1 LISP LIBRARY PACKAGES MANUAL 1 LISP LIBRARY PACKAGES MANUAL TEDIT 1 TEXT EDITING 1 TEDIT: THE INTERLISP TEXT EDITOR 6 2 Introduction 1 What TEdit Is 1 TEdit is the Interlisp system for entering, editing, formatting, and printing documents. You enter and edit text in a TEdit window and design your documents using menus of font and formatting commands. You select text with the mouse, and all commands operate on the current selection. As you work, your text appears as it will when printed, with some exceptions. With TEdit, you can: Display several documents in different windows, copy and move text among them, and shrink them to icons when they are not in immediate use; Use a variety of typefaces (such as Modern and Classic), type styles (such as italics and boldface), and type sizes; Produce running heads and footers, multiple columns, tabbed text, and dotted leaders; Place selected paragraphs anywhere on a page, and specify where new pages will begin; Include bit maps and other graphic images in documents; and Customize the text-editing facilities for use in your own applications. This manual was written and formatted in TEdit. How to Use This Document 1 This documentation is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on using TEdit to write and edit documents. It was written for all types of TEdit users, including people who have never used a text editor before, people who have used many text editors, and experienced TEdit users who need to refresh their memories about a particular feature. The second part focuses on TEdit's functional interface. It was written for users who want to know more about how the program works and for programmers who wish to modify TEdit for use in their own applications. 2 Using TEdit 1 Getting Started 1 Logging on and Loading TEdit 1 Before you can use TEdit you must load it into your workstation's virtual memory. To load TEdit from a floppy disk, type (LOAD '{FLOPPY}TEDIT.DCOM) at the prompt in your Interlisp-D Executive window. However, if TEdit is frequently used in your company it is probably stored on a file server rather than on a floppy disk. The following instructions apply to loading TEdit from a file server, with the words FILESERVER and DIRECTORY standing for the names of the actual file server and directory on which TEdit is stored. First, you must log into the system. To log in, type (LOGIN) at the prompt in the Interlisp-D executive window. On the next line, the system will print the word Login, followed by a colon. Type your log-in name after the colon and press the carriage return. On the same line, the system will prompt you for your password. Type in your password (each letter will appear as an asterisk on the screen) and press the carriage return again. The system will print your name as a confirmation of your log-in. You can now load TEdit. Type (LOAD '{FILESERVER} TEDIT.DCOM) at the prompt. (If the DIRECTORIES variable in your initialization file contains a search path to the directory on which TEdit is stored, you can just type (LOAD 'TEDIT.DCOM).) The system will print the file's full name, then give the date the file was created. When it is finished loading TEdit, it will again print the file name and return you to the top-level prompt. Note that do you not have to be logged in just to use TEdit and store TEdit files on your local disk, only to load TEdit from, or to store TEdit files on, a file server. Starting TEdit 1 There are two ways to start TEdit. You can select the TEdit command from the background menu, which prompts you to create a TEdit window or brings up a previously created one. You can also type the function (TEDIT) in the executive window, which has the same result. After opening a TEdit window, you can retrieve the file you want to edit using the Get command (see Retrieving a Document, below). Alternatively, you can bring up a TEdit window for a specific file by typing (TEDIT 'FILENAME) in the executive window. When TEdit prompts you to create a window, it will present you with a dashed rectangle with the mouse cursor and a small geometric design at the lower-right corner. Move your mouse till the window is where you want it on the screen, then hold down the left mouse button and move your mouse cursor to a diagonally opposite corner, expanding the window till it is the right size. Then release the mouse button. This creates a TEdit window on your screen in the outlined area. You can now begin to enter and edit text. If you are unfamiliar with TEdit, you might try typing some text in the window, just to see how it looks. However, we recommend that you read the sections below on using the TEdit window, using the menus, and editing text before you do serious work with TEdit. Using the TEdit Window 1 This section first gives you information that applies to using any Interlisp window, then goes on to describe the special characteristics of the TEdit window. Manipulating a TEdit Window With the Right-Button Menu. The TEdit window, like other Interlisp windows, can be redisplayed, cleared, buried, reshaped, moved, shrunk, and closed with the commands in the Interlisp-D window menu. You bring up the window menu by placing the mouse cursor on the title bar of a TEdit window and pressing the right mouse button. The menu of window manipulation commands shown in figure 1 will appear. Any window command can be selected with any mouse button, but it is generally easiest to use the right button. If you need to know more about selecting menu commands with the mouse, see Using a Pop-Up Menu, below. Ez<@B@GHHHGH@BHHA@.\<1"b!B!2BA!"b>!\@@@>@!!K!"LH>HH 2HH "HH HF ! @#@$H@'Ð@$ !$H#P?  ? P P ?  @GqH&$$8H$$ȠH&$@Gt@@@@GtpqHȚ C HL H AGPtppB@"> "À&$@"'$$&$@À S@"@  Figure 1. The Interlisp-D right-button window menu Here is how to use the window menu: f To redisplay the contents of a window, click on the Redisplay command. This command is useful when you suspect there is a discrepancy between the display and the file. f To erase everything within a window's boundaries, choose Clear. This command operates only on the display%it doesn't change the document you're editing. If you redisplay the window, the cleared text will be redisplayed; if you save the file, the cleared text will be saved. f To put a window beneath all the other windows that overlap it, use the Bury command. You don't have to use Bury to make your TEdit window active%just click on the TEdit window and it will bury all overlapping windows. f To change the shape of and/or move a window, select the Shape command. Then specify a new shape and location for the window following the instructions on creating a TEdit window, above. f To move a window without reshaping it, click on the Move command. A dashed rectangle with a black box at one corner will appear at the same place as your TEdit window. Move the rectangle to the desired location, then press the left mouse button. The TEdit window will jump to the new position. f To get a TEdit window out of the way while you aren't actively using it, select Shrink. The window will shrink to an icon like the one shown in figure 2%a closed book with the file name on its cover. To expand the icon to the original window size, select it with the middle mouse button. To move the icon, press and hold the left mouse button; the icon will now follow the mouse until you let go of the button. No matter where you move the icon, when you expand it the window will reappear at its original position. f To close a TEdit window, select Close. This command just closes the window; it doesn't save your changes. See Quitting a TEdit File, below. You can also use the window menu's Snap command to take a picture of a TEdit menu and the Hardcopy command to print a TEdit file; see Using TEdit Menus and Printing a Document, below. You can use the Paint command to create temporary pictures, but it does not affect your TEdit document. W_8 ` >wϰl0l0o00 0pC6`6N6.6f3.30͙.0͘<.0͙p.͛00N...<|Ӯf͸``n `ͽ`0.nox fͷl`0nͷl``6Ͳo|Ӯn.?}~! aq aq y a٘ a }ٙ0 03 000c30a0 px>? Figure 2. The TEdit icon for the second part of this document Manipulating a TEdit Window From Inside the Window. The TEdit window you create by the method described above is divided horizontally into three main regions (see figure 3). The topmost region is the prompt region, where TEdit gives you messages and prompts you for information. Below it is the black title bar, which labels the window as an editor window and displays the name of the file you are editing. The bottommost region is the text-editing region, where you edit and format text. y6% @ @ G ș" H> H ȑ" G wa;4}i;o{vns۷oݽ~eo8w>a۹ݽmگ=/cvn[۾ݽwm߶svn[۷oݽ6wm=߹vav0π`C8DE`c08`Ffcg`g0`L&`0`L&`30`&DE`c0&`&#`g0g8ƀcg#8c?ÁǸpDEDEDEDEDEDE `    DExㅀxà x8\88X:`yܸ8p 0ppD$N@1ȈDa L dDHDF! 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To bring up a submenu, slide the mouse cursor to the right of the main menu command (see figure 5). You select a submenu command by moving the cursor to it and releasing the mouse button. Choosing the Looks command brings up three pop-up menus in succession, which are described below in Choosing a Typeface and Choosing a Type Size. Using a Persistent Menu. TEdit has four persistent menus%the Expanded, Character Looks, Paragraph Formatting, and Page Layout menus. The Expanded menu contains general commands for document manipulation (such as Put), similar to those on the Basic Commands menu. The other three menus provide specialized formatting commands. You can bring up the Expanded menu by choosing Expanded Menu from the Basic Commands pop-up menu (see figure 6). The other three persistent menus are available on the Expanded Menu submenu and from the Expanded menu itself. 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"`"! 4A B "`""" DA B "`brb"LIA@'"!8H`9v30@pph` ` `p`````8X a:3 ` D@DD"#"F !`@ CD!~B !`4BD!@B !`DBD"!@B !`HALAD"q "' !`Ávǃc ` ` ````|1`A@`,pǀ``pAwr`Ht̄NB"A9 "&`!BbA""`!B AB`!B"AB` DBRb@IB `pqÎ3g;qB9````````aÙ`8X:a㇞`B"'$d"0@DFH`D~ DB`D@4DBH`D@DDBH`B"# $D"@LD'ȉ`q9Àvgg`````@ `@ ``s`;`p. <.C8X!`8`$" N@"q8Bq:D Dc H`$" @!B!@?D!@`D" D@!B!CD D!0`D" D@"!B!DD D!`"pA@&2B2DđDD!H`Cqn;,<,8c8sp`  `  `p8p`` ``` `!`DDL"#`@ b`BD!`BD""`"b!`ansÇ```````````````````@ `|@``@  `A. >DATE<< The current date October 15, 1985 T Thin space (1/5 em; used to adjust spacing between characters) fTf expands to f/f Changing Character Looks 1 This section tells you how to do formatting that affects characters, rather than paragraphs or pages. TEdit's character looks are typeface (or font), type style (italics, boldfacing, etc.) type size, and special positioning of individual characters (i.e., superscripts and subscripts). TEdit's character looks commands are available on a specialized persistent menu, the Character Looks menu. In addition, the more common ones are available on pop-up menus and on the 1108/1186 keyboard. The Character Looks menu is best used for selecting frequently used commands, applying looks to an entire document, or specifying several character properties at once, while the pop-up menus and special keys are best used for making simple changes to small pieces of text. First, this section shows and briefly describes the menus used to specify character looks, then goes on to explain how each look is specified. Using the Character Looks Pop-Up Menus 1 First select the text you want to format. Then choose the Looks command in the Basic Commands menu, which brings up three submenus in sequence: one to select the typeface (Font), one to select the type style (Face), and one to select the type size (see figure 10). You may select an option in each menu, or click outside the menu to leave the corresponding facet of the looks unchanged. If, for example, you want to change the character size while leaving the typeface and type style alone, just click the mouse outside the Font and Face menus and select a size when you come to the Type Size menu. In general, any aspect of the character looks that you don't explicitly change will remain the same. Vk~t }}~vx8"D8"Dx8  xtqk@@@D@Dxtq@@?@ZK"k2LH>B"HC B"HL"B"HHB"HGPgP@ @@\8@"bDG B@ Bd!"BDB:A@"A@ AHz8p"H"DA>E"@8A E"@A"B"DAB8t? 8p a2D &$"|p?$"@ $$"D $$"8p $@D@/\8$bD$B|$B@DBDB8 ?<wm|?mŞ7@GIHIHIHI $  $p $ $ $ $ΤpH@@GH⟈I"IHIIHI2IHI"IH~@A@A:BGA"FBH~>BBCA BBLA"FFHA::GPB< 8<v;ml?mv?p>ppC!@0a@D@!xD@!D@!D@!pC!A1€BDG@@Àp$@$@ @1$@ $@ $@Àp Figure 10. The Font, Face, and Type Size submenus Using the Character Looks Persistent Menu 1 You can open the Character Looks menu by bringing up the Basic Commands menu, then choosing Character Looks from the Expanded Menu submenu (see figure11). Alternatively, you can choose the Char Looks command from the Expanded menu itself. 0D6o6fTffDfD;3TD;3    6͛0 ͛ ͛ 6͛0 |` ` 6` 6` 6` 6` 3  ǀ6m6o6m6lɀo0<0fpپx<͛&3͛3͘3f͚f3|}ñώx0 `0 l3|q| lـf6lf lـ fy7ݿf lـ fٛ6 ݰf lـfٛ6lݳf|}ɞf|````~8 ?~8?ϙp~g_pc???3ɓ&~2f2y?>d93 ɐ&~D2g_3ៜ >dx2Lɓ~D2f3ɟ>d>?2Lɓ&~D2g3ə>dɛ?p~l3 ???0 0 0  3>πx 0͆ffll16l fl 6l 6ffl ͱ6l 6ffl ͱ6l > gf <  `>x 1ff 1f`f 3f`6f  3f`6f 3f`>xτ>8,f< Figure 11. The Expanded Menu submenu; the selected command will bring up the Character Looks menu shown below The Character Looks menu is shown in figure 12. . ffm[7Y303xc67``1`xxg`~0` `πx39ǜo>lql9|$`mmxlml$7`}mml`$6`mmm ly`mfx<`` x0<>`?30`?l9sx1! 㝜m>m`ͳapl0$I$ 61mm`y7m$  mm`͆ymvm$yml39`0πm1 9!3!}979111 !m 3mHII" @a}3}HyI"!am3aHAI"!a}=091# ! !    8 !D d!'@DL` 9yqsrgq0!!$@ DI$y m6l9m $H@"<D 'A v}l b9$x!" D 'I 6alM I$@!'@CgA =xp8s rc9#8!@`!` Figure 12. The Character Looks menu, showing the basic character looks for this document Choosing a Typeface 1 When you first create a TEdit window, TEdit puts the text you type in its default typeface and size, which is usually 10-point Gacha (the font used in the executive window). However, Gacha is a fixed-width font that is not particularly readable or attractive; it is best used to indicate blocks of programming code. You can choose another typeface from either the Character Looks menu or the Font submenu. The best way to specify a typeface for an entire document is to select the document with the All command in the Expanded menu, then choose the typeface you want from the Character Looks menu. The list of typefaces is on the menu's third line: Times Roman, Helvetica, Gacha, Modern, Classic, and Terminal. All of them are available on-screen; the first three print on Press printers (such as the Dover) and the others on Interpress printers. (If your printer does not have the font you choose, it will substitute the available font that most resembles the one you specified.) Select the desired typeface with the left mouse button, then select Apply. The existing text and whatever new text you type will be put in the specified font. Selecting one typeface deselects any others that were already specified. You can also select no typeface by clicking the mouse between two of the font names. If you choose Apply with no typeface selected, the text will be left in whatever typeface it was. The final choice in the typeface line, Other, lets you add new typefaces to the Character Looks menu. To pick a typeface that isn't offered on the menu, first type the name between the brackets after other font. Then choose the Other command. Then next time you apply the menu, the new typeface will be applied to the text you've selected and added to the menu. After you have specified the basic typeface for your document, you may want to put some text, perhaps headings or examples, in a different font. You can do this by selecting the text, then using either the Looks command from the pop-up menu or the Char Looks persistent menu. The Font submenu offers the choices Classic, Modern, Terminal, Titan, Gacha, Helvetica,Times Roman, and Other. All these fonts are available on-screen and on Xerox printers. If you want an available typeface that is not on the menu, select the Other command. TEdit will prompt you with the message Name of font:; type the name and press the carriage return. The typeface will be added to the Font menu of the TEdit you are currently running. If TEdit does not recognize the font, it will tell you it can't find it. You can also change some character looks on selected text by pressing special keys (such as Center, Bold, and Defaults) on the 1108 or 1186 keyboard. For example, you can put text in bold (without affecting typeface or size) by selecting the text, then pressing the Bold key. Pressing a shifted key turns off the corresponding text property (e.g., boldness). The purposes of the special keys are discussed below in the appropriate sections, such as Italicizing Text. Looks On Looks In Char Aspect Pop-Up? Looks Menu? Function Key Type Face Yes Yes DEFAULTS (1108) Size Yes Yes SMALLER/LARGER Italics Yes Yes ITALIC Boldface Yes Yes BOLD Underlining No Yes UNDERLINE Strike Thru No Yes STRIKEOUT (1186) Overbar No Yes % Subscripts No Yes SUBSCRIPT (1108) SUB/SUPER (1186) Superscripts No Yes SUPERSCRIPT (1108) SUB/SUPER (1186) Choosing a Type Size 1 Type sizes are measured in points; there are about 72 points to an inch. Type size refers to the distance from the top to the bottom of the characters that represent the highest and lowest points in an alphabet. For example, in a 10-point type there is a distance of about 10 points between the top of the b and the bottom of the y. However, the apparent size of the characters may vary considerably among typefaces of the same type size; for example, TEdit's 10-point Times Roman is larger than its 10-point Modern. Also, two versions of the same typeface purchased from different vendors may vary in size, so that TEdit's Times Roman may look different from others you have used. You should specify a basic type size for your document at the same time you specify the typeface. To specify a basic type size, select the entire document by choosing All from the Expanded menu. Then, in the Character Looks menu, fill in the Size field with a number and select Apply. If you leave the field empty, the characters will retain their existing sizes. You can also choose type sizes for selected areas of text using the Larger/Smaller key or the Type Size submenu. Pressing the unshifted key makes the text two points larger, and pressing the shifted key makes the text two points smaller. The Type Size submenu enables you to specify a wider range of sizes. Choose Looks from the Basic Commands menu, then the number representing the type size you want from the third submenu that appears. Italicizing Text 1 You can specify italics, and put italicized text back into roman type, with the Character Looks menu, the Looks pop-up submenus, or the Italics key on the 1108 or 1186 keyboard. With all these methods, you must first select the text you want to italicize (or romanize). If you decide to use the Character Looks menu, select the Italic option of Props, then Apply. If you change your mind and want to make the selected text roman again, apply the menu with the Italics option crossed out. If you use the Looks submenus, select the Looks command in the Basic Commands pop-up menu, then Italic from the second submenu that pops up%the Face submenu. You follow the same procedure to remove the italics, this time selecting Regular (or Bold, if you want the text to be boldfaced). To italicize text with the Italics key, first select the text, then press the key. Pressing shift-Italics will make the text roman again, without changing boldness, underlining, or other properties. Boldfacing Text 1 You can specify boldfacing (or lightfacing) with the Character Looks menu, the Looks pop-up submenus, or the Bold key on the 1108 or 1186 keyboard. First select the text you want to put in boldface. In the Character Looks menu, select the Bold option of Props, then Apply. To make the selected text unbold, apply the menu with the Bold option crossed out. If you use the Looks submenus, select the Looks command in the Basic Commands pop-up menu, then Bold from the Face submenu. You follow the same procedure to put text back in lightface, this time selecting Regular. To boldface text using the keyboard, first select the text, then press Bold. Shift-Bold will remove the boldfacing without changing other properties. You can also specify italic boldfacing in the Face submenu by choosing the Bold Italic command. The Regular option will remove both properties. Underlining Text 1 You can underline text with the Character Looks menu or the keyboard. With both methods, you must first select the text to be underlined. If you want to use the menu, select the Underline option of Props, then apply the menu. To remove the underlining, apply the menu with Underline crossed out. To underline text using the keyboard, press Underline. You can remove the underlining by pressing shift-Underline. Striking Out Text 1 You can strike out text from the Character Looks menu. Select the text to be struck out, then the Strike Thru option of Props. The 1186 Strikeout key will also cross out text, and shift-Strikeout will remove any strike-through marks. Using Overbars 1 You can only specify overbars from the Character Looks menu. Select the text that you want a bar over, then the Overbar option of Props. Using Superscripts and Subscripts 1 TEdit enables you to create superscripts and subscripts, that is, to offset specified characters from the normal baseline (the base of a line of characters). You can do this using either the Character Looks menu or the 1108/1186 keyboard. The Superscript and Subscript keys raise or lower the selected text by two points (the default amount), while the Character Looks menu allows you to specify the exact distance. To specify the distance above the baseline a superscripted character should lie, fill in the Distance field in the Character Looks menu, select Superscript, then select Apply. If you apply Superscript without filling in the Distance field, the text will be raised by two points. The Character Looks Subscript command works in the same way as Superscript. You may click the mouse in the space between options to neutralize the choice. Copying Character Looks 1 There are two ways to copy character looks. The first way is to select the text to which you want the character looks copied (the looks-copy selection). Then, while holding down the Same key (or the meta key, if any, on the 1100 or 1132 keyboard), select the text the looks are to be copied from (the looks-source selection). This marks the looks-source selection with a heavy dashed underline. When you release the Same key, the character looks will be copied to the target text. You can select the looks-source selection with either the left or middle mouse button (anything but paragraph selection%middle button in the line bar). If you select more than one character, TEdit copies the looks of the first character selected. This works to copy character looks within a TEdit window or from one TEdit window to another. You can abort a looks-copy by holding down a mouse button, releasing the Same key, then releasing the mouse button. The second way to copy character looks is to select the text whose looks you want to copy, then select Show in the Character Looks menu. TEdit will fill in the menu to show the looks of the selected text. If you are copying looks within a TEdit window, you can then select the text to which you want to copy the looks and apply the menu. If you are copying looks from one window to another, you will have to manually fill in the menu of the second window. Formatting a Document 1 This section describes how to do formatting that affects paragraphs and formatting that affects entire pages. TEdit's paragraph looks include line and paragraph leading (pronounced ledding; the vertical spacing between lines and paragraphs), paragraph margins (including justification and margins that apply to specific paragraphs rather than a whole page), and tabs. They also include a new-page option (which lets you specify that a paragraph begins on a new page), a special-location option (which allows you to position a paragraph anywhere on a page), a page-heading option (which enables you to declare a paragraph a running head or footer), and a hard-copy display mode (which enables you to view on-screen how paragraphs will look when printed). TEdit's page looks include page margins, page numbers, running heads and footers (which tie in with the corresponding paragraph looks), and a multiple column option. Using the Paragraph Looks Menu 1 TEdit's paragraph-formatting commands are available on the Paragraph Looks menu (see figure 13). You can bring up this menu by bringing up the Basic Commands menu, then selecting Paragraph Formatting from the Expanded Menu command submenu. Alternatively, you can choose Para Looks from the Expanded menu itself. `xq睸tŶŶmwͲx667ly6ݶݶm\XQgn6````0f`9`ٰYf`9c1`ٰH6=c1`ٰx6=cf`ϟ00ٳ?7c3f`00ٳ7c7` l>03xc67``````` 1` 8x v`f@` a ` f@` ͞9;q aͶـ}y`m)'@` 0aͶـ͆a` mfm$@``͞x=py ?f{È@`@`6l!`8`` HH@H` H@0D `@@@D `' 8qwÈGCq0 (#`q`$A$HH@$I$$"I" I II P`$$HHCxIG(I$6`$l0HRII$m`qa n{GIq`p>` ` ````@0`@|0`0x `@ 00` 00D @`p.A||>q㛸 }8DgpGa`H)$A0606ٍ`Ͷl6 0 D @`HI<00>ُ`m 0}D C`H  00ٌ0`͆m 0mD$ D`pAyms|xrr0Cq`@``````````````````o````````````````o````````                  `````À`"@@"$@` @@"$`<D@`"@%@`"@&@`"@$@`À````````````````````````````````` Figure 13. The Paragraph Looks menu, showing the commands for formatting paragraphs, and the margin ruler The Paragraph Looks menu differs from TEdit's other persistent menus in that it contains a solid black rectangle, used for setting indentations, and a ruler, used for setting tab stops. The uses of the rectangle and the ruler are explained below in Setting Margins and Setting Tabs. Otherwise, you use this menu in the same way as the Character Looks menu. Using the Page Layout Menu 1 You can access TEdit's page-formatting commands from the Page Layout menu (see figure 14). You can bring up this menu by first bringing up the Basic Commands menu, then selecting Page Layout from the Expanded Menu command's submenu. Alternatively, you can choose Page Layout from the Expanded menu itself. `ߝ|:mommxߎVmnmVics}e00000f`0ٰYf`0ٰH60ٰx60ϟ00ٳ?000ٳ0 l>00000000`00xp >`000a0 `30`0a|A39@|93g0$A$l06 ``ll>m`0$G$0{7}```|3m`0$I$0#6 m````3m`0q|8`xv`<3g80@@08` 000000 0 ! 0@"?0;p pa `<0A!$ $B@I$9$l60G!$9' I8'm0I!$I$ I9m0g!8も pq0'= `0  @ 0@l08000000000000000?0?008x#x90ͱ0@ D@1ɒy08ĝ@@P DAq!`10I!$I$@2Np@ ArH96`10I$I<pB DBH893y0I$I s  DBHH9ϒ3͎08#N@xF

I3I$Ͷ0I$I >a> 3x$m0$I 0a2y3ym0)H䌏` 8|0l0008000`H0!0@@@!0 S9;1C8N r!0Q $"BI$ID@HI I$B@0! <#I$yGAO I$@!0Q "I$ADBHH I$@!0Q!G$9Cag 'B!0!0H000`@008@! 00@ @"  0Srqp98@1##v 0PHJ$H@I"$ I BBĈI0QȒI<HI"$@I "D$I 0HH@ HI"$@I "D$I 0rI09#@1! I 0@  0p@000@@ @ 0@B" !0@@@B"$ "0 I;b ATw88cc 0I$AT$$$$-$B$@0I$`AT$$r<$-0 8 |<630ll~0P $ f730 00q71bLy$ v8cfs<>p3xm>6g>π0 BI$"H$I I$A$|l3mmom6mm09By$ "H8rO I$0$fl3mmso 30RIBA$"H H I$$fl3mm3 30l0939bL! q I8r1s<pom0@ x00>0@800000>`q 030`q l09sx{< 㝜0m>m`ͳapl0jm 610mm`y7mnm 0mm`͆ymvmnmm0l39`0πmd<900000000!03!0}979111 !0m 3mHII" @0a}3}HyI"!0am3aHAI"!0a}=091# !0 !000000 0  0 s 0` 0s  @`0 0'@{9qm9Ϸx>|&w30!$@ @{mlmcmm0 ( D0"<omm{ 6m00 &#G0" omlml6lm0 !$D0'@g9=q7y0&330@0  00000000000000000000000000000 Figure 14. The Page Layout menu, showing the default page layout values There are three kinds of pages in a document: the first page, all other left-hand (even-numbered, or verso) pages, and all other right-hand (odd-numbered, or recto) pages. For each kind of page, you may specify separate layout and headings. Before you apply a Page Layout menu, you must specify which class of page you are setting up by choosing one of the options on the second line of the menu%First(&Default), Other Left, or Other Right. If you want the entire document laid out uniformly, you need only set up (and apply) parameters for the first page. When you have the menu set up as you want the layout to be, select Apply, and your specifications will be saved as part of the document. There will be no noticeable change in the document%page layout only happens when a document is printed. If you want to modify an existing page layout, choose the kind of page you want to modify and select Show. The menu will be filled in from the existing layout specifications. TEdit lets you specify what size paper you want to format the document for. The options are Letter (standard 8"-by-11"), Legal (8"-by-14"), and A4 (European letter size: 8"-by-11"). Specifying Vertical Line and Paragraph Spacing 1 The vertical space between lines in a paragraph is called line leading. You specify it in units of printer's points (72 to the inch). TEdit's default line leading is zero points, but that doesn't mean there is no space between lines: the body size of the characters allows some vertical space, to which line leading is added. Thus, TEdit measures line leading from the base of a line of characters to the top of the line below (rather than from baseline to baseline, the way typographers traditionally measure leading). You can also leave space above paragraphs (without using extra carriage returns) by specifying paragraph leading, also in units of printer's points. Paragraph leading is added to the existing line leading, so that if you specify two points line leading and eight points paragraph leading, you will have ten points of leading between paragraphs. Setting Margins 1 TEdit enables you to specify two kinds of margins: the basic page margins (left, right, top, and bottom) and paragraph margins, which are applied to selected paragraphs rather than the entire document (and which can override the basic page margins). The measurements for both kinds of margins, and all other TEdit specifications aside from those for leading, are given in picas (plus a half-pica where applicable). One pica is equal to 12 points, so there are about six picas to the inch. See figure 15 for an example of a basic page layout. ((SKETCH NIL SKETCHCONTEXT ((ROUND 1 0) (GACHA 10) (LEFT BASELINE) (LINE 30.0 12) NIL NIL ( CENTER CENTER) (NIL NIL) T NIL NIL 1.0)) ((.05 10.0 NIL) (TEXT (44.0 . 216.0) ("Paper") 1.0 (LEFT BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM ITALIC REGULAR)) ((44.0 213.0 28.0 10.0)) NIL)) ((0.0 18.0 NIL) (WIRE ((132.0 . 212.0) (132.0 . 176.0)) (ROUND 1 0) ((LINE 20.0 8.0) (LINE 20.0 8.0)) NIL 1.0)) ((.152 100.0 NIL) (BOX (44.0 12.0 152.0 200.0) (ROUND 1 0) NIL 1.0 (NIL NIL))) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (134.0 . 194.0) ("Top" "Margin") 1.0 (LEFT CENTER) (MODERN 8 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((134.0 194.0 14.0 11.0) (134.0 183.0 27.0 11.0)) NIL)) ((.092 64.0 NIL) (BOX (72.0 48.0 92.0 128.0) (ROUND 1 0) NIL 1.0 (32800 NIL))) ((0.0 16.0 NIL) (WIRE ((164.0 . 144.0) (196.0 . 144.0)) (ROUND 1 0) ((LINE 20.0 8.0) (LINE 20.0 8.0)) NIL 1.0)) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (180.0 . 140.0) ("Right" "Margin") 1.0 (CENTER TOP) (MODERN 8 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((170.0 130.0 20.0 11.0) (166.5 119.0 27.0 11.0)) NIL)) ((.05 13.0 NIL) (TEXT ( 90.0 . 134.0) ("T") 1.0 (LEFT BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((90.0 130.5 6.0 13.0)) NIL)) ((.05 13.0 NIL) (TEXT (106.0 . 118.0) ("E") 1.0 (LEFT BASELINE) (MODERN 10 ( MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((106.0 114.5 6.0 13.0)) NIL)) ((.05 13.0 NIL) (TEXT (122.0 . 102.0) ("X") 1.0 (LEFT BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((122.0 98.5 7.0 13.0)) NIL)) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (58.0 . 98.0) ("Left" "Margin") 1.0 (CENTER BASELINE) (MODERN 8 ( MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((51.0 101.0 14.0 11.0) (44.5 90.0 27.0 11.0)) NIL)) ((0.0 14.0 NIL ) (WIRE ((72.0 . 86.0) (44.0 . 86.0)) (ROUND 1 0) ((LINE 20 9.0) (LINE 20 9.0) T) NIL 1.0)) ((.05 13.0 NIL) (TEXT (136.0 . 86.0) ("T") 1.0 (LEFT BASELINE) (MODERN 10 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((136.0 82.5 6.0 13.0)) NIL)) ((0.0 18.0 NIL) (WIRE ((76.0 . 48.0) (76.0 . 12.0)) (ROUND 1 0) ((LINE 20.0 8.0) (LINE 20.0 8.0)) NIL 1.0)) ((.05 11.0 NIL) (TEXT (78.0 . 30.0) ("Bottom" "Margin") 1.0 (LEFT CENTER) (MODERN 8 (MEDIUM REGULAR REGULAR)) ((78.0 30.0 27.0 11.0) (78.0 19.0 27.0 11.0)) NIL))) (41.0 9.0 158.0 214.0) 1.0 2.0 Figure 15. A basic page layout You set the basic page margins for a document in the Page Layout menu. First type the desired pica measurement for each margin between the appropriate set of curly brackets. Then select the kind of page to which you want to apply the margins and click on the Apply command. The default measurement for each of the four margins is six picas (one inch). You set paragraph margins using the margin ruler on the bottom of the Paragraph Looks menu. There are three margin values: the left margin for the paragraph's first line, the left margin for the rest of the paragraph, and the paragraph's right margin. The margin ruler has three sensitive areas, one for each margin value. It shows the current values of the margins after you select Show or Apply. The first-line left margin is controlled by the top half of the ruler, left end. To move the margin, place the mouse cursor on the upper-left edge of the ruler, hold down the left mouse button, and drag the top of the ruler to the desired margin position. To make a margin neutral, so that applying the paragraph menu won't change the first-line left margins of any paragraphs, move the margin ruler with the right mouse button. The left edge of the black ruler will become gray, to indicate that it is neutralized. The left margin for the rest of the paragraph is controlled by the bottom half of the ruler, left end. You move it (and neutralize it) the same way. Likewise for the right margin, which is controlled by the right end of the margin ruler. There are a couple of differences here. First, you can set the right margin to zero, which will create a floating right margin (one that follows the right edge of the TEdit window or of the printed page). This is signalled by a margin ruler that is as wide as the window, but shows a value of zero at its right end. Since the editing window may be narrower than the document, you can also set the right margin beyond the edge of the window by pulling the ruler with the mouse past the window edge. A right margin you can't see is represented by a double wavy line at the ruler's right edge. The paragraph margins are added to the existing page layout margins; thus, if your left page layout margin is set to 6 picas and the left edge of your ruler is set to 6 picas, the left edge of the selected paragraph will be 12 picas in from the edge of the paper. Also, the right margin ruler values override the page layout values, so you can extend a paragraph into the right margin. You specify paragraph justification on the second line of the Paragraph Looks menu; the four options are Left, Right, Centered, and Justified. A left-justified paragraph has a ragged right margin, but is justified flush with the left margin (see figure 16). A right-justified paragraph has a ragged left margin, but is justified flush on the right. A centered paragraph is centered between the two margins. A justified paragraph is set flush with both the left and right margins. The default justification is ragged right. \( 8|8ppap,3dDD #d"rD  !D~"D4` !D@" DDp !D@"DLDqD""vx8``w xp8 H @ f8C0!`N "$Dc?" A!D "A!D "A!H'$DA8!n88s1Þ,,Du r"D 1""C ""@!"!1$" 9Gqw!! `  af xb"#"!N@"! D@"! D@"!" D@r"q$D@;ǎ-pap,39"t" #d"r~  !D~" @  !D@"@ " !D@"" &qD"";p`;``w  ? "!@<"!t#:f`p9B aF!""9@B`!B! "@B!B! "@B !B! "@ B`N! '!"'H;<4p;q3@0@s` 09 8L$" DH"DH @$" D@~ PD" D0@4`D" D@DP"pNH"LHH@4p`vÀ@0@g8<pBHH$" H@ B" H 0 B" HB!!HH$"B"Çp;8`q <ap ÈX>Ł#DDB !DDDG!CDDD!@D8DqD@$B  `G<BB<@@@@@CB :3 D$D" N""F"D$DB" D! ~B~D"B" D! @B@D"B!D! @B@D!B" !""'"q  @@. 08Xf9Dq!D"D!#D"D!"D"D!"D"N2!DD';4,gp80  p  ` 1 w,#!9f N@"20@ab@H"8@""!"@"@T"!!0"@T"! @"HD@"@! "@H'Îw9Àpspg98F B˃x8B D@ D!@O #@H "@H "@B @$D!  8p @`@ ,aq@,, 9"u#"2"u"~ ! " 2@ ! " @ ! ""! " q""&!2"H;q``w;q@@ \(   00` !pp,,#b"!9u2! b!!"!!P``!!"!""P!!"! "b ! !"ss8 ;;pw@   `A `!:wr,Ab@"F!"' 2A1""B!"" "?A!"B!B " A @"B!B " I1 "@" '! "3sqㆀpw @aap,ppPB" "r#AA "!A A@"!@ A@""!@ AB &"HAAgq;w 0A`p ww 08xp"""":D ̉""~"?!"T@  !"T@ !""D$q88q  @,pxxgs" NB CD "" DBADr "" DBAD "" DBAD""@$DBPIDwq@pp39 8X0<\:B DDDB D"FF D@GDB~B)@DCB(B@B)@DDB(B@BDDB8D d"'8Aa X@@@@@ ?                   ÀÀ"@@"$@$@ @@"$$<D@ǀ"@%@$@"@&@$@"@$@$@ÀÀ**AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA@88DDEHHL@EIHTxTD JHdDLHDDHH88π88T@T||` |?~?`aHD @ <>H$ @ f1a $~p1` dp8A<?` 0G0` @$ Af1a!HD A~ߏ<9!||> ?~aH@ @H  @   `p8 0G @  !H@ !|lx>`$ A$l$A$͍ A@#m@@A mAzA mA$ mA$ lsx> |<BADA  |Cq =@ @B @|< `>>` @A!@A ϟ>|~`| @A @A  lf1`" @ lf1>!@H of?@A@@ l f00@ A@A H  llf1` @ A!@A H c0|~`? >>A~  @"  @@A@ p8@`A B  C| Figure 17. Some tab settings and examples of left, right, and centered tabs `Vi al0ϟ 0a`l1  0a`l1  0a`l< @ ~lͶA 0a`l B 0a`l1  0a`l1  3a`l1 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD a`oFDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDG  @D @@@ \!xA bF#!"DB BD!!! D BD!!! D BD!##"DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD B44xDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDG  @ >$@  !@ 8!_GA D!"j$HLHB 8>B$HHG  2B$HH@ "D "B$HHHDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD 8 AGGDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDG   $~ @H #qf@B\9pH đ$H$|BbD G !C$@BB@  @H$@BB@  H$@@FBD DDDDDDDDDDD qᤌ@@:B8hDDDDDDDDDDG @   D @H Řp \xpH đ&d "bDĈ D >BDpH S$D  BDH 2$D"BDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDH DpB4xpDDDDDDDDDDDDDDC    C 8 Dqp.O D"D1# 8( !!A 2( !!A "D " !#DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDA 8q!DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDC !  Figure18. A document using dotted leaders Copying Paragraph Looks 1 There are two ways to copy paragraph looks. The first way is to select the paragraph to which you want the looks copied (the looks-copy selection), using the middle mouse button in the line bar of the window. Then, while holding down the Same key (or the meta key, if any, on the 1132 keyboard), select the paragraph the looks are to be copied from (the looks-source selection), again with the middle mouse button in the line bar. This marks the whole paragraph with a heavy dashed underline. When you release the Same key, the paragraph looks will be copied to the target paragraph. This works to copy paragraph looks within a TEdit window or from one TEdit window to another. You can abort a looks-copy by holding down a mouse button, releasing the Same key, then releasing the mouse button. The second way to copy paragraph looks is to select the text whose looks you want to copy, then select Show in the Paragraph Looks menu. TEdit will fill in the menu to show the looks of the selected text. If you are copying looks within a TEdit window, you can then select the text to which you want to copy the looks and apply the menu. If you are copying looks from one window to another, you will have to manually fill in the menu of the second window. Using Page Numbers 1 You set up page numbers in the Page Layout menu. First you specify whether you want a given kind of page to have page numbers by selecting First (& Default), Other Left, or Other Right, then one of the page number options Yes or No. If you want page numbers, you then select the kind you want from the Format options: arabic numerals (indicated by the 123 command), lowercase roman numerals (indicated by the xiv command) or uppercase roman numerals (indicated by the XIV command). You may also specify constant text to appear around each page number in the brackets following Text before number and Text after number. For example, if you want to create a document insert that has decimalized page numbers beginning with 33 (33.1, 33.2, etc.), type 33. in the brackets following Text before number, then choose the 123 page format. You may also type the page number the document should start on in the brackets following Starting Page #. You must then specify where you want to place the numbers on the page in the X and Y fill-in blanks. The location is measured from the lower-left corner of the paper, in picas, with the X value representing the horizontal location and the Y value representing the vertical location. Next, you must specify how to align the page number with the location you specified by choosing Left, Centered, or Right. If you specify left alignment, the left edge of the page number will print at the location you gave; centered alignment centers the page number at the spot you specified; right alignment puts the right edge of the page number at the location you specified. Suppose you want to have page numbers lined up against the page's margin, toward the outside edge of each page. Then you would specify right alignment for recto pages and left alignment for verso pages. You then choose the character looks for the page numbers. The page layout menu has a special section for setting the character looks used to print page numbers. Set the typeface, style, and size just as you would set regular character looks. All the settings you give will take effect when you apply the Page Layout menu. You will not see page numbers on the screen, only on printed copy. Creating Running Heads and Footers 1 Running heads, the headings at the tops of pages in a document, are guides to tell readers where they are. They usually repeat titles of parts of the document, perhaps in a shortened form. It is customary to place different running heads on left- and right-hand pages, with the heading on the left being the title of the document or a major part of the document, and the heading on the right being the title of a smaller subdivision of the document. Running footers appear at the bottoms of pages; they serve much the same purpose as running heads. They are less commonly used, but can serve to further clarify the reader's position in the document. Note the running heads and footers in this manual: the verso head displays the chapter title, the recto head displays the package name, and both footers identify the manual. It is common practice to omit running heads and footers on display pages (such as title pages), the first pages of chapters and other major divisions of a document, and pages that contain full-page illustrations. Creating a running head or footer in TEdit requires the use of both the Paragraph Looks and Page Layout menus. The Paragraph Looks menu is used to specify that a selected paragraph is a head or footer, and the Page Layout menu is used to select the kind of page(s) it should appear on and where. Running heads and footers are specified in the same way; for convenience, this document will refer to both as headings. First you should type the text of your heading, which must be a single paragraph, at the top of the document file (but see below). Select it. Then, using the Paragraph Looks menu, set the Page Heading command to reverse video and type a name for your heading within the curly brackets. Apply. A small gray box will appear at the left of the paragraph to indicate that it is now a page heading. If you want to make the paragraph stop being a page heading, select the paragraph again. Then click on the Page Heading command twice more, until it has a line through it, and select Apply. If you want to leave the current page heading status of the paragraph alone when you apply the menu, click on the Page Heading command until it is neutral%neither highlighted nor crossed out. The next step is to use the Page Layout menu to place your heading at a specific location on a given kind of page or pages. First, choose one of First (&Default), Other Left, or Other Right. Then fill in the information for the headings (you may have up to eight) for that kind of page. For each heading, specify a name (which must be the same name you used in the Paragraph Looks menu), in the set of curly brackets immediately after Heading Type. Then specify a location for the left end of the topmost line of text in the heading in the other two sets of curly brackets. X indicates the horizontal position and Y the vertical; the location is given in picas. Finally, select the Apply command. Your document will be printed with the running heads and footers you applied. However, the text you applied as headings will not be printed within the document; that is, you can't use the same paragraph as a title and as a heading. You can give different sections of a document in the same file different headings for the same kinds of pages. For example, suppose you have chapters 1 and 2 of a manual in the same file, and you want the recto heading of each chapter to display the chapter title. Insert the running head for chapter 1 (we'll call it heading A) right before the text of chapter 1, give it a label (say ChapTitle), and apply it to the right-hand pages in the standard manner. Now type the second heading (heading B) right before the text of chapter 2 and, again, label it ChapTitle and apply it to the right-hand pages. The first page after the text of heading A, that is, the first page of chapter 1, will display heading A. So will all subsequent right-hand pages until the first page of chapter 2, which will display heading B. Inserting a Page Break 1 You may ask that a new page (or column, if you're using multiple columns to the page) be started either before or after a paragraph by selecting the paragraph and applying a Before or After command in the Paragraph Looks menu. Before and After are three-state commands that can be used to set and reset the new-page property or leave it alone. Generally, it is easier to use the Before command. Once you have applied a page break, a small gray mark will appear at the far left of the window opposite the first line of the paragraph. Specifying a Special Paragraph Location 1 TEdit enables you to specify a special position for an individual paragraph; for example, extended into the left margin of the page (see figure 19). To specify a special position, you fill in the X (horizontal) and Y (vertical) values for the Special Locn command in the Paragraph Looks menu. You specify the location in picas from the lower-left corner of the paper; the lower-left corner of the paragraph's first line is placed at the location you specify. After you fill in the X and Y values, select the Apply command. The specially located paragraph will be marked with a small gray box at the far left of the window. L=`   Ǎ~1ϸ3g9Ϙcsn0l3cl61n06 c0`co1l6 c 0g6l1l6 c 0l36l1l06 cl0lsf6113c0gc11c A~  8pC "A  DHPY (A f.#G.XHP"j@(A 1$$H" !1"h0DG >BD~ !$"$ !!>@Cȁ  B|A !$" !! @ @H ""B@A1$!"$!1"@@DHAA A.#:.@|qC  x @   -p!B <Ű5@O3!B ! B@&! $BI$#!rBD@$! #D9$ ABĈ@$B! $HI$B$@ĐBROux<$g |@ @@@@@ \<9 .qp (GI83bBD LI1" HLI (H $IBB8#HI!9 #HHIDO$ABB HHI!  HHHI |HK$IBBDLI!" HHI H81zB<8gG!`uGHG` @Ç  ǘØÎx@ʁ8A<ʃÎCÎʆF   8 p   @$Áq#D8pGI,Dxz#<$q<<$A$$E& DQHHB5D#Q$`B@HR LH#!9$" 8rHD"!("$ B@Or  H!!A$" HD>!("$ B@H   HH!!"$A$!$ DHA!"$`B@H DHH#!Áu# 8pDA xt<@hG CF !`@  @@@  @/tH^GDx "8x8pK\8p΀$$$$ĂH@D $DfDLLHbDLHAQ$$$HHH@( (|$>8pHHEB|O $$$$HHH@( 4@$ HHEB@HH $d$$H@ "Dd"DHBBDHHB2 ã$tdFGxt !8x8pHHBB8GA@x`   8tx8IDČ DA @ Md @D HD DH R:t8 @ 8 @`"D!! !8xpGB>89 "D@! @" "@LB* B  "D@! @" "DHB"B"D "D H! !"$ "8xpGR<B8`t"8 !` 0@ @ @?@> @" @ @A \8$8syţ"À"qgG, , p z8pbD$D"&@PDH"$A"ȑ!4?"@5 "2DB|@9#!T'qT9O! @!  ""|B@$@"&@T$TH! @!  ""@BDH"D"$$HH$Aȑ! "@C! "2"DB8H!8u#ÀuG ?0= p"8p@@@x`xx> `A \:HxsЖaQG<="8xsЖa@8p z8.bFH2$ QHHH"D <"Dԉ "2D1#BBEqJHGÑ|q  ""|!!BBE$ JH@ @  d ""@!!BFB22$ DHHHD A"D"2"D!#B:BxxpΑDG xM8xxpΑ>:p"8@b@Àb @$@bSUBDIR>FILENAME.EXTENSION. When the file name is offered, a carriage return will start the Put process. If you want to rename the file, just start typing the file name%it will replace the existing one. You may use the Stop key or control-E to abort the operation. The Put command has a submenu that offers you the option of saving the file as plain text, regardless of formatting. Using this option removes all of TEdit's formatting from the file, leaving plain text. There is also an Old Format command that allows you to save TEdit files in an old format, that is, in that of the previous release of TEdit, for backward compatibility. Before selecting the Put command in the Expanded menu, you must type the file name between the curly brackets. To have the formatting removed when the file is saved, click on Unformatted until it is white-on-black before you select Put. There is no way to save TEdit files in an old format from the Expanded menu. Retrieving a Document 1 The Get command lets you read in a new file to edit, without saving the one you were working on. It appears in both the Basic Commands menu and the Expanded menu. When you choose Get from the Basic Commands menu, you'll be asked for a file name in the prompt region. Type the name of the file you want to retrieve and press the carriage return. If you are working on an unsaved TEdit file and choose Get, TEdit will warn you by printing Not saved yet; left to Get anyway in the prompt region. If you want to retrieve a new file into this window without saving the existing one, press the left mouse button; otherwise, press the right button. Or you may use control-E or the Stop key to abort the operation. Get has a submenu that offers you the option of retrieving the file as though it were plain text%any formatting information appears as odd characters. If you use the Get command in the Expanded menu, you must type the name of the file to retrieve between the curly brackets before choosing Get. If you want to retrieve the file as an unformatted file, first click on Formatted until it appears white-on-black. Including a Document 1 The Include command lets you copy the contents of a file into a TEdit window, inserting it where the caret is. You can invoke Include from either the Basic Commands menu or the Expanded menu. If you use the Basic Commands menu, TEdit will ask you for a file name in the prompt region. Instead of a file name, you may use the Stop key or control-E to abort the operation. If you use the Expanded menu, you must type the file name in the curly brackets before selecting Include. Printing a Document 1 You can print a TEdit document using either the Hardcopy command in the TEdit Expanded menu or the Hardcopy command in the Interlisp-D right-button window menu. The Expanded menu command offers you two options that are not available from the window menu: number of copies and double- or single-sided output, as well as the name of a specific printer. The default is one single-sided copy printed on your default printer. Any special options must be specified before you click on Hardcopy. Typing the name of a printer in the brackets after Server will make TEdit send the document to that printer; typing a number in the brackets after Copies will tell TEdit to print that number of copies. You can print a document single-sided or double-sided (if your printer can produce double-sided documents) by choosing one of the options One Side or Duplex; if you select neither, the document will be printed single-sided. After you select the desired options, click on the Hardcopy command. TEdit will display the message Formatting for print in the prompt region, which means it is translating the file into a form the printer can understand. When TEdit finishes formatting the file, it will print Number of pages done and send the file to the printer. Additional messages will appear in your Interlisp-D prompt window, reporting on the status of the printing job. Selecting the Hardcopy command in the window menu sends a document to your default Interpress or Press printer. You can send it to a different printer by rolling the mouse cursor out the right side of the menu and choosing To a Printer from the submenu that pops up (the other command on the submenu, To a File, is explained in Creating an Interpress or Press File, below). To a Printer brings up a second submenu containing the name of your default printer and Other. If you want to use another printer, select Other. A separate prompt window will appear, in which you should type the name of the desired printer followed by a carriage return (or just a carriage return if you want to abort the operation). Another menu will then appear, asking if you want to make the new printer your default printer. If you select Yes, the new printer will become your new default printer and will be added to the printer menu; if you select No, the printer will just be added to the menu. TEdit will then format the file and send it to the printer, displaying the same status messages as for the Expanded menu Hardcopy command. Creating an Interpress or Press File 1 Formatting a file for printing can be a fairly time-consuming and machine-intensive process, especially if the document is long or contains many graphic images (see Working With Graphic Images, below). It is usually worthwhile to avoid repeating this step by creating a printer file for a document that will be printed many times. Such a file is called an Interpress or Press file, depending on the kind of printer it was made for (one type of file cannot be printed on the other type of printer). Note that you cannot edit a printer file; if you want to change the document you must edit it in TEdit, save it, and create a new printer file. To create a printer file, bring up the Interlisp-D window menu with the right mouse button and roll the cursor out the right side of the Hardcopy command. Select To a File. A separate prompt window will appear asking you for a file name; type the name and press the carriage return (or just the carriage return to abort). Then a menu will appear that offers you the choice between creating an Interpress or a Press file; select the appropriate command. TEdit will create a printer file for the document and save it on your default directory. If the file name you gave has no extension, TEdit defaults it to IP or Press. Alternatively, if you specified a file name with extension IP or Press, then TEdit infers the type of printer file you want and doesn't ask you for the file type. You can then send the file to a printer from outside TEdit using the File Browser or by typing the Interlisp printing function (SEND.FILE.TO.PRINTER 'FILE 'HOST) in your executive window. (You can also use the File Browser or SEND.FILE.TO.PRINTER to print regular TEdit files, but they will first undergo the formatting process.) Sending a File to a Telecopier 1 You can print a document to a remote telecopier using the Hardcopy command in TEdit's Expanded menu or the right-button window menu, providing certain hardware and software has been set up. Specifically, you must have an NS printer with the telecopier option and a telecopier for the printer to drive. Also, your site initialization file must contain the variable DEFAULTFAXHOST set to the name of the printer running the fax print service. If you don't know whether you can use the telecopier option, see your local network administrator. Before you send a file to the printer, you must find out what the recipient's telecopier phone number is. If you want to send a document using TEdit's Expanded menu, fill in the server blank with the recipient's name, followed by an @, followed by the full telephone number of the recipient's telecopier (e.g., Server: {Jane Doe@312-555-1212}). Then select Hardcopy to send your document to the telecopier. If you use the right-button window menu's Hardcopy command, choose the To a Printer option; specify the name of the printer as the recipient's name, followed by an @, followed by the full telephone number of the recipient's telecopier. For each new recipient, you'll need to go through the Other option in the printer menu. Don't forget the initial 9- if your fax server's telecopier is on a PBX. Once you've sent something to a person this way, his or her name and telecopier number will appear in the Which Printer? menu in the future. Quitting a TEdit File 1 The Quit command causes the editor to stop without updating the file you're editing. If you haven't saved your changes, you'll be asked to confirm this. You can also quit just by closing the window from the right-button window menu. Working With Graphic Images 1 TEdit enables you to easily illustrate documents with graphic images (sometimes called image objects) such as rules, bit maps, graphs, and drawings. The creation of each type of graphic image is discussed in the appropriate program's documentation. Rules are created with HRule and graphs with Grapher, both described in the Graphics chapter of the Lisp Library Packages Manual. Bit maps of parts of the screen are created with shift-Snap and edited with EditBitMap (see the Lisp Library Packages Manual and A User's Guide to Sketch). Drawings are created with Sketch and are fully discussed in A User's Guide to Sketch. Once you have created a graphic image, you can copy-select or move-select it into a TEdit document just as you would copy or move text from one TEdit window to another. TEdit sees each graphic image as a single character, which means that it can be selected, copied, moved, and deleted like any other character. You can use the Paragraph Formatting menu to center a graphic image or line it up; it will qualify as a single paragraph if you insert a carriage return before and after it. When you scroll a TEdit window, the graphic image will move all at once, sometimes leaving unexpected blanks until you have scrolled far enough for the entire image to appear in the window. If the image still does not appear, try enlarging your window. 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