . 227.8098) (121.5438 . 141.1545)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 7.22128 NIL) (WIRE ((55.10808 . 141.1545) (59.44086 . 155.5971)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 18.77531 NIL) (WIRE ((59.44086 . 155.5971) (96.99148 . 155.5971)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.332766 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((43.55404 . 141.1545) (40.52631 . 136.1779) ( 34.88851 . 135.3775)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((62.32936 . 135.3775) (55.14286 . 136.4215) (55.10808 . 141.1545)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 13.72042 NIL) (WIRE ((34.88851 . 135.3775) (34.88851 . 129.6005) (62.32936 . 129.6005) ( 62.32936 . 135.3775)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 19.49744 NIL) (WIRE ((131.6536 . 129.6005) (92.65872 . 129.6005) (92.65872 . 135.3775) (92.65872 . 135.3775)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.332762 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((92.65872 . 135.3775) (100.2106 . 136.4215) ( 101.3242 . 141.1545)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 7.22128 NIL) (WIRE ((96.99148 . 155.5971) (101.3242 . 141.1545)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 5.054894 NIL) (OPENCURVE ( (121.5438 . 141.1545) (125.0587 . 136.1779) (131.6536 . 135.3775)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((131.6536 . 135.3775) (131.6536 . 129.6005)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (83.9932 . 178.7051))) ((.014 7.0 NIL) (GROUP (73.0 241.0 14.0 14.0) (((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((80.0 . 252.0) (80.0 . 244.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE (( 76.0 . 248.0) (84.0 . 248.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (80.0 . 248.0))) ((.014 7.0 NIL) ( GROUP (281.0 233.0 14.0 14.0) (((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((288.0 . 244.0) (288.0 . 236.0)) ( ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((284.0 . 240.0) (292.0 . 240.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (288.0 . 240.0))) ((.014 7.0 NIL) (GROUP (73.0 105.0 14.0 14.0) (((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((80.0 . 116.0) (80.0 . 108.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ( (76.0 . 112.0) (84.0 . 112.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (80.0 . 112.0))) ((.01146544 70.64393 NIL) (GROUP (174.3004 178.9463 141.2879 11.46544) (((0.0 24.38242 NIL) (WIRE (( 220.3042 . 187.3995) (245.706 . 165.9055) (264.2265 . 214.6704) (220.3042 . 187.3995)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 39.07984 NIL) (WIRE ((269.1539 . 229.4528) (190.9943 . 181.8773)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 49.01972 NIL) (WIRE ((269.1539 . 229.4528) (280.1982 . 220.1076) (250.6335 . 131.4133)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 6.329239 NIL) (WIRE (( 199.8297 . 174.4012) (212.4882 . 182.6419)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 14.35758 NIL) ( WIRE ((212.4882 . 182.6419) (241.2034 . 158.3444)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 5.18232 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((190.9943 . 181.8773) (185.4588 . 180.0308) (180.6296 . 183.0667)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.545151 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((201.6138 . 165.3109) (196.7938 . 170.7593) (199.8297 . 174.4012)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 12.36112 NIL) (WIRE (( 180.6296 . 183.0667) (176.8915 . 178.649) (197.8757 . 160.8931) (201.6138 . 165.3109)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 14.90981 NIL) (WIRE ((250.8883 . 116.0363) (221.0687 . 141.2683) (224.8068 . 145.686) (224.8068 . 145.686)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 5.182328 NIL) ( OPENCURVE ((224.8068 . 145.686) (231.2573 . 141.5978) (235.1715 . 144.4966)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 6.923928 NIL) (WIRE ((241.2034 . 158.3444) (235.1715 . 144.4966)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 5.479672 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((250.6335 . 131.4133) (250.1012 . 125.3333) (254.6264 . 120.454)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 4.0 NIL) (WIRE ((254.6264 . 120.454) (250.8883 . 116.0363)) (ROUND 1.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0))) (246.2158 . 184.426))) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (160.0 . 80.0) ( "Figure 56. Example of rotation with a two-point transformation." "The distance between the two points on the left" "is same as the distance between the two on the right") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((9.5 87.0 301.0 10.0) (48.5 77.0 223.0 10.0) (38.0 67.0 244.0 10.0)) NIL ))) (-15.0 65.0 351.0 190.0) 1.0 8.0 To Stretch or Reflect an Element 1 Move the cursor over the Copy command, press the left button, and slide out the right through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 54 will appear. Select the Copy W/3 Pt Trans item. Select the elements using the method described in the section To Select Sketch Elements. When you release the mouse buttons, the cursor will change to p1a AAa 1p. Select three points. These three points identify a triangle in the sketch that will be transformed. They will be marked PT1, PT2, and PT3. Select three more points. These three points identify a second triangle. The transformation performed on the selected elements will be the one that maps the first specified triangle into the second. Figures 57, 58, and 59 give some examples of using three-point transformation. To abort this command, select a point outside the window. The Three Pt Transform subcommand to the Move command is used in a similar fashion, but moves the selected elements rather than copying them. 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Example of a three-point transformation." "Note that the text is just scaled and repositioned ") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((21.5 58.0 245.0 10.0) (30.5 48.0 227.0 10.0)) NIL))) (1.0 19.0 284.0 185.0) 1.0 8.0 2 To Recover if You Make a Mistake 1 Sketch keeps track of the last 30 changes you have made. Thus, if you recognize that you do not like a change, you can direct Sketch to undo it. Advanced user note: the number of changes that are remembered is determined by the variable SKETCH.#.UNDO.ITEMS. If you wish to save more or fewer changes, you can set SKETCH.#.UNDO.ITEMS to a larger or smaller number. To change it to 50, for example, type (SETQ SKETCH.#.UNDO.ITEMS 50) into the Interlisp Executive window. To Undo the Most Recent Command 1 Select the Undo command from the command menu. Selecting it again will undo the most recent not-yet-undone command. Thus, to undo the previous four commands, select Undo four times. To Undo an Earlier Command 1 Move the cursor to over the Undo menu command, press and hold the left button, and roll the cursor out the right side of the menu. A menu containing the items ?Undo and Undo will appear. Select the ?Undo item. A menu listing the previous commands, similar to the one shown in figure 60, will appear. The events are listed in order, with the most recent event placed at the top. Select the command that you wish to be undone. If the selected graphical element has been changed more than once, the changes to it must be undone in reverse order. If you try to undo them out of order, the message Element subsequently modified, can't undo will appear in a small window above the sketch window. Events that have already been undone are preceded by an asterisk (*). Selecting one of these commands will not change anything, but prints the message That event has already been undone. Undo events are included in the menu and can be selected. Selecting an undo event restores the effect of the command that was undone by it. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (136.0 . 56.0) ( "Figure 60. 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