1 A USER'S GUIDE TO SKETCH 1 A USER'S GUIDE TO SKETCH HOW TO MANIPULATE THE SKETCH DISPLAY 1 HOW TO MANIPULATE THE SKETCH DISPLAY 1 5. HOW TO MANIPULATE THE SKETCH DISPLAY 6 The first part of this chapter, ййTo Display Different Parts of a Sketch,╣╣ explains how the sketch display works and how to move to, and/or change the scale of, different parts of a sketch window. It also gives some general information about using the window. The second part, ййTo Find Your Way Around in a Sketch,╣╣ tells you how to keep track of which region of a sketch a window is viewing. The third and final part, ййTo Use the Grid Display,╣╣ explains how to use a special type of display to align parts of a sketch. 2 To Display Different Parts of a Sketch 1 To Use the Sketch Display 1 Each sketch has a world coordinate space, which is similar to a sheet of graph paper. The position of each sketch element (such as a line or circle) is given by numeric values in this space. For example, the sketch below has a collection of five elements with coordinates between 0 and 200. The coordinate system for a sketch extends indefinitely in both positive and negative directions. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 6) NIL LAST (CENTER CENTER) NIL T)) ((0.0 68.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((184.0 . 368.0) ( 192.0 . 328.0) (248.0 . 352.0) (256.0 . 304.0) (320.0 . 376.0)) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (144.0 . 368.0) ("96") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (HELVETICA 10) ((137.0 366.0 14.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (144.0 . 336.0) ("64") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (HELVETICA 10) ((137.0 334.0 14.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (144.0 . 304.0) ("32") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (HELVETICA 10) ((137.0 302.0 14.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (288.0 . 256.0) ("128") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (HELVETICA 10) ((278.0 254.0 21.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (256.0 . 256.0) ("96") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (HELVETICA 10) ((249.0 254.0 14.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (224.0 . 256.0) ("64") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (HELVETICA 10) ((217.0 254.0 14.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (192.0 . 256.0) ("32") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (HELVETICA 10) ((185.0 254.0 14.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (144.0 . 400.0) ("128") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (HELVETICA 10) ((134.0 398.0 21.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((0.0 6.0 NIL) (WIRE ((154.0 . 244.0) (166.0 . 244.0)) (ROUND 1 0) (NIL (LINE 30.0 6.0) T) NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 6.0 NIL) (WIRE ((128.0 . 270.0) (128.0 . 282.0)) (ROUND 1 0) (NIL (LINE 30.0 6.0) T) NIL 1.0)) ((.005333334 16.0 NIL) (CIRCLE (224.0 . 368.0) (240.0 . 368.0) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((240.0 . 336.0) (264.0 . 368.0) (264.0 . 360.0)) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 24.0 NIL) (WIRE ((232.0 . 320.0) (280.0 . 352.0)) (ROUND 2.0 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.05 13.0 NIL) (TEXT (144.0 . 240.0) ("X") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (HELVETICA 10) ((140.0 238.0 9.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((.05 13.0 NIL) (TEXT (128.0 . 256.0 ) ("Y") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (HELVETICA 10) ((124.0 254.0 9.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((0.0 108.0 NIL) (WIRE ((134.0 . 272.0) (350.0 . 272.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((0.0 83.0 NIL) (WIRE (( 160.0 . 250.0) (160.0 . 416.0)) (ROUND 1 0) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (160.0 . 256.0) (" 0") 1.0 (LEFT BASELINE) (HELVETICA 10) ((160.0 254.0 10.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (144.0 . 272.0) ("0") 1.0 (CENTER BOTTOM) (HELVETICA 10) ((141.0 272.0 7.0 12.0) ) NIL)) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (240.0 . 226.0) ("Figure 61. A sketch and its coordinate system") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((135.0 223.0 210.0 10.0)) NIL))) (124.0 221.0 230.0 198.0) 1.0 2.0 A sketch is viewed and edited inside a window. A window shows a region of the coordinate space of a sketch and displays any of the elements or pieces of elements that are in that region. The region is determined by the window's scale, its size, and the values of its left and bottom coordinates. If a window has a scale of 1.0 and left and bottom coordinates of 0, it is said to be in the home position. This is where all sketch windows are positioned when they are created. Figure 62 shows a window onto the example sketch in its home view. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T)) ((.1 4 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)┴Я А ▀ ■ffffffffffАю √ ┐√¤№╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠Аю▄э│п╬СЯч°╖1Э9ЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩАї█mнП╢[o█ўо█l╗3333333333Аї╪jб┐╢█oу∙О}╛ffffffffffА√█ўo┐╢█o█■╢√m╝╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠А√▄wq┐╬┘Я┼ё╗Э╣ЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩА √3333333333А АААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААА№АА ААА~рААЁЁАА└<ААААААААААААА└АА8└└АА0└└АА0└АААpрААА``АА``<АА```|АА```ьАА```▄8АА```ШpАА`pрШрАА`0└8└АА`0└0АААр8└0ААА└АpАА└А8`АА└pАА└рАА└А└8АА└└<└0АА└ЁЁАЁАА└~рч рААА Г ■рАААА№└<рАААА>ААА°АААр>8ААААvpААА>ц└<ААА°╟АxАААр├`ААААГрАААp└ААА<рААААЁАААААрААААААА88АА└<pр8АА└Ё`└0АА└рpАА└АрААр>;└ААp°s└АА8р├ААА?АГАА№ААрААp8ААрpАААрАА└АА└АА8ААА`АА`АААА8ААpААрАА└АААААААААААА8АААpААБрАА├└АА АА~АА0ААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААА А} (48.0 88.0 211.0 171.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (144.0 . 64.0) ("scale = 1.0" "left = 0" "bottom = 0") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((116.0 73.0 56.0 12.0) (123.0 61.0 42.0 12.0) (114.0 49.0 60.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((.05 11.0 NIL) ( TEXT (144.0 . 40.0) ("Figure 62. Home view") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((93.5 37.0 101.0 10.0)) NIL))) (48.0 30.0 193.0 219.0) 1.0 8.0 There are two ways you can move around in the sketch coordinate space. The first way is to scroll the window, which changes the values of the left and bottom coordinates. Figure 63 has been scrolled down and to the left. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T)) ((.1 4 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)┴а А ▀ ■ffffffffffАю √ ┐√¤№╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠Аю▄э│п╬СЯч°╖1Э9ЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩАї█mнП╢[o█ўо█l╗3333333333Аї╪jб┐╢█oу∙О}╛ffffffffffА√█ўo┐╢█o█■╢√m╝╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠А√▄wq┐╬┘Я┼ё╗Э╣ЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩА √3333333333А АААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААА№АА ААА~рААЁЁАГ└<АЗААЖАОАЬААША└А╕└└А░└└А░└АА░рААа`Аа`<Аа`|Аа`ьАа`▄8Аа`ШpА░рШрА░└8└А░└0АА╕└0ААШАpАЬА8`АОpАЖрАЗА└8АГ└<└0ААЁЁАЁАА~рч рАА Г ■рААА№└<рААА>АА°ААр>8АААvpАА>ц└<АА°╟АxААр├`АААГрААp└АА<рАААЁАААБрАЗААЯ88А╝pр8А░`└0АаpААрАА;└ААs└АА├АААГААААААp8ААрpАААрАА└АА└АА8ААА`АА`АААА8ААpААрАА└АААААААААААА8АААpААБрАА├└АА АА~АА0ААААА А} (40.0 112.0 203.0 172.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (136.0 . 56.0) ( "Figure 63. A scrolled view") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((76.0 53.0 120.0 10.0)) NIL)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (136.0 . 80.0) ("scale = 1.0" "left = 80" "bottom = 64") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((108.0 89.0 56.0 12.0) (112.0 77.0 48.0 12.0) (103.0 65.0 67.0 12.0)) NIL))) (40.0 47.0 196.0 226.0) 1.0 8.0 The second way to move around in a sketch is to use the Move View command, which can also be used to change the scale of the display (see figure 64). Finally, you can just change the scale by using the Autozoom command. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (136.0 . 88.0) ( "scale = .27" "left = 80" "bottom = 64") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((108.0 97.0 57.0 12.0) (112.0 85.0 48.0 12.0) (103.0 73.0 67.0 12.0)) NIL)) (( .05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (136.0 . 64.0) ("Figure 64. A zoomed view") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) ( MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((74.0 61.0 124.0 10.0)) NIL)) ((.1 4 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {( BMOBJ.GETFN3)┴Я А ▀ ■ffffffffffАю √ ┐√¤№╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠Аю▄э│п╬СЯч°╖1Э9ЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩАї█mнП╢[o█ўо█l╗3333333333Аї╪jб┐╢█oу∙О}╛ffffffffffА√█ўo┐╢█o█■╢√m╝╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠А√▄wq┐╬┘Я┼ё╗Э╣ЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩЩА √3333333333А АААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААаАаАаАаАаАаА░А░рА░ЁА░°А░?°А░°А░■°А░№°А░°°А░Ё°А░ё°А░с°А░┴ЁА░?БЁА░ЁА░■ЁА░№рАа°рАаЁрАаррАар└Аа└└Аа?А└ААААА■ААА№ААА°АА°ААЁ?ААр?ААр>АА└~АА?А~АА?|АА~№АА■№АА№°АА°°ААЁЁААЁрААрАА└ААААА?АААА~АА№АА№АА°ААЁААрААрАА└АА?ААА?АА~АА■АА№АА°ААЁААЁАГ АрА┐ Ё└А┐ ■А8А┐ А?xА┐ └№А┐ Ё■№Аа?°№№АА¤°°АА °ЁАА Ё └АА?р АААр■АА└№АА└?ЁАА?р рААр ААА Ё АА Ё№АА∙°?°АА∙°рААЁ° └ААр№ ААр№■АА└|°ААА~ЁАА?~ └АА> ААА■>■АА№?№АА°??ЁАА° рААЁ АААр ААр№АА└А?°ААААрАА?А └ААА АА~А■АА№А°АА№└ЁАА°└ └ААЁ└ АААр└■ААр└№АА└└?ЁААА└ рАА?А└ ААА└ АА~└№АА№└?°АБ№└рАГ°р └АГЁр ?АЗрр■?АЗрр°АП└рЁ АЯ└р └¤А┐Ар А°А┐р■ЁА╛р№рА╝р?Ё└А╕ррАААА А} (48.0 112.0 218.0 178.0) 1.0 (0 . 0)))) (48.0 52.0 194.0 219.0) 1.0 8.0 To Scroll a Window 1 You can move around in a sketch by scrolling the window in one of four directions: to the right, to the left, upward, or downward. To Scroll the Sketch to the Right 1 Slide the cursor from inside the sketch window to just outside the bottom edge. The cursor will change to 088x< ■ ■x<880 , and a scroll bar will appear. Click the right button and the sketch will scroll to the right by the amount the cursor is from the left end of the scroll bar. That is, to scroll less, move the cursor closer to the left edge. Clicking the right button again will scroll again as long as the cursor is still in the scroll bar. To Scroll the Sketch to the Left 1 Slide the cursor from inside the sketch window to just outside the bottom edge. The cursor will change to 088x< ■ ■x<880 , and a scroll bar will appear. Click the left button and the sketch will scroll to the left by the amount the cursor is from the left end of the scroll bar. That is, to scroll less, move the cursor closer to the left edge. Clicking the left button again will scroll again as long as the cursor is still in the scroll bar. To Scroll the Sketch Up 1 Slide the cursor from inside the sketch window to just outside the left edge. The cursor will change to 88||■8888■||88, and a scroll bar will appear. Click the left button and the sketch will scroll up by the amount the cursor is from the top of the scroll bar. That is, to scroll less, move the cursor closer to the top. Clicking the left button again will scroll again as long as the cursor is still in the scroll bar. To Scroll the Sketch Down 1 Slide the cursor from inside the sketch window to just outside the left edge. The cursor will change to 88||■8888■||88, and a scroll bar will appear. Click the right button and the sketch will scroll down by the amount the cursor is from the top of the scroll bar. That is, to scroll less, move the cursor closer to the top. Clicking the right button again will scroll again as long as the cursor is still in the scroll bar. To Move the Sketch Region Viewed 1 You can move to any part of a sketch, without scrolling the window, using the Move View command. First, select Move View from the top-level command menu. The cursor will change to А└рЁ°ч№├■╜Ё$╪$Ш╜├ч. Specify the new portion of the sketch that is to appear in the window by depressing any mouse button at one corner of the region and sweeping the cursor to the opposite corner (see figures 65 and 66). The specified region is outlined in gray. When the button is released, the portion of the sketch within the gray box is scaled to fill the sketch window. The box maintains the same aspect ratio (proportions) as the window. The section may be smaller or larger than the current window size. To abort this command, specify a region that does not overlap the window, or type control-E. You may also want to read the section ййTo Get Back to Where You Started.йй This action can also be initiated by selecting the Move View command from the Move View submenu. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.1 4.0 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)kt р ▀ рю рю▄э│п рї█mнП рї╪jб┐ р√█ўo┐ р√▄wq┐ р р рА А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А АГН АВR└ АВR└ АГН А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А Акккка АЕUUUUP Аt А А АА АpА■ АG└ А( АЁ АЁ Аа АА А А8Д АИ А8И А8D АD АH ААH А8nШD А"И╝D А"ИаH А:ОШИ АД АД А АА АА А@ А0 А А└ А■ А А А А Акккки Акккки А А А А А▌ў&йЭ▄ АЕTп3╔ А▌W(к АЭT&)Е╥ А А А А А А А р } (74.0 60.0 107.0 116.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((.1 4.0 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)kt р ▀ рю рю▄э│п рї█mнП рї╪jб┐ р√█ўo┐ р√▄wq┐ р р рА А А А А А А а Ш З А└ А0 А АААЁ А`ААА А@pp А@А АА А`└ А А@ АЙА Аf А А■А А@ А А А@ АА А А└ Ар А` Ар Ар А`А А`А АрА АЁ@ Аp@ А@ А@ А@ А А А А └ А └ А └ А └ А ╕°├└ А ?Щ∙№╟р А qЩ├М╬p А aЩГ╠0 А`Г╧Ё@ А`Г╧Ё@ АaЩГ╠@ АqЩГМ╬0@ А?ЩБ№╟Ё@ АА°├рА АА АА А А А А А А АА А@ А А А@ АА А А АА А@ А А└ А АА Аpp ААА АЁ А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А р} (314.0 60.0 107.0 116.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((.1 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((296.0 . 120.0) (280.0 . 136.0)) ( ROUND 3.0 NIL) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.1 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((296.0 . 120.0) (280.0 . 104.0)) (ROUND 3.0 NIL) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.1 88.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((200.0 . 128.0) (224.0 . 128.0) (264.0 . 128.0) (288.0 . 128.0)) (ROUND 3.0 7) NIL (NIL NIL T) 1.0)) ((.1 88.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE (( 200.0 . 112.0) (224.0 . 112.0) (264.0 . 112.0) (288.0 . 112.0)) (ROUND 3.0 7) NIL (NIL NIL T ) 1.0)) ((0.0 17.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((168.0 . 80.0) (186.0 . 76.0) (194.0 . 68.0) (202.0 . 60.0)) (ROUND 2 7) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT (210.0 . 52.0) ("specified" "region") 1.0 (LEFT BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((210.0 55.0 45.0 12.0) (210.0 43.0 32.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((.1 56.0 NIL) (CLOSEDCURVE ((202.0 . 60.0) (210.0 . 68.0) (224.0 . 72.0 ) (248.0 . 72.0) (256.0 . 56.0) (256.0 . 40.0) (240.0 . 32.0) (210.0 . 36.0) (200.0 . 48.0 )) (ROUND 2 7) NIL 1.0)) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (240.0 . 16.0) ( "Figure 65. 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А А А @ @ @А АА А@ └@ рА `АА рА@ р@@ `@А `@А р @ Ё @ p А А @ @ А А 0@ 0@ 0А 0А ╞n>0Ё@ ц~1°@ fpу3ЬА f`├3А `└3№ @ `└3№ @ f`├3 А f`у3М А ц`1№ @ ╞`>0°@@ @А @А А@ А@ А А А@ А@ @А А @ @ А @А А@ @ └А А @ `@ АА └А 88@ └└@ ?°А А @ @ А А @ @ А А @ @ А А @ @ А А @ @ А А? °@@АА@@АА@@А*ккккккккккккккккккккккккиUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUT } (29.0 53.0 206.0 206.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((232.0 . 96.0) (248.0 . 96.0) (256.0 . 92.0) (264.0 . 84.0)) (ROUND 2 7) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.05 12.0 NIL) (TEXT ( 264.0 . 68.0) ("specified" "region") 1.0 (LEFT BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((264.0 71.0 45.0 12.0) (264.0 59.0 32.0 12.0)) NIL)) ((0.0 28.0 NIL) (CLOSEDCURVE ((256.0 . 76.0) (264.0 . 84.0) (280.0 . 84.0) (296.0 . 84.0) (312.0 . 80.0) (304.0 . 64.0) (288.0 . 56.0) (264.0 . 56.0) (256.0 . 68.0)) (ROUND 2 7) NIL 1.0)) ((.1 4.0 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {( BMOBJ.GETFN3)kt р ▀ рю рю▄э│п рї█mнП рї╪jб┐ р√█ўo┐ р√▄wq┐ р р рА Б Б БА БАсИА Б@ТE Б└ТB Б@ТE БасИА Б Б Б Б Б Б Б Б Б Б Б ° А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А А АА А@ А А А АА А` А А ААА?р А`Б└ АF А(А А░@ АЁ А` АА А А АА АА АА А@ АА АА АА ААА АА АФ─`А А$Э$РА А СЁА А$С$АА АР─q А А А А А АА А@ А А@ АА А А└ А?р А А А А А А А А А А А АА А(1lт0СЬ┼А А(I┤ТHвI&А АD9$Тxу╔А А|I$Т@Т $А АВu$т8Й╠─А А р} (344.0 72.0 107.0 116.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((.1 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((336.0 . 140.0) (320.0 . 124.0)) (ROUND 3.0 NIL) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.1 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((336.0 . 140.0) ( 320.0 . 156.0)) (ROUND 3.0 NIL) NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.1 88.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((240.0 . 148.0) ( 264.0 . 148.0) (304.0 . 148.0) (328.0 . 148.0)) (ROUND 3.0 7) NIL (NIL NIL T) 1.0)) ((.1 88.0 NIL) (OPENCURVE ((240.0 . 132.0) (264.0 . 132.0) (304.0 . 132.0) (328.0 . 132.0)) ( ROUND 3.0 7) NIL (NIL NIL T) 1.0)) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (240.0 . 40.0) ( "Figure 66. Zooming out with the Move View command") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((113.0 37.0 254.0 10.0)) NIL))) (26.0 22.0 425.0 237.0) 1.0 8.0 To Automatically Expand or Shrink an Image 1 Move the cursor over the Move View command, press the left button, and slide the cursor out the right side through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 67 will appear. Select the item Autozoom. The message ййLeft button zooms in; right zooms outйй will be printed in a small window above the sketch window, and the cursor will change to ЁрЁ║]xp°@@?°px║]ЄрЁ. Move the cursor to the point in the sketch around which you want to zoom. If you want to zoom in (make the image larger), press the left button. The cursor will change to №?ЁЁ°Ь9Оqр@@рОqЬ9°ЁЁ№? and the image will get larger, leaving the point under the cursor in the same location in the window. If you want to zoom out (make the image smaller), press the right button. The cursor will change to └тGrN>|xx■@@■xx>|rNтG└ and the image will get smaller, leaving the point under the cursor in the same location in the window. The image will continue to grow or shrink around the position of the cursor as long as either the left or right mouse button is down. To stop this mode, move the cursor out of the window and press any mouse button. 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Submenu for the Move View command") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((52.5 109.0 231.0 10.0)) NIL))) (5.0 102.0 327.0 142.0) 1.0 8.0 To Open A Second Window Onto a Sketch 1 It is sometimes useful to work on two views of a sketch at once. You can do this by opening a second wIndow onto the sketch. First, move the cursor over the Move View command, press the left button, and slide the cursor out the right side through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 67 will appear. Select the item New Window. You will be prompted for a region of the screen in which to put the second sketch window. The second window can be scrolled or zoomed without affecting the view in the original window. Any changes made to either window are reflected in both windows. To Open A Page-Sized Sketch Window 1 When making large figures, particularly for overhead transparencies, it is useful to have a window that is exactly the same size as a sheet of paper. Use the function EDITSLIDE for this purpose. Typing (EDITSLIDE) into the Interlisp-D Executive window will prompt you for the location of a page-sized window and open a sketch window there. Note: a page-sized window is 612 points (8╜") wide and 792 points (11") high. To Clean Up the Display 1 In the course of editing a sketch, the image of the figure may develop holes where elements were erased. To clean up the display, move the cursor into the title bar of the window, press the right button, and select the Redisplay item from the menu that appears. This menu is the standard Interlisp-D window command menu. Other items on this menu can be used for moving, shrinking, closing, printing, and reshaping the window. 2 To Find Your Way Around in a Sketch 1 Since a sketch can extend past the window boundaries in both directions and can be zoomed to make the image very large or very small, it is easy to lose track of which region of the sketch a window is viewing. Sketch provides a number of facilities to make it easier to navigate in figures. There are commands to return to the home position and to get to an overview position. There is a facility for naming viewpoints on the sketch and returning to them, called views. There is also a facility for finding out where in the sketch coordinate space the cursor is, called coordinate windows. These facilities are all available on the submenu of the Move View command (shown in figure 67). To Get Back to Where You Started 1 Move the cursor over the Move View command, press the left button, and slide the cursor out the right side through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 67 will appear. Select the item Home. The region of the sketch displayed in the window will return to its home position (i.e., its scale will be 1.0 and the lower-left corner will be (0,0)). To Get an Overview of the Sketch 1 Move the cursor over the Move View command, press the left button, and slide the cursor out the right side through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 67 will appear. Select the item Fit It. The region of the sketch displayed in the window will jump so that the whole sketch is just visible in the window. That is, it changes the scale so that the largest extent of the sketch fits the extent of the window and places the center of the sketch in the center of the window. If you get lost, this is usually a good way back. To Remember a View on the Sketch 1 Move the cursor over the Move View command, press the left button, and slide the cursor out the right side through the triangle. The middle menu shown in figure 68 will appear. Move the cursor over the Restore View item, then slide it out the right side through the triangle. The rightmost menu in figure 68 will appear. Select the item Save View. A small window will appear above the sketch window with the message ййName for this view:йй printed in it. The caret will be flashing after the message. Type the name you want this view to have, ending with a carriage return. When you type the return, the view in the window will be associated with the entered name. You can then return to this place in the sketch by using the Restore View command described below. 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Submenu for the Restore View subcommand" "of the Move View command") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((71.5 114.0 257.0 10.0) (135.0 104.0 130.0 10.0)) NIL))) (-17.0 96.0 369.0 153.0) 1.0 8.0 To Return to a View on the Sketch 1 Move the cursor over the Move View command, press the left button, and slide the cursor out the right side through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 67 will appear. Select the item Restore View. A menu containing the item Home and the names of any other views you have saved with the Save View subcommand will appear. Select the name of the view you want. The window will jump to the region of the sketch associated with that name. See the section ййTo Remember a View on the Sketchйй to learn how to save a view. To Forget a View 1 Move the cursor over the Move View command, press the left button, and slide the cursor out the right side through the triangle. The middle menu shown in figure 69 will appear. Move the cursor over the Restore View item, then slide it out the right side through the triangle. The rightmost menu in figure 69 will appear. Select the item Forget View. A menu containing the item Home and the names of any other views you have saved with the Save View subcommand will appear. Select the name of the view you want to be removed. The selected name will no longer appear in the menu of saved views. See the section ййTo Remember a View on the Sketchйй to learn how to save a view. To Open a Coordinate Display Window 1 Move the cursor over the Move View command, press the left button, and slide the cursor out the right side through the triangle. The middle menu shown in figure 69 will appear. Select the item Coord Window. A small window titled Cursor Location in Sketch will appear at the bottom-right edge of the sketch window. Whenever the cursor is in the sketch window, this window will display its location in sketch coordinates. The subcommand Grid Coord Window of the Coord Window item will bring up a window that gives the coordinate of the grid point closest to the position of the cursor (see ╣╣To Use the Grid Display,йй below). You can close the coordinate display window when you are finished with it. 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Submenu for the Coord Window subcommand" "of the Move View command") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((52.0 114.0 264.0 10.0) (119.0 104.0 130.0 10.0)) NIL))) (-5.0 95.0 368.0 156.0) 1.0 8.0 2 To Use the Grid Display 1 A grid underlies the placement of points in a sketch window. It can be turned on or off. When the grid is on, only points on the corners of the grid can be specified for any sketch operation. If the grid is off, any point can be selected. Having the grid on makes it much easier to align parts of a sketch. Initially, the grid is on with a grid size of about half a centimeter (see figure 70). The grid can be made larger or smaller. The grid size is always a power of two in the sketch coordinate space. This means that the same points are accessible on the grid as the sketch scale changes (i.e., is zoomed). The grid can also be displayed (as in figure 70). ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.1 4.0 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)╫│кккккккккккккккккккккккккккUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUTкккккккккккккккккккккккккккUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUTл ъW √ Щ┤л╗ я ╧ ╧ ┐ я3*W╗s╢╬┐:FЯ█Н╡Я┌╬У∙■9чm':Fftл╫m╢╢>┘m┐oЛm▒oИ╢KЎ¤╢█lЦ┘n╠ъW╫aкЖ■█m┐П█m╖█╢█°¤╢▀m╢oЩ┤ляo▌╛■█m┐o█m7█╢█Ў¤╢█M╢√o3*Wяq▌╞ ;f█М╖П█╬█ё~9ч-╖fftл o ■╠ъW Я Їк*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к ■*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к@*V@4к@*V^А4кАc Л*VАA Ж4кАA Ж*VАa Й4к@^А*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к ■*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V└4к0*V4к*V└4к0*V4к*Vр4к*V4кА*V`4к*V4кА*V`4к*V4к*V4кВ*VB4кB*V"?р4к└*V А4к 0`*V╞@4к2А*V4к*V4кА*V@4к *V 4к@А*V@А4кАА*VАА4кА@*VА4к*V4к*VА4кВ*VА4кД╕ЁЗД*VD┴ШD4кВЯ─*VРВР4кИDБИH*VЗДАЁЗИ4кА*V@4к@*V 4к *V@4кА*V4к*V4кА*V@4к0`*VА4к└*V?р4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4к*V4л ъUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUTкккккккккккккккккккккккккккUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUTкккккккккккккккккккккккккккUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUTккккккккккккккккккккккккккк } (48.0 72.0 215.0 179.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (160.0 . 64.0) ( "Figure 70. A sketch window with the default grid displayed") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 ( MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((23.5 61.0 273.0 10.0)) NIL))) (12.0 44.0 296.0 207.0) 1.0 8.0 To Turn the Grid On 1 Move the cursor over the Grid command, press the left button, and slide out the right side through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 71 will appear. Select the item Turn Grid On. An alternative way of turning the grid on is to select the Grid command from the main menu when the grid is off. Selecting the Grid command flips between using the grid and not using the grid, that is, you also use this command to turn the grid off. ((SKETCH a% figure% from% a% document SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (HELVETICA 10) (CENTER BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL (CENTER CENTER) NIL T NIL NIL)) ((.1 4.0 NIL) (SKIMAGEOBJ {(BMOBJ.GETFN3)o ЁААКаАккккккккккккккккккккРХ`UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUКаЗккккккккккккккккккккРХ`■UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUКа№ккккккккккккккккккккРХ`UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUКа? ■кРХ`< UКаf >cкРХ`╞ csUКа└||╞№ csкРХ`└v╞╞ц c>~?>`|~№ g0cg0gcgкРХ`└ ?0c?0?>cUКа└ кРХ`└ cUКа >кРХ`╞< UКа╞f Ё└0чўЁкРХ`╞╞ └└06UКа╞№└||╞№ └06кРХ`╞ц└v╞╞ц ╞3чрєу├Ё6UКа╞╞▐`╞╞╞ ╞3╖0s░╞p7чркРХ`╞╞╞`╞╞╞ ╞303╞06UКа╞╞╞`╞╞╞ ╞303╞06кРХ`╞╞n`╞╬ц ╞303╞06UКа|╞>`|~№ ╞s0s╞p6кРХ`└ ├є0є├ЁцUКа└ 0кРХ`└ 0UКа ркРХ`c UКаc Зсчўрр└0кРХ`c Ж3600└0UКаc~?> ╞66000кРХ`csgcа╞60у├ЁUКаcccc`gцчр░╞pкРХ`ccccаf╞Ў└є╞0UКаcccc ff6`3╞0кРХ`ccgc Ўf6`3╞0UКа>c?> 63v0s╞pкРХ` №61ўЎ0є├ЁUКа кРХ` UКа кРХ`|< UКаf <<кРХ`c 3UКаc>~ cкРХ`ccfccа> <>>`>c>а`█c0o0cUКаc`fc >█>0c0cкРХ`fcfgc █f`0c0cUКа|>??> c█fc070gкРХ` >█?>00?UКа кРХ` UК┐ ркРХ с є№ рUК┐ ╠ є№ √р|<кРХ Ь № ¤рfUК┐ Я┴├└ ·рcкРХ Я─єШ ¤`c<>~c>6c0cкРХ ╚╧єШ ¤рccfc0cUК┐ р╧є└ √рfcsfg0gкРХ р|>~??0?UК┐ р`кРХ р`xcUКа `0>кРХnp└ UКоp└'р└00└└кРХoЁ&0└00└└UКпєц3р3├ь5&000└кРХoЎ6600╞<2ж3яєц3рєу├Ёє├чр├╞5UКн╢3f0`╞=╡gц=╢660s░╞pp╞70╞f6кРХm╢3gЁ`╟¤▓ж╞=╢3f03╞00╞0└c5UКн╢3f`╞ ╡&g¤╢3gЁ3╞00├ц0├уfкРХl61╞0└╞=▓&f ╢3f3╞00└60╞aхUКм3с├р└├чф&6=╢1╞0s╞pp╞70╞a╞кРХ`&3э│с├рє├ЁЁ├чр├Ё┼UКа 0╞кРХ` 0ЕUКа ркРХ`c? ¤UКаc3ккккккккккккккккккккРХ`ccUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUКаc<>?`>~cккккккккккккккккккккРХ`f;g`cscХUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUКаc0c`cc3ZккккккккккккккккккккРХ`c>0c`cc6ХUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUКаcf0ccccккккккккккккккккккккРХ`cf0g3csUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUКаc?0?>~ккккккккккккккккккккРХ``UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUКа`xккккккккккккккккккккРХ``0UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUКаккккккккккккккккккккРАА Ё } (24.0 56.0 254.0 105.0) 1.0 (0 . 0))) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (152.0 . 48.0) ( "Figure 71. The submenu for the Grid command") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((44.0 45.0 216.0 10.0)) NIL))) (5.0 38.0 296.0 130.0) 1.0 8.0 To Turn the Grid Off 1 Move the cursor over the Grid command, press the left button, and slide out the right side through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 71 will appear. Select the item Turn Grid Off. You can now place points anywhere. To Make the Grid Larger 1 Move the cursor over the Grid command, press the left button, and slide out the right side through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 71 will appear. Select the item Larger Grid. The grid points will be twice as far apart as they were before. To Make the Grid Smaller 1 Move the cursor over the Grid command, press the left button, and slide out the right side through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 71 will appear. Select the item Smaller Grid. The grid points will be half as far apart as they were before. To Display Where the Grid Points Are 1 Move the cursor over the Grid command, press the left button, and slide out the right side through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 71 will appear. Select the item Display Grid. Each grid point will be marked with a dot as shown in figure 70. If the grid is smaller than one point every three points, the points are not marked and a message giving the distance between the grid points is printed in a small window above the sketch window. If the grid is very large, the message will be printed in addition to marking the grid points. If the grid is off, selecting Display Grid will turn it on. To Remove the Grid Points Display 1 Move the cursor over the Grid command, press the left button, and slide out the right side through the triangle. The menu shown in figure 71 will appear. Select the item Remove Grid Display. 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