Cedar Voice System September 1986 The Cedar Voice System Douglas B. Terry in collaboration with Daniel C. Swinehart Polle T. Zellweger Computer Science Laboratory Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Goals of the Voice Project · Taming the telephone better placement and receipt of calls better handling of special features better human-assisted call handling · Voice as data recorded voice messages synthesized text-to-speech messages voice-annotated documents integration with other interactive applications · Programmer control over all of the above · Not speech recognition! Etherphones · speak Voice Transmission Protocol · respond to control commands (RPC) set up connection generate dial tone, busy signal · report events off hook, ringing, touch tone buttons · provide analog interface to telephone network Voice Control Server · manages connections · monitors and controls state of each Etherphone · coordinates workstation user interfaces · stores voice objects · maintains databases Etherphone-workstation assignments directory assistance (white/yellow pages) ring tunes Voice File Server · speaks Voice Transmission Protocol · records voice files · plays voice files · stores ~9.5 hours of voice (300 Mbytes) · performs backup of voice files · maintains file directory · participates in garbage collection Workstations · user interface for telephony call placement call status white pages · user interface for recorded voice mail system voice editing · program access to voice and telephone features Voice Transmission Protocol · 64 Kbits/sec = 50 packets/sec · 20 msec packet = 160 8-bit samples · silence detection => 50% · DES encryption · ~40 msec end-to-end delay 20 msec  packetization 10 msec  encryption and delivery 10 msec  anti-jitter · no retransmission · capacity 10 Mbit ethernet => ~225 users 3 Mbit ethernet => ~100 users 1.5 Mbit ethernet => ~60 users ... assuming no data traffic Conversation Management · one or more parties per conversation sources and sinks of voice non-voice participants, e.g. workstations · conversation establishment state machine (idle, notified, ringing, ringback, active, ...) parties act autonomously notifications of state changes · authenticated or presumed identities · active parties use Voice Transmission Protocol · broadcast reports during active conversation encryption key distribution recording started, playback finished, etc. Recorded Voice Objects · recording/playing voice sets up conversation between Etherphone and Voice File Server · editing operations similar to those for character strings Concatenation, Substring, Replace, etc. exception: need to determine talkspurts and silence intervals · editing operations produce new voice objects · operations performed on server · voice data never copied or decrypted (except when played) Voice Storage · two-level storage hierarchy: tunes and voice objects many-to-many relationship between tunes and voice objects · tunes encrypted voice samples (block-mode) stored on Voice File Server · voice objects sequence of tune intervals structure stored in database · editing builds up complex voice object structures Data Management · voice database requirements simple data model, good performance, sharing · operation logs append-only (or read-only) human readable and editable stored on a variety of file systems · indexing provided by BTrees BTree entry = [log id, byte address] · logs represent the truth! 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