Laurel Manualby Douglas K. BrotzCSL-81-6May 1981c Copyright Xerox Corporation 1981All Rights ReservedAbstract: Laurel is an Alto-based, display-oriented, computer mail system interface. Itprovides facilities to retrieve mail and present it for delivery, and to display, forward, classify,file, edit and print messages. Additional features include facilities to read, write and copyfiles, run programs, and a whole lot more. Laurel is a component of a distributed messagesystem that has been in operation for several years in the Xerox Research Internet.This document is a description of the facilities contained in Laurel. Several tips on properuse of computer mail facilities in a social context are included.Key words and phrases: Alto, Distributed computing, Electronic mail, Ethernet, Grapevine,Laurel, Text editor, User interface.XEROXPALO ALTO RESEARCH CENTER3333 Coyote Hill RoadPalo Alto, California 94304яо¶пW;pфћо¶пREqфXо¶пM•rо фFо¶пH6stфр!о1пF$о¶п<ўqфи uр?фйо¶п:nф‘р3ф’р1о¶п89фµф¶р?о¶п6фџр$ф р6о¶п3РфрSо¶п/хфЁф©рKо¶п-АфрAо¶п$qф’uф“р1о¶п!жфр$о'цпуvо'яп)qфXо'яп ИrфFо'япЉ–¶g>RLе}LAUREL MANUAL iiо(·пfсwxwфXxо'яп_9rфFо)eп№w'яr јd™LAUREL MANUALTable of Contents1. Introduction11.1.What is Laurel?11.2.What is this manual?11.3.How to obtain Laurel21.4.How to run Laurel21.5.Acknowledgments32. Basic notions and facilities52.1The user interface62.1.1Command invocation62.1.2Editing conventions62.1.3Brackets72.2The display82.2.1Scrolling and thumbing82.2.2New mail Retrieving your new mail92.3The table-of-contents region92.3.1Selecting messages92.3.2Mark characters102.4Status information in the upper menu102.4.1Laurel version102.4.2Date and time102.4.3In-box status112.4.4Free disk pages112.5Message display region122.6Message composition region122.7The feedback region123. Screen commands133.1Upper menu commands133.1.1User Logging in133.1.2New mail Retrieving your new mail143.1.3Mail file Establishing your current mail file143.1.4Quit Leaving Laurel153.2Received message manipulation163.2.1Display Viewing a message163.2.2Delete Indicating messages to be destroyed163.2.3Undelete Indicating messages to be retained163.2.4Move to Filing messages173.3Hardcopy Printing messages173.3.1Printer183.3.2Form183.3.3Copies193.3.4Two sided193.3.5Private20iiiо(·пfсpqpфXqо'Нп^Пrфiо¶п[ЗsфЂоB%pо пYЩsооB pо пWлsооB pо пUэsооB pо пTsооB pо пR"sооB pо¶пOsоB%pо пM,sооB pо пKЁsо`оB pо пJ#sо`оB pо пHџsо`оB pо пFІsо оB pо пE-sо`оB pо пC©sо`р#оB pо пAјsооB pо п@7sо`оB pо п>іsо`оB pо п<Жsор$оB pо п;Asо` оB pо п9Ѕsо`оB pо п89sо`оB pо п6µsо`оB pо п4ЗsооB pо п2ЪsооB pо п0мsооB pо¶п-дsоB%pо п+цsооB pо п*rsо`оB pо п(оsо`р#оB pо п'isо`р/оB pо п%еsо`оB pо п#шsооB pо п"ssо`оB pо п пsо`р,оB pо пksо`р-оB pо пзsо`оB pо пщsооB pо пusо`оB pо псsо`оB pо пmsо`оB pо пйsо`оB pо пesо`оB pо)п№†¶r7Оd™ЃLAUREL MANUAL3.4Message initialization commands203.4.1New form Initializing a new message213.4.2Answer Replying to a message213.4.3Forward Resending received messages213.5File commands223.5.1Get Reading a file223.5.2Put Writing a file233.5.3Copy Copying or transferring a file243.6Run Running a program; Laurel extensions243.7Deliver Sending a message253.7.1Editing the message header263.7.2Naming recipients263.7.3Public distribution lists273.7.4Private distribution lists283.7.5Delivery283.7.6Corresponding with Arpanet recipients294. The Laurel editor314.1Getting started324.2Selecting text324.2.1Target and source selections324.2.2The selection hierarchy334.2.3Character selection334.2.4Word selection334.2.5Line selection334.2.6Paragraph selection344.2.7Document selection344.2.8Selection extension344.2.9Selection expansion 354.2.10Selection reduction364.2.11Type-in point selection (modeless editor only)364.2.12Replace selection (modeless editor only)364.3Text input374.3.1Special characters374.3.2Shifted selection384.3.3Secondary selection (modal editor only)384.3.4Delete selection (modeless editor only)394.3.5Move selection (modeless editor only)394.4Keyboard commands404.4.1A (COM-A) Append text414.4.2B (COM-B) Placeholder brackets414.4.3D (DEL, COM-D) Delete text424.4.4E (COM-E) Select everything424.4.5F (COM-F) Find424.4.6G (COM-G) Get file444.4.7I (COM-I) Insert text444.4.8P (COM-P) Put file454.4.9R (COM-R) Replace text454.4.10S (COM-S) Substitute454.4.11T (COM-T) Insert Time464.4.12U (CANCEL, COM-U) Undo or cancel last text modification474.4.13ESC (DO) Repeat last text modification48ivяо(·пfсpqpфXqо п_sофЂоB pо п]’sо`р%оB pо п\sо`оB pо пZЉsо`р%оB pо пXњsооB pо пWsо`оB pо пU”sо`оB pо пTsо`р%оB pо пR"sор*оB pо пP4sооB pо пN°sо`оB pо пM,sо`оB pо пKЁsо`оB pо пJ#sо`оB pо пHџsо`оB pо пGsо`р%оB pо¶пDsоB%pо пB%sооB pо п@7sо оB pо п>іsо`оB pо п=/sо`оB pо п;«sо`оB pо п:'sо` оB pо п8Јsо` оB pо п7sо`оB pо п5›sо`оB pо п4sо`оB pо п2“sо`оB pо п1sо`оB pо п/‹sо`р.оB pо п.sо`р(оB pо п,sо оB pо п*•sо`оB pо п)sо`оB pо п'Ќsо`р'оB pо п& sо`р'оB pо п$…sо`р%оB pо п"—sооB pо п!sо`ts оB pо пЏsо`tsоB pо пsо`t s оB pо п‡sо`tsоB pо пsо`tsоB pо п~sо`ts оB pо пъsо`ts оB pо пvsо`ts оB pо птsо`tsоB pо пnsо`tsоB pо пкsо`ts оB pо пfsо`tsр(оB pо пвsо`tsоB pо)п№v¶r7Оd™вLAUREL MANUAL4.4.14(NEXT) Select next placeholder484.4.15(PASTE) Insert previous deletion484.4.16', ", <, (, [, {, - (COM-', COM-", etc.) Bracket commands494.4.170, 1, ... 9 (COM-0, COM-1, ... COM-9) Shortcut screen rearrangement495. The Laurel profile516. Message system mores617. Look before you leap . . .718. If things go wrong . . .739. Things a casual user doesn't really need to know75AppendicesA. Command line options77B. Programs available for the Run command79B.1.Chat80B.2.Maintain82B.3.InsertMail85B.4.Files86B.5SearchMail88B.6MailFileScavenger89C. Hardcopy forms91D. Laurel and MSG101E. Laurel 6 vs. Laurel 5.1 and LaurelX103Figures1. Sample Laurel Screen02. Laurel 6 modeless editor command summary105vо(·пfсpqpфXqо п_sо`tsфЂоB pо п]’sо`tsоB pо п\sо`tр(sоB pо пZЉsо`tр%sоB pо¶пWЃsоB%pо¶пTysоB%pо¶пQqsоB%pо¶пNisоB%pо¶пKasр3оB%pо¶пGs о¶пDsоB%pо¶пAsр)оB%pо п?sооB pо п=/sооB pо п;Asо оB pо п9TsооB pо п7fsо оB pо п5xsооB pо¶п2psоB%pо¶п/hstоAupо¶п,_sр&оAupо¶п(sо¶п%sоAupо¶п" sр+оAupо){п№яЦ¶r7Оd™ПLAUREL MANUAL0 яо$МпfЄpqpфXqоgпfсpоgп_фяg^П ј <1. Introduction11. Introduction1.1. What is Laurel?Laurel is an Alto-based, display-oriented, computer mail system interface. It provides facilities toretrieve mail and present it for delivery, and to display, forward, classify, file, and print messages.Additional features include facilities to read, write and copy files, run programs, and a whole lotmore. Laurel is a component of a distributed message system that has been in operation forseveral years in the Xerox Research Internet. Laurel executes on an Alto (or Dolphin orDorado emulating an Alto) and uses the display, keyboard and mouse in a fashion befitting Alto-based software.1.2. What is this manual?This manual is a reference document for Laurel. The Laurel team believes that most of the basicfacilities of Laurel are self-explanatory, and that you can use Laurel quite competently afterreading only this introductory section and taking the interactive tutorial using Laurel itself (seeHow to obtain Laurel below). Laurel also has features that are not immediately obvious, andafter becoming acquainted with the system, you will want to read about those facilities in thismanual.Sections 3, 4, and 5 describe features of Laurel in detail. On first reading, you may read theintroductory portion of each of these sections, quickly skim the rest, and return to them later togain understanding of their finer points. Section 6 describes proper message system behavior, andshould be read by every message system user, new or old. Section 7 contains advice that is usefulafter gaining some familiarity with Laurel through the earlier sections. Sections 8 and 9 may beskipped on first reading as their titles imply. Appendices A, B, and C give detailed informationon a variety of topics, and may be read later as their information becomes relevant to your usageof Laurel. Appendix D has important information if you currently use MSG. Appendix E is ashort summary of the differences between Laurel 6 and previous versions of Laurel.If you have the time, it is perfectly all right to read this manual from beginning to end. Many ofthe functions provided by Laurel are interdependent; extensive cross-indexing is used throughoutthis manual to avoid repeating information in several places.The Laurel team will be very happy to hear any suggestions you may have, and is particularlyinterested in your experiences in using the system. Comments should be sent toLaurelSupport.PA (using the facilities provided by Laurel!)The version of Laurel described in this manual is Laurel 6. It replaces all previous versions ofLaurel (those with smaller numbers and LaurelX). Previous versions of Laurel are no longersupported. It is in your best interest to update now to Laurel 6, as previous versions may stopworking in the future due to changes in the message transport system.яо%ДпfЄpфXоG?пfсоgп^ПqфоgпZCrоgпVСpфЊрbфЌоgпUф€ф‰рNоgпS<ф•рWф–оgпQqфёф№р<оgпO§фЖфЗрMоgпMЬф€р"ф‰р=оgпLфоgпG…rоgпDpф†рIф‡оgпBIфРр3фСр+оgп@~ф¬рWфоgп>іsфµpф¶р?оgп<йф±фІрAоgп;оgп7¬фЇф°рBоgп5вф™р/фљр3оgп4фЃрEф‚оgп2LфЃ ф‚рTоgп0‚ф•р6ф–р+оgп.·ф—рaоgп,нф‹р0фЊр1оgп+"фћфџр3tpоgп)WфрRоgп%еф„ф…рTоgп$ф‘р4ф’р,оgп"Pфр=оgпЮф©р.фЄр.оgпфUр3фVоgпIфр;оgпЧфЎр8фўр)оgпф»р:фјр!оgпBфџрEф оgпwфрEg0=‡UЫLAUREL MANUAL21.3. How to obtain LaurelWe strongly recommend that new users obtain a Non-Programmer's disk to be used primarily forprocessing and managing messages (see section 7 for the reasons behind this recommendation).Two Alto command files are available on most file servers for obtaining Laurel. If you are a newuser, you should issue the following commands to the Alto Executive:>Ftp FileServer Retrieve LaurelNewUser.cm CR>@LaurelNewUser CRwhere FileServer should be replaced by your local file server's name. This obtains Laurel andstarts it up in a tutorial mode. If you are a new user, you should do this now, before reading therest of this manual. What follows will be much easier to assimilate once you have a passingacquaintance with Laurel. After you have finished the tutorial, please do read the rest of thismanual, especially section 6.If you are already familiar with Laurel, you should issue the following commands to the AltoExecutive:>Ftp FileServer Retrieve Laurel.cm CR>@Laurel CRwhich merely retrieves the files necessary to run Laurel.Fine point: Laurel 6 is a Mesa 6 program set up as a run file. It requires no other parts of the Mesa environmenton the local disk. This one version of Laurel 6 adapts itself to your machine; no special extended memory version isnecessary.1.4. How to run LaurelTo invoke Laurel, type>Laurel CRto the Alto Executive. This is the default method of invoking Laurel. Command line options are discussed inAppendix A.To invoke the Laurel tutorial (after obtaining it with @LaurelNewUser), type>Laurel Tutorial CRяо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_rфоgп[¤pф‰р+фЉр1оgпYЩфф®р<оgпVgфѓр$ф„р=оgпTќфрDо]пQюs pр#tо]пP4ptоgпM•pф«s pр6ф¬оgпKЛф„ф…рRоgпJфёрRф№ оgпH6фр)ф®р7оgпFkфоgпBщфґр\оgпA. о]п>ђфs ptо]п<Жptоgп:'pр9оgп6Щtф‘ф’р`оgп5Uф‰рjфЉ оgп3Р оgп/hrфоgп+цpо]п*+tоgп(`pф—tфрQоgп&№ф оgп#jpрLо]п! t:g!Y<‡FІА1. Introduction31.5. AcknowledgmentsThe Laurel program and its associated mail transport facilities are the product of the combinedefforts of many individuals. The members of the Laurel team have included at various times (inalphabetical order): Richard M. Barth, Douglas K. Brotz, James J. Horning, Robert Kierr, J.Timothy Korb, Roy Levin, Roger Needham, Michael D. Schroeder, Jay Spitzen, and BenWegbreit. Persons who have provided supporting facilities included in Laurel include Hal G.Murray, James E. White, and the entire Mesa Group. The mail transport facilities are due toAndrew D. Birrell, David R. Boggs, Stephen C. Butterfield, Roy Levin, Michael D. Schroeder,and Edward A. Taft. Inspiration and managerial support were provided by Jerome I. Elkind,Robert M. Metcalfe, and Robert W. Taylor.For an interactive program to become polished and meet the needs of its user population,extensive testing and accumulation of user experience are all important. Special thanks are due tothe dedicated Alpha-testers of Laurel throughout its development, whose collective suggestionsand patient error tracking have helped to shape this system into its present form.Last, but not least, none of this would have been possible without the existence of the Alto, theEthernet, and, of course, the Xerox Corporation.яо%ДпfЄpфXоG?пfсоgп_rфоgп[¤pф¤р*фҐр5оgпYЩфЏр<фђр#оgпXфЕр>фЖоgпVDфсфтрEоgпTyфёрYф№оgпRЇфф®р=оgпPдфф®рRоgпOф¶рRф·оgпMOфр)оgпIЭфЭрGфЮоgпHфЂр%фЃр>оgпFHфЅфѕр@оgпD}фрRоgпAфрBф™оgп?Aфр0"g>ъ<‡)‡LAUREL MANUAL4 яо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_фяg^П ј <2. Basic notions and facilities52. Basic notions and facilitiesLaurel is a display-based, interactive program that manipulates a particular class of files, calledmail files. In essence, a mail file is just a sequence of messages, each of which is a text stringformatted according to certain conventions. The details of these conventions are not of majorinterest to most userssuffice it to say that messages have a header and a body; a header contains(at least) a sender, a subject, one or more recipients, and a date. For each mail file, Laurelconstructs and maintains a table-of-contents that summarizes the messages residing in the file.Mail files are private to each user, meaning that your mail files reside on your own Alto disk(s).Laurel provides facilities for receiving messages, manipulating mail files, examining andresponding to messages, composing and sending new messages, and cataloging, filing, and printingmessages.Laurel is an interface program that allows access to the facilities provided by the MessageTransport System. This system provides users with in-boxes, mail drops and a name data base.An in-box is a place where messages sent to a message system user are stored until that userrequests those messages. The in-box resides on a mail server or file server. A mail drop is aservice to which messages addressed to any user(s) of the message system may be sent. TheMessage Transport System sorts out the recipients and delivers the messages to their individualin-boxes. The name data base holds the names of registered users of the message system alongwith named lists of such users.Each user's message system name consists of two parts separated by a period. The second part isthe registry; the first part is an identifier for a person within that registry. Registries exist topartition the number of names understood by the message system and to help the message systemdetermine on which mail server the in-box for a particular user will be found. For example, inthe actual message system name "LaurelSupport.PA", the registry is PA and the user name withinthat registry is LaurelSupport.The Message Transport System is presently implemented by two distinct systems, MTP andGrapevine. For the most part, Laurel hides the differences between these two implementations sothat you need not be aware of the particular system to which you are connected. However, thereare some functions of the Message Transport System, particularly with regard to publicdistribution lists, that are different depending on which implementation is supported in yourregistry. These differences are noted in this manual.MTP (for Message Transport Protocol) is the older system, and is currently used on IFS fileservers and on Maxc. Grapevine (or GV) is the newer system, providing distributed functionsthroughout the Xerox Internet and more powerful operations to its clients. These two systemsinterface to each other so that users of either system are connected to the entire message systemcommunity. At the time of this writing, the PA and ES registries are served by Grapevine; allothers are served by MTP. As time goes on, Grapevine will gradually replace MTP throughoutthe Xerox Internet.о!їпfЄpфXоG?пfсоgп^ПqфоgпZCpф ф®рXоgпXxrф¦ pф§р!rpоgпV®фІр^оgпTгф„ф…р.rprpоgпSфЖrprp rprpфЗоgпQNфГrpфДр3оgпOѓф”р1ф•р1оgпM№ф(р?ф)оgпKофЃр%ф‚р;оgпJ#оgпFІфбфврKrоgпDзф¬pфр!rpr pr pоgпCф·rpфёрPоgпARфрEф®rpоgп?‡фјр#фЅр7оgп=јфЁф©рAоgп;тф rфЎ pр@оgп:'фоgп6µф‰р5фЉр+оgп4лфґrpфµрIоgп3 ф„рBф…оgп1UфљрDф›оgп/‹ф„рBф…оgп-Афоgп*NфЩфЪр7оgп(„фЂр+фЃр5оgп&№ф€ф‰рNоgп$офр+фр+оgп#$фМфНрEоgп!Yфр6оgпзфАр9фБр"оgпф¬р'фр5оgпRф«р!ф¬р<оgп‡фрGф™оgпЅфўрOфЈоgптф›фњрJоgп(фЊgб=‡U*FLAUREL MANUAL62.1. The user interfaceLaurel is a highly interactive system in which economy and clarity of expression are essential. Instriving to provide a convenient user interface, Laurel borrows a number of conventions familiarto users of other Alto subsystems. This section describes the principles that underlie the Laureluser interface.2.1.1. Command invocationMost Laurel facilities are invoked by use of the mouse, with the keyboard being used almostexclusively for text entry. Commands are generally represented by words or phrases on thedisplay screen. You invoke a screen command by moving the mouse until the cursor points atthe desired command, then clicking a mouse button (usually RED). If you hold down RED andmove the cursor to point at a command, the command will appear inverted (i.e., white letters onblack background). When you release the button, the command name will appear grayed (i.e.,black letters on a gray halftone background). If, while holding down the mouse button, youchange your mind about the command you intend to select, simply move the cursor until theinverted name is restored to its normal state, then release the button. A fine point: position the cursorso that it points at the command, not so that it rests on top of it.Normally, you use RED to invoke screen commands. Some commands have such a significanteffect on the current state that you must confirm them explicitly, and in such cases Laurel willprompt you. If you are certain in advance, you may invoke the command by clicking BLUE.Laurel will then suppress the prompt for confirmation and execute the selected commandimmediately. Some commands require extra confirmation even when invoked with BLUE.Laurel prompts you for confirmation by displaying the messageType ESC to confirm, DEL to cancel command.in the feedback region at the bottom of the screen. It also displays a large flashing question markin the cursor. You may confirm by striking ESC, CR, Y, or space, or by clicking YELLOW. If youstrike DEL or N, the command will be aborted. Ultra-fine point: if you change your mind after pressingYELLOW, but before releasing it, clicking RED will turn it into a DEL!2.1.2. Editing conventionsLaurel supports two distinct editor styles, modal and modeless. By default, Laurel will use themodal editor; to change this you must place an entry in your Laurel profile (see section 5). Themodal editor is similar to the Laurel 5.1 editor and to Bravo 7 and 8. The modeless editor issimilar to the LaurelX editor (previously distributed on a limited basis) and to BravoX. Wheneither editor allows you to supply text, it displays a blinking caret at the appropriate place on thescreen. Striking BS or CTRL-A deletes the character to the left of the caret; CTRL-W deletes theword to the left of the caret.о$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_tфоgпZЉpф‹рPфЊоgпXїф—фрMоgпVфф› фњрWоgпU*фоgпPћtоgпM,pф№фєрEоgпKaфКрBфЛоgпI–фўр$фЈр7оgпGМф фЎр"spspоgпFф–ф—р$rpоgпD7фЄрAф«rpоgпBlфјфЅрKоgп@Ўфµр0ф¶р)оgп>Чф‚р3фѓsр"оgп=/ф usр0оgп9бpф±spр6фІоgп8фҐрFф¦оgп6Kф№фєрGspоgп4Ѓфтр5фур!оgп2¶ф sрEоgп/Dpр=оgп-zrфXururоgп+ЇpфЃрEф‚оgп)дф‹р,spspspspфЊоgп(фљspspsф›оgп&sфрFоgп" tоgпpфф®rprpр"оgпНфЏрCфђоgпф©р=фЄр!оgп8ф¦ ф§рPоgпmфЉр^ф‹оgпЈфҐspspр%ф¦spоgпШфяg‘=‡Tz62. Basic notions and facilities7Shifted selection is available as an alternative to typing in either editor. A shifted selection ismade by holding down either SHIFT key on the keyboard, making a selection with the SHIFT keystill down, and finally lifting up on the SHIFT key. At this point, the selected text will be copiedto the point indicated by the blinking caret. Shifted selection may be used at any time duringtype-in, not just immediately after issuing an editor command.In the modal editor, type-in must be terminated by typing ESC; in the modeless editor no explicittermination is required.The Laurel editor is described in detail in section 4.2.1.3. BracketsSeveral Laurel commands require text arguments. For instance, commands that manipulate a fileneed to know the name of the file on which they are to act. Text arguments appear in {brackets}following the command name on the screen.When you invoke such a command by clicking RED, Laurel prompts you to fill in the brackets bydisplaying a blinking caret within the brackets. If there is already text within the brackets, the caret followsthe text. In addition to the type-in conventions described above (including shifted selection), thefollowing rules apply: If you strike ESC, CR, TAB, or space, or click YELLOW on the originalcommand, the caret disappears and the contents of the brackets remain unchanged. If you strike BSor CTRL-W the contents of the brackets will be edited as if you had just typed that text. If you type anythingelse, it replaces the complete text within the brackets. Type-in is terminated by ESC, CR, TAB,space, or YELLOW click on the original command. Striking DEL cancels the entire command. Ifthe text is too long to be displayed in the brackets then the middle of the text is represented as ". . .".If instead of typing to fill in brackets for several commands that require filename arguments, youclick RED on the original command again, Laurel will search your Alto file directory for anappropriate filename. Holding RED down on the original command will cause Laurel torepeatedly fill in the brackets with successive appropriate filenames from your directory. The mostrecently used files will appear first. The meaning of "appropriate" varies with the particular commandand is discussed in the section for each command. If you invoke the command with BLUE rather than RED, Laurel executes the commandimmediately, using the text argument already contained within the brackets, with no furtheraction on your part. This is true of all commands that have text arguments in brackets, with the exception of theUser command.яо!їпfЄpфXоG?пfсоgп_rфґpрSоgп]Kфђspф‘р.spоgп[ЂфЌфЋspр6оgпY¶ф¤фҐрBоgпWлфр>оgпTyф€р!ф‰spр$оgпRЇфоgпO=р6оgпJ±tоgпG?pфЉр>ф‹оgпEtфЃр;ф‚trtоgпC©pфр)оgп@7ф„р+spф…оgп>mф‡р2s ф€р4оgп<ўфџpр(ф р3оgп:Шф»р&spspspspфјоgп9 ф„рPsф… оgп7BфЏр;фђpоgп5xф¬фрKspspspоgп3фљ spр*spф›sоgп1гфЪр$фЫрGоgп.qpф‹фЊрFоgп,¦фКspфЛрOоgп*Ыфшspфщр&оgп)ф‹р;фЊр!sоgп'Fф‘р&pф’р<оgп%|фр2оgп" фspф spоgп ?фЦр[оgпtф„ф… sр^оgпНvsфя HgЄ<‡KaLAUREL MANUAL82.2. The displayWhile reading this section, it will be useful to have Laurel running on on Alto so as to refer to itsscreen, or to have Figure 1, The Laurel Screen handy.Laurel maintains four regions on the display screen. From top to bottom they are: the table-of-contents region, the message display region, the composition region, and the feedback region. Thetable-of-contents region holds a directory of the messages residing in the current mail file. Themessage display and composition regions are used to examine messages received and to composemessages to be sent, respectively. The feedback region displays various information (frequentlyerror notifications) appropriate to particular Laurel commands. Each region will be discussed indetail in subsequent sections.The display also has three command menus. The topmost menu, just above the table-of-contentsregion, contains a number of miscellaneous commands and status information. The commands,like all Laurel screen commands, appear in bold-face type; the status information is in normaltype. We call this simply the upper menu. Below the table-of-contents region and above themessage display region is the middle menu. The commands in this menu are used to manipulateselected entries in the table-of-contents. Below the message display region and above thecomposition region is the lower menu. This menu contains commands that facilitate thecomposition of new messages, responses to old ones, and manipulation of files. The compositionregion is separated from the feedback region by a single horizontal line.2.2.1. Scrolling and thumbingThe table-of-contents region, the message display region, and the composition region each have ascroll bar in the margin to their extreme left. Within this scroll bar, the RED and BLUE mousebutton clicks cause scrolling actions as in Bravo. Holding RED or BLUE down for some time willproduce continuous scrolling, upwards or downwards respectively, by scrolling one line at a timeuntil the mouse button is released. The cursor will appear as a double-headed arrow whenpositioned in the scroll bar and will change to point up or down when RED or BLUE is pressed.Thumbing differs substantially from the Bravo style. At the top of each of the scrollable regionsis a horizontal bar (called the thumb bar) that separates the region from the menu above. Whenthe cursor is positioned just below the thumb bar and YELLOW is depressed and held, the cursorchanges shape to a short vertical line segment. The position in the text to which you want tothumb is indicated by the position of this cursor on the thumb bar. The left edge of the barcorresponds to the beginning of the text, the middle of the bar to the middle of the text, the rightedge of the bar to the end of the text, and all points in between to the corresponding relativepositions in the text. When YELLOW is released while the cursor is still a short vertical line, theindicated position in the text is brought to the top of the region.A portion of the thumb bar appears as a dashed line, whose position and length correspond tothe position and length of the portion of text displayed in the window relative to the entire text.Thus, positioning the line segment at the left edge of the dashed line indicates the beginning ofthe currently displayed text. (Releasing YELLOW at this point naturally has no effect on thedisplay.) о$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_tфоgпZЉpф‚рaфѓоgпXїфр5оgпUMфЋр4фЏр$rоgпS‚pф•rpф–rprp rprpоgпQёфћфџрBоgпOнф”р3ф•р)оgпN#ф¦р0ф§р0оgпLXфр#ф™р>оgпJЌфоgпGф”rpр5оgпEQф¤р*фҐр0оgпC†фІфі tpр*оgпAјфЄ ф«r pр3оgп?сф’r pф“оgп>&флр*фмр0оgп<\фюrфяpр2оgп:‘фЋр)фЏр6оgп8ЖфрIоgп4:tоgп0ИpфЋр9фЏр'оgп.юrфў pфЈрфЁоgпJЌфѓр#ф„р>оgпHГф‚ spфѓр)оgпFшф±рYоgпE-фќрPsфћоgпC†ф‚рVфѓоgпBфр1оgп<8tр!оgп7¬pф†р`ф‡оgп5вф®рAфЇоgп4фЊr pр*фЌоgп2LфрLоgп.Ъф»р?фјоgп-ф§фЁр)rpоgп+EфЂрBфЃsоgп){фpр6оgп$оtоgп!}pф‹рYфЊоgпІфр0ф®р0оgпзф‘р9ф’р)оgпфѓф„spрAоgпRфр&оgпафеspspр7оgпspфЎфўр)spоgпKspфЭsp фЮspр3оgпЂфр8оgпфШsprpфЩр%оgпDф’р+spф“оgп yф„рGф…яxg 2=‡]Щ7LAUREL MANUAL10plus all entries between the indicated entry and the lowest numbered selected entry. If you clickBLUE at an entry whose number is higher than the lowest numbered entry already selected, thenselection pointers will be placed next to the indicated entry plus all entries between the indicatedentry and the next lower numbered selected entry.When making table-of-contents selections, thinkRED:NEW selectionYELLOW:ADD to the selectionSHIFT-YELLOW:REMOVE from the selectionBLUE:EXTEND the selection.2.3.2. Mark charactersYou may wish to classify messages within a particular file. Laurel provides a primitive markingsystem by allowing you to supply a single mark character for any table-of-contents entry. To seta mark character, point the cursor at that mark character (to the left of the desired entry but tothe right of the line bar and selection pointers) and click RED. A blinking caret will appear,inviting you to type a single character. This character will be retained in the table-of-contentsentry and displayed whenever the entry is in the region. It will also be retained in the message ifthe message is moved to another file (using Move to, section 3.2.4). Some mark characters ("?" and"m") have additional semantics assigned to them by Laurel.You may change a mark character by pointing the cursor at that mark and repeating thepreceding steps. The proper way to remove a mark character is to replace it with a blank.2.4. Status information in the upper menuThe upper menu contains some obvious status information: the version of Laurel you arerunning, the date and time, the status of your in-box(es), and the amount of free space remainingon your Alto disk. The remaining items are screen commands, which are discussed in section 3.2.4.1. Laurel versionThe upper left corner of the Laurel screen identifies the version of Laurel that you are running.Several versions of Laurel have been released in the past. Laurel 6 unifies and supersedes allprevious versions and should be the version displayed in this area. Future maintenance releasesof Laurel will add a fractional part to this version number, and significant new releases willchange the integer part. If you send a message to LaurelSupport.PA, or otherwise refer to Laurel,please specify both the name and number that appear in the upper left corner of the screen.2.4.2. Date and timeThe date and time displayed in the upper right corner of the Laurel screen are set from the timemaintained in your local network. If this time is wrong, please notify your local network servicesmaintainer.яо$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_фЌрMфЋоgп]Kspф•ф–рGоgп[ЂфЌфЋрMоgпY¶фр1оgпVDр/о'пTyspоsp о'пRЇspоspо'пPдspоspо'пOspоspоgпJЌtоgпGpфљр;ф›р%оgпEQфђр*r pф‘р)оgпC†фљрIф›оgпAјфёр&ф„ф…рQоgп<\фўр+фЈtpsоgп:‘фр:оgп7pфе фжрGоgп5UфЙрZоgп/htфр)оgп*ЫpфЪрWоgп)ф‡ф€рFоgп'Fф”рFф•оgп"єtфоgпHpфрDф™оgп}ф®рBфЇоgпіф™р#фљр=оgпифЗфИрLоgпфЃрbоgпSфєф»р;оgпЗtфоgпUpфЊфЌрOоgпЉф‰фЉрQоgп А я g y=‡]’2. Basic notions and facilities112.4.3. In-box statusThe portion of the Laurel screen directly below the Laurel version is used for short messagesregarding the status of your in-box(es). Message system users in Grapevine may own multiple in-boxes, allowing mail delivery even when their primary in-box server is down. Status messages forsuch users may vary slightly depending on the up-down status of individual in-box servers.The meanings of status messages are as follows:You have new mail. Laurel has determined through in-box polling that your in-box contains newmail for you (on at least one of your in-box servers). If you invoke the New mail command, thisnew mail will be retrieved to your current mail file. If your in-box server has become unavailable after thepresence of new mail was detected, the You have new mail message will remain on the Laurel screen until you invokeNew mail, at which time you will be given the bad news. Mailbox empty at . The most recent check of your in-box(es) has not determined thepresence of new mail. Checking for new mail is done approximately every five minutes. Thefinest of points: a period terminates this message if every one of your in-box servers has asserted that no new mailexists. If some in-box cannot be contacted due to network failures or a down server, then the period is not used.Login please. You have no password on your local disk. You must login (use the Usercommand) before checking of your in-box(es) begins.Bad user name or password. The name and password you have given do not correspond to thoseof any valid mail system user. Login with the User command. Remember that when you changeyour password on your disks and on file servers, you must change it in the message system also.Can't contact any inbox servers. Due to network problems or down servers, no in-box servers canbe contacted. Try again later.Can't contact authentication server. Due to network problems or down servers, password checkingcannot be performed. Try again later.2.4.4. Free disk pagesThe count of free pages left on your Alto disk is displayed below the date and time on the Laurelscreen. You should check this number frequently to make sure that you have an adequateamount of space left for fetching new mail, etc. Laurel does not always recover gracefully from afull disk; it is a situation that should be avoided.яо!їпfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_tфоgп[¤pф¶ ф·рRоgпYЩфѓр(ф„р8оgпXфѓр'ф„р:оgпVDфЩ фЪрPоgпRТфр/оgпO`rфЉpф‹р-оgпM•ф‰р,фЉtp оgпKЛфѓр5sф„р/оgпJ#ф†р"ф‡usр:оgпH|vфsр/pоgпE rфВpр=фГоgпC@ф° ф±рKsоgпAфљр?ф›р5оgп?сфџф рbоgп<rфаpрDtоgп:ґpфр3оgп7BrфЌp фЋр7оgп5xф„р/tpф…р(оgп3ф”р0ф•р/оgп0;rф„pф…р0оgп.qфоgп*яrфЃр$pф‚р,оgп)4фр&оgп$Ёtоgп!6pфЃф‚рXоgпkфНфОр>оgпЎф…р%ф†р=оgпЦфр4я RgЏ<‡L|хLAUREL MANUAL122.5. Message display regionThis region is used for the display of messages from the current mail file. Messages may bescrolled and thumbed, but not edited in this region. Text displayed in this region is available assource text for shifted selections.The middle menu, located above the message display region, contains commands that operate onthe messages selected in the table-of-contents region. Descriptions of these commands are givenin section 3.2.6. Message composition regionThe third region on the Laurel screen is used for composing messages to be delivered by the mailsystem. The message editor is quite general and it may be used for a variety of purposes inaddition to its primary role as a message editor.The editor contains many commands, some available on the screen and others available from thekeyboard. The screen commands, used for initializing and filing messages, are discussed insection 3. The editor, including all keyboard commands, is discussed in detail in section 4.2.7 The feedback regionLaurel uses the feedback region for three classes of information: status reports, exceptions, andconfirmation requests. Status reports are displayed by various commands, e.g., Deliver, to reportcircumstances of interest to you but which require no direct action on your part. Exceptions arenotifications of errors committed by you (or Laurel) and are flashed to alert you that somecorrective action is probably required. Confirmation requests (see section 2.1) flash both thefeedback region and a "?" in the cursor, alerting you to the need for immediate action beforeLaurel can continue.яо$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_tфоgпZЉpф¶ф·рIоgпXїф‘ф’рWоgпVффр#оgпS‚ф‘ ф’рRоgпQёфф™рDоgпOнфоgпJtоgпEtpфѓр%ф„р;оgпC©ф¶р7ф·р%оgпAЯфр1оgп>mфђрTф‘оgп<ўфЦр(фЧр3оgп:ШфНрZфОоgп4лtфоgп0_pфќр1фћр1оgп.”ф”р&ф•р*tp оgп,Йф’рRф“оgп*яфОр<фПоgп)4фДр_оgп'iф®фЇрNоgп%џф^g%X<‡Bі±3. Screen commands133. Screen commands3.1. Upper menu commands3.1.1. User Logging inIn order to perform New mail or Deliver, you must be an authenticated user. This means yourname and password must be accepted by an authenticator for your registry. When you start upLaurel, it obtains your name and password from the Alto Operating System (and your registry fromthe Laurel profile, see section 5) and submits them to the authenticator for verification. If theauthentication fails, a suitable message will appear in the in-box status area in the upper menu.Laurel will not allow you to receive or send messages until you have been authenticated.The authenticator for your registry varies depending on the implementation of the Message Transport System in yourregistry. If there are currently any Grapevine (GV) servers in your registry, then Grapevine must know your correctpassword. This may be set or changed using the Maintain.laurel program (see section 3.6, Run command, andAppendix B, Maintain). If your in-box is on an IFS file server or on Maxc, then that machine must know yourpassword also. You can set or change your password on an IFS or on Maxc by using the Chat.laurel program (seesection 3.6, Run command, and Appendix B, Chat). There are situations in which your mailbox is on an IFS or onMaxc, yet there are also GV servers in your registry. If this is the case, then both GV and your in-box servermachine must know your correct password, and it must be the same in both places.To log in with a new name and password, point the cursor at User in the upper menu and clickRED. Laurel will invite you to supply a user name in the brackets following User. Respond asyou would for other {brackets} prompts (section 2.1). After you have entered your user name,Laurel will prompt you for a password in a similar way. You must supply the passwordexplicitlyESC, YELLOW, etc. cause a null password to be entered. Laurel will not display yourpassword as you type it.If the User command is invoked with BLUE, then the current user name is accepted, and the Usercommand will just prompt for your password.Whenever you log in with a name that is the same as the name installed on your Alto disk, thepassword you supply is written back to the Alto Operating System. Thus, if you invoke Userwith name Guest and password Guest, the password is not passed back to the Alto OperatingSystem (unless you happen to have installed the Alto Operating System with Guest as your name).When using file commands, e.g. Get, Put, or Copy (section 3.5), if you try to operate on a remotefile that requires connect credentials for access, you may have to log in with the User commandwith those connect credentials. Laurel will try several combinations of guest credentials and thecurrent user credentials in attempting to access that file. The more subtle of these combinationsrequire that the remote server accept Guest Guest as valid login credentials. Most IFS filesservers work this way. Unfortunately, Maxc does not.яо$'пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп^ПqфоgпXвrоgпRхоgпOѓpф rфЎprpspоgпM№ф™р"фљр:оgпKоф›фњр2tоgпJ#фЭр"pфЮр(оgпHYфЎрaоgпFЋфлр5фмр#оgпC@tф‘рrоgпAјф’рDф“р0оgп@7фВрYфГutоgп>іф§р/фЁр=оgп=/ф•рCф–р+оgп;«ф‘utф’р_оgп:'ф°рhф±оgп8ЂфрPоgп5pф’ф“р(rpоgп3Ctpф›рJrpфњ оgп1yфЎфўrprpр?оgп/®фар*фбр+оgп-дs ptpфћtpфџр=оgп,фоgп(§ф…rptpф†rоgп&Ьpфр+оgп#jфр+ф™р2оgп! фЇр#ф°р4rоgпХpф±фІрFоgпфtрWpоgп™ф…rprpф†rpр1оgпОфрIф™ rpоgпфљр8ф›р*оgп9ф–рbоgпnфДрNфЕоgп¤фtФg]=‡V®3LAUREL MANUAL143.1.2. New mail Retrieving your new mailNew messages that are waiting for you reside in your in-box. The in-box is also called the mailbox.You instruct Laurel to move the contents of your in-box to your current mail file by pointing thecursor at the New mail command in the upper menu and clicking RED. The command will thenappear on a gray background and the cursor will assume the shape of an hourglass, confirmingthat Laurel is busy shuffling messages. You may also observe the free page counter changing. When allmessages have been transferred, the gray background and hourglass will disappear, and the table-of-contents window will be updated to reflect the new messages placed in your mail file.Transferring the contents of your in-box to your mail file renders the in-box empty.During execution of the New mail command, terse progress indications are displayed in thefeedback region at the bottom of the Laurel screen. These indications include the name of eachin-box server that is contacted for new mail, the number of new messages retrieved from each,and possibly whether some of those messages have been archived. If the "archived messages"indication is shown, the mail retrieval may take slightly longer than usual; the in-box server hastemporarily stored the oldest of your new mail on a secondary server to make room in its ownstorage.The progress indication "failed" means that the in-box server broke the connection to your machine during messageretrieval. This may be caused by a file server on which your archived messages reside being down.When the New mail command has completed, the table-of-contents region is scrolled so that asmuch as possible of the new mail is displayed, and a selection pointer is set to point at the firstnew message. You will also observe that each new entry has a "?" mark character to its leftthisindicates that the contents of the associated message have not yet been examined. See section 2.3for more information on mark characters.3.1.3. Mail file Establishing your current mail fileLaurel maintains one or more mail files for you. You should think of mail files as folders inwhich you organize the messages you receive. When Laurel is first started, it normally checks tosee if you have a mail file named Active.mail, and if not, it creates an empty mail file and namesit Active.mail for you. This file is called your default mail file and is generally used to containnew messages that you have not yet processed. You will see how additional mail files are created in section3.2.4.To direct Laurel's attention to a mail file other than the current one, proceed as follows. Pointthe cursor at Mail file in the upper menu and click RED. A blinking caret will appear in thebrackets following the command, inviting you to type the name of the file you wish to examine(see section 2.1.3.) Repeated clicks with RED on Mail file will fill in the brackets with theprefixes of all files on your disk that have a .mail suffix. After you have supplied the file name,Laurel will fill the table-of-contents region with the entries from the designated file. You canthen use other Laurel commands to manipulate this file.о$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_rфр*оgп[¤pфЄр5spф«tvtvpоgпYЩф‡р0ф€р1оgпXф‘ rpф’ tpоgпVDфЈрFф¤оgпTyф™р)tфљр"pоgпRЇфЊфЌрNоgпPдфнр"фор6оgпOфрTоgпKЁфУфФrpр9оgпIЭф“р3ф”р,оgпHф¦ф§рHоgпFHфЇр"ф°р9оgпD}ф›р^фњоgпBІфўр%фЈр7оgп@иоgп=™tфњрiфќоgп;тфрbоgп8ЂpфҐrpр4ф¦оgп6µф—фр\оgп4лфѓф„рFоgп3 ф†р:ф‡р(оgп1Uфр(оgп+irр6оgп'чpф®s pфЇр"оgп&,фЋр#фЏр>оgп$aф€р=ф‰р%оgп"—ф р2spфЎоgп Мф…р-tф†р-оgпоgпђpфќр+фћр7оgпЕф¬ фrptpр&оgпъф›р,фњр1оgп0фЛфМtrprpр#оgпeфЏр=фђр'оgп›ф® фЇрVоgпРфр7|g‰=‡W‚A3. Screen commands15Mail file always reads from the file whose name is displayed in its brackets. However, it observestwo conventions that simplify type-in. First, if the displayed name does not contain a period,Laurel implicitly appends .mail to the displayed name before accessing the file. Second, if Mailfile is invoked with BLUE rather than RED, Laurel omits the prompt for a file name and uses thename currently displayed. Third, repeated clicks with RED on Mail file will successively fill in thebrackets with the prefixes of files on your disk that have a .mail suffix.A fine point: Laurel acts on deletions (see section 3.2.2) whenever either Mail file or Quit is selected. Thus, youcannot Undelete messages in a mail file once you have switched Laurel's attention to a different file.If your mail file is malformed, then Laurel will inform you with a warning in the feedback regionthat says:Format error in mail file. Get failed.Laurel will not operate on that file any further. The most frequent causes of a malformed mailfile are problems with your Alto disks or Alto hardware or booting your Alto during a Mail fileor Quit command. In many cases, a malformed mail file can be restored to a relatively healthystate by running the MailFileScavenger.laurel program. See section 3.6, Run command, andAppendix B.6 for details.Never turn off your Alto, turn off the disks, or interrupt Laurel's execution during Mail file or Quit,or your mail file may be permanently damaged!3.1.4. Quit Leaving LaurelTo exit from Laurel and return to the Alto Executive, point the cursor at Quit (in the uppermenu) and click RED. Laurel will prompt you for confirmation. After you confirm, Laurel willact on the deletions indicated in the table-of-contents region, eliminating all messages from themail file that have lines drawn through their table-of-contents entries (see section 3.2.2). Whenyou re-enter Laurel at a later point, these messages will no longer appear in the table-of-contents.They are gone forever.If you invoke Quit with BLUE, Laurel will omit the confimation prompt. It may still ask forconfirmation if an undelivered and unfiled message exists in the message composition region.Leaving Laurel by any means other than Quit is not recommended and will slow downsubsequent re-entry to Laurel.Never turn off your Alto, turn off the disks, or interrupt Laurel's execution during Quit, or yourmail file may be permanently damaged!яо$'пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_rфѓpрZоgп]Kф±фІрKоgп[Ђф—р5фр(rоgпY¶pф‘tptpр2ф’оgпWлфЃр!ф‚trprpоgпV!фрJоgпRТtфњ фќр>ututоgпQNфutрWоgпMяpфѓр$ф„р=оgпL5ф о¬пI–sр'оgпFшpф™рZфљоgпE-ф•ф–р;rоgпCcpф™rpфљр>оgпAфПфРрArpоgп?Офоgп<\sфЂрUrsфЃrsоgп:‘фр-оgп4¤rоgп12pф¶ф·р,rp оgп/hф—tpфрJоgп-ќфЄр7ф«р*оgп+Тфўр?фЈр#оgп*ф‰р+фЉр9оgп(=фоgп$ЛфУ rptpр,tоgп#фр\оgпЏpфъ фыrpр&оgпДфоgпRsф©фЄр7rsоgп‡фр% –g@<‡OЛLAUREL MANUAL163.2. Received message manipulation3.2.1. Display Viewing a messageNormally, to examine the contents of a message, you must first select its entry in the table-of-contents. However, after obtaining new mail from your in-box, Laurel automatically selects thefirst new message for you. To display a selected message, simply point the cursor at the Displaycommand in the selection commands menu and click RED. The selected message will then appearin the display region just below the menu. You may scroll the message or adjust the boundariesof the region for more convenient reading.To examine the next message listed in the table-of-contents, click Display with RED again. Theselection pointer will be moved to the next entry, and the text of the message will be displayed.Thus, although Laurel permits you to move the selection pointer explicitly, you need not do so.Simply click Display with RED repeatedly and Laurel will advance the selection pointer each time.Fine points: Laurel will skip over deleted messages (see below) when advancing the selection pointer. To display adeleted message, you must select it explicitly, then click Display. If more than one message is selected, then Displaywill initially display the first selected entry, and subsequent clicks will display subsequent selected entries withoutdisturbing the entire set of selected messages. After the last such selected entry is displayed, the next click of Displaywill display the first selected entry again. The only way to break this cycle is by explicitly selecting a single message.3.2.2. Delete Indicating messages to be destroyedAfter examining some of the messages in your mail file, you may wish to delete them. TheDelete command, when invoked by pointing the cursor at it and clicking RED, will cause a line tobe drawn through all selected entries in the table-of-contents. You may find it convenient to useDisplay and Delete alternately when processing newly-arrived junk mail. (See also theDisplayAfterDelete option in section 5.)Messages marked for deletion in this manner are not actually removed from your mail file at thetime that the Delete command is given. Such messages are removed permanently from thecurrent mail file whenever a Quit or Mail file command is executed.3.2.3. Undelete Indicating messages to be retainedIf you discover that you have inadvertently marked some messages for deletion that you want tokeep, simply reselect them if necessary, point the cursor at Undelete, and click RED. The linesdrawn through the table-of-contents entries of the selected messages will be removed. Rememberthat you must give the Undelete command before you give a Quit or Mail file command;otherwise the deletions will take place.яо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_rфр"оgпY)р"оgпU·pфЄр/ф«р1оgпSмфўр_оgпR"ф‘рGф’rоgпPWpф‚р1tpфѓр"оgпNЊфЋфЏр?оgпLВфр*оgпIPф рBфЎrptpоgпG…ф—фрBоgпE»фњр)фќр6оgпCрф„rptpф…р5оgп@Ўtф’ф“р[оgп?ф‘ф’utр.uоgп=™tф·рFфёр1оgп<ф‡ф€р[uоgп:‘tф‰р=фЉр>оgп4Зrфр3оgп1UpфјрYоgп/‹rpф†р@ф‡tpоgп-Аф‹рMфЊоgп+цrpфrpрDоgп*+фр(оgп&№фЌфЋрPоgп$офО rpр%фПоgп#$фrprpоgп7rр4оgпЕpф”р7ф•р'оgпъфҐр2ф¦ rptpоgп0ф†рUф‡ оgпeфЪфЫ rprprpоgп›фр(я ВgT=‡U·3. Screen commands173.2.4. Move to Filing messagesAlthough Active.mail is your default mail file, and most of your message reading and storage maybe done with this file, you may wish to classify messages of particular types in separate mail files.Laurel provides the Move to {file} command for this purpose. The Move to command will copymessages from your current mail file to the end of the file specified in the Move to brackets.To invoke Move to proceed as follows. First, select the messages you wish to transfer. Next,point the cursor at Move to and proceed as you would for Mail file (section 3.1.3). After youhave supplied the file name, Laurel will append the selected messages to the indicated file. Thefile name you supply is entirely of your own choosing; you may wish to use descriptive subjectnames, dates, persons' names, etc.In addition to moving the selected messages, Laurel will draw a line through their table-of-contents entries as if you had invoked the Delete command. If you wish to retain any of thosemessages in the current mail file as well, you may use Undelete as described above. Laurel willalso mark (in the mark character field) moved messages with an "m". This mark character mayserve as a reminder that the marked message also exists in another file.Move to does not move any messages that are indicated as deleted. If a set of messagescontaining both deleted and non-deleted messages is selected for Move to, only the non-deletedmessages are moved.Move to observes the same type-in conventions that Mail file does. It also implements one otherconvention that guards against misspelled file names: if the displayed file name does notcorrespond to any existing file, Laurel prompts you for additional confirmation before creatingand writing a new file with that name.3.3. Hardcopy Printing messagesTo print a copy of one or more messages in your mail file, select the message or messages in thetable-of-contents, point at Hardcopy, and click RED. Messages that have been deleted (i.e., whose table-of-contents entries have lines through them) will not be printed, even if they are selected. Laurel will replace themiddle menu with the hardcopy submenu that shows several properties to be used for the resultinghardcopies. The hardcopy submenu also contains two commands, Hardcopy and Cancel.While the hardcopy submenu is on the Laurel screen, actual hardcopy processing is not beingperformed. In addition, no commands other than those in the Hardcopy submenu may be invoked while thehardcopy submenu is visible. Changing selections in the table-of-contents is permitted. After modifying thevalues of properties displayed in the hardcopy submenu, either point the cursor at Hardcopy andclick RED, in which case hardcopy processing will begin, using the properties set this time, orpoint the cursor at Cancel and click RED, in which case the entire hardcopy command will becancelled.If you invoke Hardcopy initially with BLUE, then hardcopying will proceed immediately, using thecurrent properties, without displaying the hardcopy submenu.яо$'пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_rфоgп[¤pф‚фѓрLоgпYЩф‡р$ф€рAоgпXфЃrprprprpф‚ оgпVDф±р'фІр&rp оgпRТф« rpф¬р9оgпQфҐrpф¦rpоgпO=ф”рVф• оgпMrфџрJф оgпKЁфр"оgпH6фПфРрGоgпFkфљф›rpр-оgпD фр"spф™rpр!оgпBЦф—spр-фр&оgпAфрHоgп=™rфЭpрPоgп;Пф рArфЎpоgп:фоgп6’rф‰pфЉр#rpр$оgп4Зфгр9фдр!оgп2эф°р3ф±р,оgп12фр&оgп+Erр!оgп&№pфЊфЌрXоgп$офЊrptptфЌр$оgп#$ф•рYpф–оgп!YфЂфЃspр;оgпЏфр>rprpоgпфір+фґр0оgпRфµtр#ф¶р7оgп‡фёрXpоgпЅфђрRф‘rpоgптф·tpрSфёоgп(ф®rp tpфЇр$оgп] оgп лф… rptpр6оgп фр<gЩ=‡\2LLAUREL MANUAL18While hardcopy processing is proceeding, several status messages will appear in the feedbackregion of the Laurel screen to inform you of the progress being made. At any time beforetransmission to your printer has been completed you may cancel the hardcopy process by strikingDEL or CANCEL.When you invoke Hardcopy in the hardcopy submenu, any properties (except Printer) that youhave set that are different from their default values will be used for the current hardcopyprocessing only. You will have to apply any non-default properties each time you invokeHardcopy. Resetting these properties back to their default values also occurs when you invokeCancel from the hardcopy submenu. You may change your default hardcopy property values viaentries in the Laurel profile (section 5).The standard values for the hardcopy properties will result in a single one-sided copy of eachmessage printed on a standard blank form (no Xerox logo), with each message starting a newpage. Detailed descriptions of each hardcopy property follow.3.3.1. PrinterThe name of the printer to which hardcopies will be transmitted appears in the {brackets}following the word Printer. The initial value for this property in each Laurel session is takenfrom your Laurel profile. Changes made to this property are retained for the rest of your Laurelsession until you explicitly change this property. To change the Printer property, point the cursorat Printer in the Hardcopy submenu and click RED. A blinking caret will appear in the{brackets} and you may edit the value as with any other {brackets}.If you set Printer {Local}, then printing will be done on a HyType printed connected to yourAlto. If so, then be sure you are printing with a form that is appropriate for the HyType printer.3.3.2. FormLaurel 6 permits several different hardcopy layouts. These layouts are controlled by hardcopyforms, which are named and may be specified either in the messages being hardcopied or in theForm {brackets}. Laurel provides you with several built-in hardcopy forms: Blank,InternalMemo, Headers, and Archive. The purposes for which these built-in forms may be usedare:Blank: Prints each message starting on a new page. Used for messages of a generalnature. The message header is slightly formatted on output.InternalMemo: Prints each message starting on a new page. Used for messages relatingto Xerox business only. The message header is substantially formatted on output. Seesection 6 for a fuller discussion regarding proper use of hardcopy forms.Archive: Prints messages continuously, with no page breaks in between. No formattingis performed except for a separator line between messages. Recommended over theprevious two forms for archival purposes.о$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_фЙрOфКоgп]KфДр9фЕоgп[Ђф‰рVфЉоgпY¶tpфtpоgпVDфҐrpф¦rp оgпTyфЭфЮрJоgпRЇфар8фбоgпPдrpф§фЁрDоgпOrpфЉф‹р:оgпMOфр*оgпIЭфірGфґоgпHфµрZоgпFHфр>оgп@[r оgп<йpфШр0фЩrprоgп;pфЇrpф°рDоgп9TфЉрRф‹оgп7‰фѓр#ф„rpоgп5ѕфжrpфзtpр&оgп3фrprpфр.rprpоgп0‚фЄ rpф«rprpрBоgп.·ф†рZф‡оgп(Кrф оgп%Xpф¶рCф·sоgп#Ћpф—р0фр(оgп!ГrpфRrprpфSр-оgпшф“рJф”оgп.о]пђф·р'фёр,о]пЕфр<о]п'ф“рVо]п\ф¤р<фҐо]п‘фрIо]пуф–р;ф—о]п)фРрGфСо]п ^фр)я Жg <‡Zф73. Screen commands19Headers: Prints an excerpt of the message header for each selected message without pagebreaks. Similar to the table-of-contents display.In addition, you may specify your own custom hardcopy forms in the Laurel profile. Details ofconstruction of custom hardcopy forms and details of the built-in hardcopy forms are given inAppendix C.When the Form {brackets} are empty (this is the standard situation), the choice of hardcopy formused for each printed message is as follows: If a message contains a PrintForm: field in itsheader, then the form named in that field is used for printing that message. Otherwise, eachmessage is printed on the default hardcopy form. By default, the name of the default hardcopyform is Blank. You may change the name of your default hardcopy form via an entry in theLaurel profile.If the Form {brackets} contains the name of a hardcopy form, then this form will be used toprint all selected messages during this invocation of the Hardcopy command. Any PrintForm:fields in the messages being hardcopied will be ignored.After you invoke either Hardcopy or Cancel in the hardcopy submenu, the contents of the Form{brackets} will be reset to empty.Although it is possible to change the default hardcopy form (used for those messages that do notcontain a PrintForm: field), this change should not be made unless you have a real need to do so.The Blank form is adequate for most hardcopies, and special printing is possible using the Form{brackets} on a case-by-case basis. See also the discussion of hardcopy form usage in section 6.3.3.3. CopiesTo change the number of copies to be printed in a particular batch of hardcopy, point the cursorat Copies in the hardcopy submenu and click RED. A blinking caret will appear in the {brackets}following Copies, and you may then enter the number of copies in the normal manner. Onlyvalues from 1 through 99 are acceptable.After you invoke either Hardcopy or Cancel in the hardcopy submenu, the contents of the Copies{brackets} will be reset to the default. The standard default value for Copies is 1; you maychange this default via an entry in your Laurel profile.3.3.4. Two sidedSome of the printers available in the Internet are capable of duplex printing, i.e., on both sides ofthe paper. If you send hardcopy to such a printer, you may wish to have your output printedtwo-sided. To change the value of the Two sided property, point the cursor at Two sided in thehardcopy submenu and click RED. The value in the brackets following Two sided will changefrom "no" to "yes" or from "yes" to "no".яо$'пfЄpфXоFЏпfсо]п_ф‚р5фѓр#о]п]Kфр2оgпZф—р,фр2оgпXвф®р]оgпWф оgпS¦ф„rprprpр,ф…оgпQЫфАр0фБр-оgпPфґр,фµр1оgпNFфрAф™оgпL{ф¬фр;оgпJ±фоgпG?ф°ф±rprprpрEоgпEtфЇр'ф°rpоgпC©фр8оgп@7ф“rprpр.rоgп>mprpфоgп:ыфЌрKфЋоgп90фЃф‚рMоgп7fф•рPф– rоgп5›prpф—фр=оgп/®rфоgп,фјrp оgпХфр8оgпиrоgпvpф„р=ф…р(оgп¬ф¤фҐрEоgпбф•р'rpф– rpоgпфЇtpр'rpоgпLфр)я &g=‡Y0LAUREL MANUAL20When printing with Two sided {yes}, messages that normally start on on new page will start on anew sheet of paper.After you invoke either Hardcopy or Cancel in the hardcopy submenu, the contents of the Twosided {brackets} will be reset to the default. The standard default value for Two sided is "no";you may change this default via an entry in your Laurel profile.3.3.5. PrivateSpruce print servers (the standard printers available in the Internet) allow you to send hardcopythat will be printed only when you explicitly enter a password at the server. The Private propertyallows you to specify this for the current batch of hardcopy. To change the value of the Privateproperty, point the cursor at Private in the hardcopy submenu and click RED. The value in thebrackets following Private will change from "no" to "yes" or from "yes" to "no".CAUTION: Private {yes} should not be used unless you have an important reason for doing so.The procedure for printing password protected files on Spruce is (currently) cumbersome andvery error-prone. It also creates a substantial disruption in normal printer service. If you do usePrivate {yes}, then the password used for that batch of hardcopy is the password most recentlygiven to the User command.After you invoke either Hardcopy or Cancel in the hardcopy submenu, the contents of the Private{brackets} will be reset to the default. The standard default value for Private is "no"; you maychange this default via an entry in your Laurel profile.3.4. Message initialization commandsComposition is the process of building the header and body of a particular message. Delivery isthe process of transmitting a message to its specified recipients. Laurel separates these twoactions and supplies distinct commands appropriate to each in the lower menu.Laurel provides four ways to initialize the content of a message. You may compose a newmessage, or answer one you have received, or forward existing message(s) to a new recipient, orget a previously composed form or message from a file. In the lower menu, there are fourcommands corresponding to these actions: New form, Answer, Forward, and Get. Simply selectthe one you wish by positioning the cursor appropriately and clicking RED. If the composition regioncontains an undelivered message, these commands request confirmation before constructing a new form. As in othersuch contexts, selecting these commands with BLUE automatically supplies confirmation. Even after confirmation,Undo or CANCEL (section 4.4.12) can still be used to recover the previous contents of the region.It is important to understand that New form, Answer, and Forward only provide a message form;you must edit the form before requesting that it be delivered. The message you compose issimply an unformatted text string. However, Laurel does supply automatic line breaks as Bravodoes, so you need not type CRs except to produce white space.о$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_ф‰r prpр!фЉоgп]KфоgпYЩфќrprpр&фћrоgпXpфњrprpр>фќrpоgпVDфр@оgпPWr оgпLеpф›рSфњ оgпKфЃрRф‚rpоgпIPф‘ф’р@rоgпG…pф™rpр#tpфљоgпE»фrpр6оgпBItpф©rprpр7фЄ оgп@~фѕрLфїоgп>іф‹р;фЊр*оgп<йrфЎprpфўр9оgп;фrpоgп7¬фЃrprpф‚rоgп5вprpф–р,ф—rpоgп4фр8оgп.*rр$оgп*ёs pфљф›р+spоgп(офУр^оgп'#фрMоgп#±фНрTфОsоgп!жpф spфЎspр+оgп spфДр;фЕоgпQфЈф¤ rprprprpоgп‡ф‹рFtptфЊоgпЯф•ф–рQоgп[фµрHф¶р(оgпЧфрaоgп€pф’ф“rprprpspspоgпѕфѕрOфї оgпуфљр?ф›оgп)фtpя|gв=‡Y)V3. Screen commands21Laurel imposes format restrictions only on the message header. By definition, the header ends atthe first blank line (i.e., two successive CRs). You should therefore be careful not to delete theblank line provided by Laurel in the initial forms. The header itself consists of a sequence offields, some of which are required to be present. When composing a message you should alwaysfill in the To: field and the Subject: field; you may delete the cc: field if it is not needed. Whenthe message is ultimately delivered (section 3.7), Laurel will supply your name and the date, soyou need not include them explicitly.3.4.1. New form Initializing a new messageThe New form command gives you a new message form in the composition region. The formcontains To:, Subject:, and cc: fields, each containing placeholder words, items that are boundedby matching triangles. These placeholders must be replaced by appropriate text or removedentirely from the form before delivery. In addition to a placeholder for extra recipients, the cc:field in the new form contains the current user's name.3.4.2. Answer Replying to a messageThe Answer command initializes a message form so as to reply to the first message selected in thetable-of-contents. The Answer command fills in the To: field with the sender of the selectedmessage and sets the subject to be "Re: subject of selected message". The Answer command alsosets the cc: field to include all of the recipients of the message being answered (as long as thatmessage does not contain a Reply-To: field, see below). If you don't like these substitutions, youmay, of course, change them using the editor.If the message being answered contains a Reply-To: field in its header, then only those recipientslisted in that field will be included in the To: field constructed by the Answer command. Also,your name (the current name in the User brackets) will be included in the cc: field of themessage constructed by Answer in this case. The Reply-To: field in an outgoing message thus hasthe effect of restricting the recipients of answers to messages, when the recipients of such amessage do not modify the recipient fields constructed by the Answer command. Including sucha Reply-To: field is strongly suggested when sending a message to a large group of people. Goodjudgment and common sense exercised by message system users go a long way toward makingour message system enjoyable for all. See also the discussion on Reply-To: in section 6.3.4.3. Forward Resending received messagesThe Forward command initializes a message form by copying the complete text of all selectedmessages into the new form's message body, while providing a header similar to that provided byNew form. Since Laurel enforces a limit of approximately 64,000 characters in the composed message, it is possiblethat not all of the selected messages will be copied. о$'пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_фЌфЋр"spр$оgп]Kфџр+tpф оgп[Ђф©рOфЄоgпY¶фЊр%фЌр8оgпWлф†рDф‡р!оgпV!фўр>фЈр"оgпTVфр%оgпNirр,оgпJчpфЄrpр@ф« оgпI-ф›р8s pфњоgпGbфЙфКрDоgпE—ф™рcоgпCНфр7оgп=аrр%оgп:npф„rpф…рWоgп8Јф№фєrpр?оgп6Щф‘р(sprpоgп5фЎрbоgп3Cф€р7ф‰р,оgп1yфр-оgп.ф‰р8фЉр*оgп,<фљрBф›rpоgп*rфМфНrpр3оgп(§фЂфЃrpрCоgп&ЬфМрTфН оgп%ф‘ф’р)rpоgп#GфЃрZф‚оgп!}ф¬р;фоgпІфзр/фир*оgпЕrфр,оgпSpфіrpр&фґр*оgп€ф‰р:фЉр%оgпѕrф‰ptфЉрKоgпуфр5pя`g¬<‡W_"LAUREL MANUAL223.5. File commandsSeveral commands in the lower menu retrieve files or public distribution lists, and store files.The files may be on your local Alto disk or on a remote server that accepts FTP connections.The file manipulation commands all require arguments which you supply by typing into specific{brackets}. When one of these commands is invoked, the lower menu will expand so that itssecond line contains the appropriate {brackets} for that command. This second line will remainin the lower menu until such time as you invoke the command on the extreme right edge of thisline represented as an upward pointing arrow under a short horizontal line. When invoked, bypointing the cursor at it and clicking RED, the lower menu will shrink back to one line.To specify a local file (on your Alto disk) just use the normal file name. To specify a file storedon a remote machine, the most general form is [server]filename. If the remote machineis an Alto running FTP, then the must be omitted. If the remote machine is an IFSfile server, then the filename may contain all the subdirectory text commonly used on suchservers. Also, you may omit the if it is the same as your current User name. Tospecify a public distribution list, use the form Name^.registry. The .registry may be omitted if itis the same as your own registry.The details of name interpretation are as follows:0)A leading @ character is removed before applying the following rules.1)If the first character in {brackets} is [, then the name is understood to be that of a remote file. The charactersinside the square brackets are used as the name of the remote file server, and the remainder of the name ispresented to the file server.2)If not case 1, then if the {brackets} contain an ^ character, then the name is interpreted as a public distributionlist name. If no .registry suffix appears in the name, then Laurel will implicitly append the .registry from theUser brackets. The complete name is presented to the message transport system, which will return the contentsof that list as would be used for delivery.3)If neither case 1 nor 2 applies, then the name is interpreted as a local file name. If this name does not containa period (.) and no local file of that name exists, then Laurel will use a file with that name with .form added asa suffix.3.5.1. Get Reading a file or distribution listThe Get command replaces the entire contents of the composition region with the text containedin the file or distribution list specified. To invoke Get, point the cursor at Get and click RED. Asecond menu line containingFile name {brackets}will appear, with a blinking caret within the {brackets}. Enter the filename (or distribution listname) using the brackets type-in facilities described in section 2.1.3.Repeated clicks with RED on the Get command will cycle the contents of the File name{brackets} through all of the filenames on your local disk whose suffixes are .form.о$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_rфоgпZЉpфєр"ф»р>оgпXїфрKф®оgпUMфр"ф™р;оgпS‚rprpфЇрPоgпQёф—р%rprpфоgпOнфЌр3фЋр*оgпN#ф рKфЎоgпLXфмр'tpфноgпHжфЊр0фЌр4оgпGф‡р/spspspф€оgпEQф”р"spр,ф•оgпC†фФфХ spр<оgпAјф®р"spфЇrp оgп?сф”р+ф•spspspоgп>&фр!оgп:Шtр2оgп8ЂоврEоgп6(овфЋututр0фЏовп4¤ф§рNфЁовп3 фоgп0ИовфЌututрNовп/Dфћvtфџр6vtовп-Аutф”р-ф•р=овп,<фр+оgп)довфЉр@ф‹р2овп(`ф‡ф€рjовп&Ьфоgп!rр0оgпЎpфђrpф‘рWоgпЦф‡р7rprpф€tpоgпфо]пms rprоgпПpф р.rprpфЎоgпфрGоgп’фрtpфсrpр(sоgп ИrprpфрJяјg Ѓ=‡ZЉ[3. Screen commands23If you invoke Get with BLUE, then Laurel will execute the command immediately using whatevername is already inside the File name {brackets}. This may be a bit chancy if the File name{brackets} menu line is not currently visible.Get and Put are useful when you want to save a partially composed message to be completed anddelivered later. You may also want to do this if you encounter persistent network or mail server problems uponattempting to Deliver. Get is also handy for obtaining custom forms (or form letters) that you haveprepared previously. If the file read with Get has the suffix .form, then the Laurel editor willautomatically select the first placeholder in that file.Get may not be used for files containing over 64,000 characters. Get may be used safely only for text files. Filesthat contain binary information will be modified by the Get command. To copy files containing binary information toyour disk safely, see the description of the Copy command, section 3.5.3.See also the description of the G (COM-G) editor command (section 4.4.6), which replaces only theselected text in the composition region, rather than the entire text in the composition region.3.5.2. Put Writing a fileThe Put command writes out the entire contents of the composition region onto the local orremote file whose name is inside the brackets. Put will not write onto a public distribution list. UseMaintain (Appendix B). (If the file is local and a file with that name already exists, Laurel requiresan extra confirmation before overwriting it. Put onto a remote file follows the file server'sconventions, which usually means that a new version will be created.) To invoke Put, point thecursor at Put and click RED. A second menu line containing File name {brackets} will appear,with a blinking caret within the {brackets}. You may enter the filename in the normal way.The Put command shares the same File name {brackets} with the Get command. The contents ofthe File name {brackets} are remembered across commands, and even between separate sessionsof Laurel. They are initialized to empty when Laurel installs itself. This allows one to Put a message andon a subsequent Get, the filename used during the Put is still in the File name {brackets}, readyto be confirmed.The .form automatic extension allowed by Get are not provided with Put. The only way to writeon a file with a .form extension is by explicitly typing the .form extension with the filename. See also the description of the P (COM-P) editor command (section 4.4.8), which writes out onlythe selected text in the composition region, rather than the entire text in the composition region.яо$'пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_фЊ rpфЌtpрAоgп]Kфёф№s rprpр#sоgп[Ђrprpфр$оgпXrpф‚rpр-фѓр%оgпVDф”tр:ф•р%оgпTyф— utprpфр-оgпRЇф§р,rpфЁр#оgпPдфр8оgпM•utфљр?utф›р(оgпLфѓр8utр9оgпJjфр-utоgпFшpф‡tpф€р1оgпE-фАрKфБоgп?Arфоgп;ПpфїrpрSоgп:фіфґutр5оgп89фpрAф™оgп6oфПр.rpфРоgп4¤фрFф™ rp оgп2Ъфў rp tpфЈs rprpоgп1фёф№rprpр0оgп-ќфЂrpsфЃrprp rpоgп+Тфњs rprpфќрCоgп*фЌtр)фЋprp оgп(=фЏrprps rprpоgп&sфоgп#ф‡р)rpф€rpоgп!6ф·р8фёр'фоgпДф¤фҐtpр6оgпщф“ф”рO ЂgІ<‡LYBLAUREL MANUAL243.5.3. Copy Copying or transferring a fileThe Copy command provides a simple means of copying files within a file system or oftransferring files from one file system to another. To invoke the Copy command, point the cursorat Copy and click RED. A second line will appear in the lower menu containingfrom {brackets} to {brackets}with a caret blinking in the from {brackets}. At this point, fill in or confirm the file ordistribution list name in these brackets; this will be the the source from which a copy will bemade. When this name has been confirmed in the usual manner, the blinking caret will move tothe to {brackets}. Fill in or confirm these brackets in the same manner; this will be the name ofthe file (distribution list are not allowed here) that will be the new copy. Striking DEL or CANCEL at anytime before confirming the to {brackets} will cancel the entire Copy command.The names specified for either of the from or to {brackets} may be local or remote in anycombination. If both names specified are local, then a local copy is made of a local file (similarto the Alto executive's Copy command). If the from name is local and the to name is remote,then the Copy command behaves as an FTP Store command. If the from name is remote and theto name is local, then the Copy command behaves as an FTP Retrieve command. Finally, if bothnames specified are remote, then a remote copy of a remote source is made. There is noanalogous FTP command for this last case. Also, no buffering on the local disk is necessary for aremote to remote Copy.If the Copy command is invoked with BLUE, then the from name is automatically confirmed, andthe blinking caret starts in the to {brackets}.3.6. Run Running a program; Laurel extensionsThe Run command allows you to run certain Mesa programs without leaving Laurel to do so.The Run facility is a general-purpose mechanism that allows a wide range of features to be addedto your Laurel without increasing the size of the standard Laurel program. The basic idea is thatLaurel provides general message system functions that you may extend simply by adding optionalrunnable programs to your local disk. The Laurel group has provided several "standard"runnable programs; these have and will be augmented by numerous special purpose programsbuilt by a wide variety of message system users.Some runnable programs (such as Chat.laurel) extend Laurel by providing useful features that areonly marginally connected with Laurel, but provide a powerful increase in the utility of Laurel byintegrating new functions. Other programs (e.g., InsertMail) are deeply integrated into Laurel'sorganization, providing functions on Laurel's own objects. Still other programs (say a deskcalculator program) may provide useful (or frivolous) functionality that is currently lacking inLaurel. The possibilities are legion.Many of the programs available use the composition region as a teletype style typescript (e.g.,Chat.laurel, Maintain.laurel). When such a program has finished its execution, its typescriptremains in the composition region, which may be scrolled, edited, filed, etc., using the standardLaurel facilities. Other programs (e.g., Fog.laurel, InsertMail.laurel) may merely affect certainо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_rфр,оgп[¤pфсrpр#фтр)оgпYЩф‚рCrpфѓоgпXфrp tpр9о¬пUpsprprsprprоgпRТpфЮsprprpр-фЯоgпQфЇр.ф°р1оgпO=фЉрPф‹оgпMrф€sprprpр=ф‰оgпKЁфЂtр(pфЃр!tptpоgпIЭфsprprprpоgпFkфЛр&spsprprpфМоgпD ф“р0ф”р3оgпBЦф¤р/spфҐspоgпAф‚фѓrpр2spоgп?Asprpф„р>оgп=vфУрDфФоgп;«ф„рDф…оgп9бфrpоgп6oфЏrpфђtp spр%оgп4¤фр!sprprpоgп.·rр/оgп*+pф°rpр'ф±р*оgп(`ф†rpр6ф‡р#оgп&–ф‰р1фЉр1оgп$Лф€р0ф‰р.оgп#флфмр8оgп!6ф·фёр;оgпkфр0оgпщф†рWф‡оgп/ф„рIф…оgпdф§р1фЁр0оgпљфЧрAфШоgпПфАр`оgпфр&оgп’фґр9фµр&оgп ИфРр$фСр:оgпэфЎр/фўр2оgп 3фѕфїрPИg м=‡^{3. Screen commands25objects that Laurel manipulates (e.g., mail files, the displayed message region) without affectingthe composition region at all. Appendix B gives descriptions of the "standard" Laurel runnableprograms made available by the Laurel group.To invoke the Run command, point the cursor at Run and click RED. The second line of thelower menu will change to one that includesProgram {brackets}with a blinking caret inside the {brackets}. Fill in or confirm the name of a program in the{brackets} in the usual manner. The program will then be loaded into Laurel and its executionwill begin. No confirmation is necessary even if the text in the composition region has not been filed or delivered.This text is restorable (with Undo or CANCEL, section 4.4.12) after the Run command has finished. The Runcommand will remain gray during the entire execution of the program. Each program has itsown rules about user interactions and termination. The "standard" runnable programs providedby the Laurel group have somewhat similar interfaces and tend to be self documenting.The default extension for programs to be run in Laurel via the Run command is .laurel. Youneed not type the .laurel extension into the Program {brackets} if the program you wish to runhas a .laurel extension. Also, after invoking Run with RED, subsequent RED clicks on the Runcommand will cycle the contents of the Program {brackets} through the prefixes of all files onyour local disk that end in .laurel. For Mesa programmers: the programs that run in Laurel are standard AltoMesa 6 .bcd files; a .laurel file is merely a .bcd file renamed. The .laurel extension was chosen so as to distinguishprograms intended to run inside Laurel from the large population of random .bcd files that most Mesa programmershave on their local disks. To run a suitable program whose extension is not .laurel, just type the entire file name intothe Program {brackets}.The Run command also allows the running of a program that is not on the local disk at the timethe command is invoked. If a remote filename is entered into the {brackets}, then that programwill be retrieved onto the local disk first, the {brackets} will be changed to reflect the localfilename, and the program will then be loaded and run in the normal manner. Such programsretrieved "on the fly" will remain on the local disk until you explictly delete them from the Altofile system. See also the description of the RunPath Laurel profile option (section 5).Before a program is loaded with the Run command, Laurel makes several consistency checks tomake sure it may properly be run within Laurel. After the program has completed, more checksare made to insure that the program just run has not damaged Laurel's environment. Violationsof these checks may produce amusing results.3.7. Deliver Sending a messageBefore you attempt to send a message to its recipients, you must compose the outgoing messageproperly. This section gives the rules for composing messages and naming recipients first, thengives a detailed description of the delivery process.In order to make inadvertent message delivery difficult, the Deliver command may not be present on the screen atsome times. These times are at Laurel startup and immediately after the New form, Answer, Forward, and Delivercommands. The Deliver command will appear after any edit is performed on the composed message.о$'пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_ф©рHфЄоgп]Kфњр_оgп[Ђфр,оgпXф« rpф¬ rp tpоgпVDфр+о]пS¦sprprоgпQpфір!rprpфґоgпO=rprpф—фр:оgпMrф€ tр&ф‰рDоgпKЁфрHutpф®rоgпIЭpф±фІрGоgпHф›р3фњр*оgпFHфрUоgпBЦф©р>фЄrpоgпAфќр-sprprpоgп?Aф©р/rptptpфЄrоgп=vpф§р'sprprpфЁоgп;«ф€ ф‰tрGоgп:ф“рEф”р2оgп8Ђф•рpоgп6ьфѓрLф„р-оgп5Uфvtututоgп1гpфЊrpр5фЌр"оgп0фђрBrprp ф‘оgп.MфЖр1rprpфЗоgп,ѓфЎрCфўоgп*ёфЋр%фЏр=оgп(офрXоgп%|фџф rpр4оgп#±фЌр:фЋр#оgп!жф“ф”рLоgп фр,оgп/rоgпЈpф™р$фљр9оgпШфЈр[ф¤оgп фр5оgпїtфЎр=utфў оgп ;фЈр&ф¤р#utututuоgп·tфutрIя Xg”=‡\wmLAUREL MANUAL263.7.1. Editing the message headerRecall that a message contains two major parts: the header and the body. Since Laurel allowsfree editing of the outgoing message, there are certain rules that you must observe in order tokeep your message intelligible to the Deliver parser. The header and body are separated by adouble CR; this causes the appearance of a blank line between the header and body whendisplayed on the Laurel screen. All of Laurel's initial message forms have this blank linefollowing the skeleton header. Do not remove that blank line or insert a blank line inside theheader; otherwise information contained in the header will be misunderstood.Each separate field of the header begins on a new line with a word immediately followed by acolon. The word preceding the colon specifies the meaning of the word or words following thecolon, e.g., To: specifies that the words following the colon are to be interpreted as recipientnames; Subject: specifies that the words following the colon are merely text and not recipientnames. There should be no reason to type a CR in the text following the colon except for the CRthat terminates the entire field. If it is necessary to insert a CR for line folding purposes, the combination CRBLANK is interpreted by all message parsers as equivalent to BLANK and will not terminate the field. Laurel identifies items that it expects you to replace by supplying a keyword bracketed bymatching black triangles. Laurel will refuse to deliver any message whose header contains one(the left one) of these black triangles. This protects you from simple oversights, such as forgettingto supply a Subject: field.3.7.2. Naming recipientsThe recipients of a message are specified in the To: and cc: fields of the header. You need toknow the registered name of each individual or group to whom you want to send a message.Many organizations publish local telephone lists that include mail system recipient names. A Xerox-wide, messagesystem "white pages" directory is planned. Of course, you can often discover these names by looking inthe headers of incoming messages.A recipient name has two parts separated by a period. The second part is a registry name, andthe first part is the identifier for someone in that registry. Most registry names currentlycorrespond roughly to "campuses" of activity within Xerox, which should make them easier toremember. At present, the following registries exist:DLOS-Dallas, TXEOS-Electro-Optical Systems, Pasadena, CAES-El Segundo, CA (now served by Grapevine)HENR-Henrietta, NYLB-Leesburg, VAPA-Palo Alto, CA (now served by Grapevine)RX-Rank Xerox, London, EnglandSTHQ-Xerox Corporate Headquarters, Stamford, CTWBST-Webster, NYXRCC-Xerox Research Center, Toronto, Canadaо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_rфр!оgп[¤pф¦ф§р?оgпYЩф¬рSфоgпXфЄрXф«оgпVDфЧtpр!фШр,оgпTyфЭфЮрKоgпRЇфҐф¦рRоgпPдфрLоgпMrфўр!sфЈpр:оgпKЁф›рYфњоgпIЭфјфЅрTоgпHфµф¶рEоgпFHф‡р,tpр0tоgпD}pф€р#tф‰р:оgпBІфэрFфюpфоgп?AфЫр+фЬр/оgп=vф©р<фЄр"оgп;«фЂрGфЃоgп9бфоgп5Urоgп1гpфћ фџрQоgп0ф«ф¬рEоgп.qtф«ф¬рWоgп,ЙфЋр*pфЏр9оgп*яфр!оgп'ЌфњрLspфќоgп%Вфгр]оgп#шфЇр3ф°р(оgп"-фр6о]п»оўо о]проор%о]п&оор)о]п[ооо]п‘ооо]пЖоор(о]пыооо]п1оўор*о]пfоўо о]п›оор& ЪgT=‡Y·A3. Screen commands27Note that the registry names tend to be geographic rather than organizationalit's easier toremember approximately where individuals work than what organizations they are a part of today.Also, at the time of this writing, only the ES and PA registries are served by Grapevine, thusenabling many advanced message transport features. In time, most of the other registries will beconverted to Grapevine.Most messages involve activities within a single campus, and since registries correspond tocampuses, most of the recipients of a message tend to be in the same registry. It would becumbersome if Laurel always required that you use the complete name for all recipients, just as itwould be cumbersome to have to dial an area code to telephone your neighbor across the street.Laurel allows you to omit the registry name for recipients who are in your registry. For example,someone in the registry for the Palo Alto area, say "Someone.PA", could send a message with thefollowing acceptable message header:Subject: demonstration of recipient namingTo: Person1, Person2cc: Person3, FarAwayPerson1.ESLaurel presumes that the names that lack registries are in the sender's registry, which, in this case,is "PA". Since "FarAwayPerson1.ES" explicitly includes a registry, no ".PA" suffix is presumedby Laurel. Thus, in this case then message will go to "Person1.PA", "Person2.PA","Person3.PA", and "FarAwayPerson1.ES".3.7.3. Public distribution listsThe mail system provides a way to address messages to groups of recipients. Each registryincludes some recipient names whose first part ends with the character "^". Such names identifygroups rather than individuals. Using such a name as the recipient of a message causes themessage to go to all the individuals included in the group. For example, the To: lineTo: CSL^.PAwill cause the message to be delivered to all of the approximately 75 recipients in the ComputerScience Laboratory of the Palo Alto Research Center. If the sender is in the PA registry, then the .PAmay be omitted.The public distribution lists for each registry are stored on mail server machines, and aremaintained by the administrators of that registry, by the owners of the lists, and in some cases bythe members of the lists. To create a public distribution list you must contact an administratorfor your registry, who will make sure that your proposed name does not conflict with any others,and who will create the list for you. You can get your name added to appropriate lists bycontacting an owner of that list, or, if you are in a Grapevine registry, by using the programMaintain.laurel (see section 3.6, Run command and Appendix B). In Grapevine registries, byconvention, the owners of a list named list^.registry are listed in the companion list Owners-list^.registry. If you cannot make a desired change to a public list yourself, then sending amessage to Owners-list^.registry is a good way to request that the changes be made.о$'пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_фСфТрSоgп]KфЃрXф‚оgп[ЂфЇр"ф°р<оgпY¶фђф‘рKоgпWлфоgпTyфмфнрNоgпRЇфїр[оgпPдф…рbоgпOф“р+ф”р3оgпMOф„рBф…оgпK„ф†р_оgпIєфр$о]пGр*о]пEQо]пC†оgп@ифѓр(ф„р>оgп?фрVф™оgп=Sф2рDф3 оgп;€фр&оgп6ьrоgп3ЉpфПрKфРоgп1їфЌрLфЋоgп/хфВфГрNоgп.*фыр<фьо]п+Њф оgп(оф•р-ф–р3оgп'#ф›р#фњtр1оgп%Xфоgп!жpфйр!фкр:оgп ф€ф‰рCоgпQфџ ф рSоgп‡фЌрFфЋоgпјфЕрQфЖоgпсф·р3фёр+оgп'фєр"rpр6оgп\фЕр'spsp фЖоgп‘spspфЛрPоgпЗфspspр3¦gЂ=‡V‹LAUREL MANUAL28While you are permited to address messages to any public distribution list (in any registry), youshould think very carefully about your choice of message and list so as not to bother recipientswith messages they don't care to read. Check with experienced users to find out which listsshould be used for which kinds of messages (see also section 6).You need not worry about a recipient appearing in more than one distribution list. The messagetransport system will detect duplicate names among the recipients and ensure that each receivesthe message only once. Thus, you may use multiple distribution lists freely within the To: andcc: fields of the message header.3.7.4. Private distribution listsSuppose you have a collection of people to whom you frequently send messages. To avoidhaving to type the entire list of names every time you send a message to the group, you mayproceed as follows. Create an Alto file containing the list of names (separated by commas). Youmay find it convenient to "label" such distribution lists; you may do so by prefixing the list with identifying textfollowed by a colon, and then terminating the entire list with a "matching" semicolon. For example, such a filemight containLaurel Alpha users: Brown, Doe, Jones, Smith;Give this file a name, say "AlphaUsers.dl".Now, when composing a message in Laurel, include the file name in the appropriate field of themessage header (e.g., following To: or cc:), preceded by an "@" character:To: @AlphaUsers.dlWhile delivering the message, Laurel will read the file to determine the recipients. Multipleprivate distribution list specifiers may be used within a single field and may be intermixed withnames of individual recipients and public distribution listsseparate them all with commas. Byconvention, private distribution list file names end with .dl (for distribution list). @ expansion requires that thecomplete filename be given; no abbreviation mechanism exists.Private distribution lists need not be stored on your local disk. Laurel will accept a complete,remote file name following an "@", for example:@[Ivy]LaurelUsers.dlAs with public distribution lists, you need not worry about a recipient appearing more than once.Laurel will detect duplicate names among the recipients and ensure that each receives the messageonly once.3.7.5. DeliveryOnce you have composed the message you wish to transmit, you may initiate its delivery to therecipients by pointing the cursor at Deliver and clicking RED. Laurel will fill in your name andthe date (though they won't appear in the composition region) and proceed to send the message.A gray background will appear behind the Deliver command and the cursor will change to anhourglass. If Laurel discovers an error in the list of recipients, it will give you an opportunity toо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_ф›р]фњоgп]KфЎрKфўоgп[ЂфѕфїрDоgпY¶фр@оgпVDф‹фЊрWоgпTyфўфЈрJоgпRЇфџф рOоgпPдфр!оgпLXrр!оgпHжpфЙр>фКоgпGфЇрWф°оgпEQфЏрEфђtоgпC©ф©р^фЄоgпBф‹р9фЊpоgп@7фо]п=™р-оgп:ыр+оgп7‰ф‘ф’рIоgп5ѕфрJо]п3 оgп0‚фВр2фГр,оgп.·фћрaоgп,нф¤р\фҐtоgп+Eф·рWфёоgп)ћфр=оgп&,pф«р0ф¬р1оgп$aфр/оgп!Гр#оgпQфЉрGф‹оgп‡фЂр;фЃр&оgпјф оgп0rоgпѕpфќфћрCоgпуф™р%rp tpфљ оgп)ф’рAф“оgп ^ф®р)rpр#фЇоgп“фЋрWфЏяgL=‡\ї3. Screen commands29cancel the delivery and correct the mistake. When the list is acceptable (i.e., all specified recipients areknown to have in-boxes), Laurel will deliver the message and remove the hourglass and graybackground. After successful delivery, the word Deliver will disappear and will be replaced by"delivered". If an error occurs during delivery, an explanation of the error condition will bedisplayed in the feedback region. You may cancel delivery while the message "Type DEL if youwish to cancel delivery" appears in the feedback region.Deliver tells you the number of recipients to whom it will deliver the message. If this numberexceeds 30 or if the recipient list includes public distribution lists, and your message does notinclude a Reply-To: field, you must confirm the delivery. This is intended to minimizeunintentional deliveries to large distribution lists.When you are asked to confirm, you have three choices: to deliver the message including astandard Reply-To: field so that answers will go to yourself only, to deliver the message without aReply-To: field so that answers will normally go to all recipients specified in your message, or tocancel the delivery at this point. A message will appear in the feedback region indicating thechoices available. Striking ESC will deliver with the Reply-To: included (this isrecommended in most cases), striking "A" (for "All") will deliver without a Reply-To: field,striking DEL (or anything else) will cancel the delivery at this point. If you cancel the delivery atthis point, a Reply-To: field will be added to the message anyway; you may edit this fieldto include other names if you wish and re-invoke Deliver when ready.Extra confirmations may be necessary if invalid recipient names are detected. One confirmationper invalid name will be asked for. If Deliver is invoked with BLUE then Laurel will not requirethese invalid recipient confirmations. Large list Reply-To: confirmation is still required with BLUE. Thisconfirmed delivery mode is useful when sending a message to a large private distribution list thatmay contain a few invalid recipient names. Laurel will deliver to all the valid recipients andreport the number of invalid recipients when delivery is completed. When finished, Deliver alsotells you the size of the message (in characters).Before filling in your name in a composed message, Laurel will check to see if the message header already contains a"From" field. If so, Laurel inserts a "Sender" field with your name and leaves the "From" field untouched. It is the"From" field that is normally displayed in the table-of-contents. The name Laurel furnishes is your logged-in usernamesee section 3.1.1, User command.3.7.6. Corresponding with Arpanet recipientsThe Xerox mail system is connected to the ARPA network, and Laurel users can correspond withindividuals at other ARPA sites. Arpanet recipients at sites other than Parc-Maxc may be specifiedin the message header by either "name@ArpaHost" or "name at ArpaHost".Laurel recognizes messages that include Arpanet recipients except when the only such recipients arecontained in a public distribution list and performs a number of additional actions. When constructinga reply with Answer, Laurel will retain ArpaHost names for foreign recipients. During delivery,Laurel will append appropriate qualification to Xerox recipient names, ensuring that responsesfrom the remote ARPA site will reach them. Thus, you never need to append "@Parc-Maxc"explicitly.о$'пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_ф†рJtф‡оgп]KфЯp фар6оgп[Ђф›р2rpфњоgпY¶spфАр'фБр.оgпWлфр!ф™р-svsоgпV!фpр!оgпRЇrpфўфЈрCоgпPдфірKфґоgпOфцр:фчоgпMOфр5оgпIЭфЙрAфКоgпHф‚фѓрQоgпFHфЋр-фЏр6оgпD}фЇр"ф°р=оgпBІфtpр9оgп@ифЙфКрAоgп?фЉtpф‹рGоgп=Sфђр,ф‘р5оgп;€фр1rpоgп8ф™р'фљр8оgп6KфЏр(rptpфђоgп4Ѓф фЎtр>pоgп2¶фЉф‹рPоgп0мф·рFфёоgп/!ф“рCф”rpоgп-Vфр2оgп*tф‰р)фЉрKоgп(„ф‚рkфѓ оgп'фЎр\фўоgп%|фutоgп!rр,оgпЎpф‘р+tpф’оgпЦфЂtpр*фЃоgпфр!spspspspоgпљфГр;tфДоgпПф‘р'pф’р'оgпфњrpфќspр0оgп:фёр5ф№р)оgпoфІфіtpрCоgп Ґ я Цg ^<‡ZaLAUREL MANUAL30Laurel requires you to supply the .registry extension on all Xerox recipient names if you are sending the message to atleast one Arpanet recipient and your registry is not .PA. Otherwise, Laurel will complain "local names need registryappended".Laurel supports a subset of the ARPA standard for message headers (RFC 733/NIC 41952).Happily, users need not be aware of most of the requirements of this extensive standard exceptfor the warnings about CR's in message headers stated at the beginning of this section.If you include private distribution list names in the header, the ARPA standard requires that they be enclosed inquotes; for example:"@[Ivy]LaurelUsers.dl"Laurel will still recognize and expand your private distribution list, and will remind you when quotes are necessary.яо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_9tф‚р"vtфѓр?оgп]µф“рuоgп\1 оgпXвpфкфлtptptpоgпWф рNфЎоgпUMфtpр>оgпQюtф«р(ф¬рIоgпPzфо]пNЊр%оgпLћфњфќрdя0gL{=‡ђb4. The Laurel Editor314. The Laurel EditorThe Laurel editor provides a convenient point-and-type style screen editor for editing messages inthe composition region of the Laurel screen. Users of Bravo should be able to use the Laureleditor with almost no training, since the Laurel editor mimics most of Bravo's interaction style.Formatting facilities are restricted to line-turning only; there are no "looks" in the Bravo sense.Only one font (a variation of TimesRoman 10) is supported, and only one face (plain) is availablefor text. Given these restrictions, however, the Laurel editor does provide many facilities that insome areas go well beyond Bravo.The single Laurel program allows a user to select between two distinct editing styles, called modaland modeless. A modal editor style means that depending on the state (or mode) of the editoronly certain actions are allowable. The meaning of a particular keystroke may be different atdifferent times, depending on the current mode of the system. A modeless editor style means anycommand may be given at any time, regardless of the actions performed up to that time.According to this definition, the Laurel modeless editor is not, strictly speaking, modeless. It does come much closerto this ideal, however than does the modal editor.The Laurel modal editor is nearly identical in command structure to the familiar Bravo 7 and 8editors and to the previous Laurel 5.1 editor. The actions necessary to insert text in this editorare roughly: Select an item; type a text insertion command letter (A, I, or R); type or select textfor insertion; terminate insertion (type ESC).The Laurel modeless editor includes all of the commands of the modal editor, but the actionsnecessary for common operations are more streamlined. The modeless editor is similar in commandstructure to the BravoX and LaurelX editors. In the modeless editor, the actions required to insert textare: Select insertion point; type or insert text. No explicit start or stop of insertion is required.Since the commands available in either editor are similar, this section describes each command inonly one place, giving differences between modal and modeless in fine points. When a keyboardcommand is discussed, it will be identified by its command letter in two ways, for modal and formodeless editor invocation. In the modal editor, a command is distinguished by its being given atthe appropriate time, i.e., when a caret is not blinking. Such commands are given merely bytyping the command letter. In the modeless editor, where the caret is always blinking (you areessentially in type-in mode all the time), some other way must be used to distinguish a commandletter from a typed-in letter. The Laurel modeless editor does this by requiring that an extra keybe held down while you type the command letter (similar to holding down SHIFT for capitalletters). The key used for this purpose is called COM (for COMMAND; see section 4.4 for itslocation on various keyboards.)An editor keyboard command, for example, the Time insertion command is described as T (COM-T), indicating that in the modal editor the command is given by typing the letter T when incommand mode (no blinking caret), or by COM-T in the modeless editor (at any time). Somecommands allow synonyms, as with the text deletion command, D (DEL, COM-D). Here, in themodal editor, the command is given by typing the letter D when in command mode, while in themodeless editor the command is given either by typing the DEL key or by typing COM-D.яо$-пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп^ПqфоgпZCpф† ф‡рXоgпXxф§фЁрNоgпV®ф§рaоgпTгфЎр@фўр#оgпSф„рCф…оgпQNф’рDф“оgпOѓфоgпLф†р9ф‡р%rоgпJGpфҐrp ф¦р4rpоgпH|фір@фґоgпFІфЂфЃрPоgпDзфгрVоgпC@sфђрwоgпAфр2оgп>&pф›р!фњр=оgп<\фџр.ф р5оgп:‘фљр2ф›spspspоgп8Жфр)spоgп5Uф°р>ф±оgп3Љфїр7sфА оgп1їф›р,pфњр5оgп/хфќр>фћр(оgп,ѓф‰фЉрOоgп*ёф‹р^оgп(офЌрDфЋоgп'#фЂрOфЃоgп%Xфµр?ф¶оgп#Ћфџф рMоgп!ГфЉр5ф‹р*оgпшфЉф‹рMоgп.фАрHspфБоgпcфїфАspspоgп™фоgп'фЌрFфЋ sоgп\pфБр4фВspоgп‘ф±р(spфІоgпЗфр)ф®spspоgпьфЉф‹р'spр"оgп2фвфгspsp Шg л=‡Z XLAUREL MANUAL324.1. Getting startedThere are numerous parameters that modify Laurel editor operations that you may set in yourLaurel profile if you choose (see section 5). Fortunately, all of these parameters have defaultsettings, so that you may use the Laurel editor without setting any of these parameters yourself.Laurel chooses the modal editor by default for compatibility with previous versions.Should you wish to use the modeless editor, you must place the entryEditor: Modelessin your Laurel profile. A strongly recommended entry for the Laurel profile should you choosethe modeless editor isBluePendingDelete: TRUEwhich will enable a convenient feature in that editor.After having used either of the Laurel editors for some time, you may wish to set some of theother parameters in the Laurel profile to suit your own taste.4.2. Selecting TextThe mechanics of selecting text in the Laurel editor are quite similar to those of Bravo, althoughLaurel extends the available functionality considerably. With one mouse button click you mayselect a character, word, line or paragraph. With an extra click you can extend the currentselection. By clicking multiple times it is possible to expand a selection from character to word toline to paragraph to the complete document, or you may shrink one edge of the selection backdown through the selection hierarchy.4.2.1. Target and source selectionsTwo general types of selection will be referred to in this manual. The first is target selection,known in Bravo terms as primary selection. This selection is called target because it indicateswhere the editing will occur. A target selection is indicated on the screen with a solid underlineor with a solid bottomed video reversal in the modeless editor when the selection is a replace selection. The othertype of selection is source selection, known in Bravo terms as secondary selection. This selectionis called source because it indicates the source of text to be copied. Source selections, bothsecondary and shifted, are indicated on the screen by a dotted underline or by a "serated bottom"video reversal in the modeless editor for move selection.The mechanics of selection described below apply to both target and source selections exceptwhen otherwise indicated.о$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_tфоgпZЉpфрOф®оgпXїфґфµрKоgпVффќр?фћр"оgпU*фрTоgпQёрDо]пOоgпL{ф–ф—рFоgпJ±фо]пHоgпEtр6оgпBф¤рYфҐоgп@7фр>оgп:Ktоgп5ѕpфђрbоgп3ффЄр9ф«р$оgп2)фЙрPфКоgп0_фЃф‚рEоgп.”фўр.фЈр.оgп,Йфр%оgп(=tр#оgп$Лpф¬рGф rp оgп#фіфґrpрAоgп!6ф“рLф”оgпksфЌрipфЋ оgпЎф•rpф–р$rpоgпЦфДр>фЕр!оgпф¬р>ф sоgпAфр9оgпПpфАр3фБр)оgпфдgЅ=‡UNй4. The Laurel Editor334.2.2. The selection hierarchyThe selection hierarchy refers to the character, word, line, paragraph, and document levels atwhich a text selection may be made. Going up the hierarchy means changing levels to the nexthigher one, e.g., from character to word. Note that line is considered higher than word, although a very longword that occupies multiple lines may actually be longer than a line. Such a case is rare. Going down thehierarchy means the opposite, i.e., changing levels from a higher level down to the next lowerone.4.2.3. Character selectionA character is any single character. To select a character, point the cursor at that character andclick RED. A solid underline will appear under the character selected. If you hold RED downwhile you move the cursor, you will see the solid underline move from character to character asthe cursor moves. When you lift up on RED, the solid underline will remain under the lastcharacter thus underlined.In character selection, as with all text selection actions in Laurel, the previous selection isremembered while the new selection is being made. If the cursor is moved out of the text regionin which the selection is being made while the mouse button used for selection is still down, theprevious text selection is restored. To make a selection "stick", the mouse button (in this caseRED) must be lifted up while the cursor is still pointing at the selected object. This last featureallows you to push down a mouse button at any place on the Laurel screen and hold it downwhile moving the mouse to any desired location (e.g., a screen command) without danger ofdestroying any selections along the cursor's trajectory.4.2.4. Word selectionA word is any of the following: a contiguous sequence of letters and digits, a contiguous run ofblanks and tabs including at most one CR at the right edge, or a single punctuation character. Toselect a word, point the cursor at any place within that word and click YELLOW. A solidunderline will appear under the word selected. If you hold YELLOW down while you move thecursor, you will see the solid underline move from word to word as the cursor moves. When youlift up on YELLOW, the solid underline will remain under the last word thus underlined.A word may also be selected with two rapid clicks of RED, as described in Selection expansionbelow.4.2.5. Line selectionA line is one line of text as displayed on the Laurel screen. Lines are somewhat arbitrary units ofselection when several contiguous lines contain no CR, since the exact break point between linesdepends on the widths of characters and on the width of the Laurel screen. To select a line,move the cursor into the line bar, the area of the Laurel screen to the left of the text and to theright of the scroll bar. When the cursor is in the line bar it appears as a right-pointing arrow.Point the cursor at the desired line and click RED. A solid underline will appear under the lineselected. If you hold RED down while you move the cursor in the line bar, you will see the solidо$-пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_tфоgп[¤pфИrpр%фЙр"оgпYЩф—рTфоgпXф„ф… sрCоgпVDф®рMфЇ pоgпTyф°р^оgпRЇоgпN#tфоgпJ±pф›рcоgпHжфЁspрBф© spоgпGф—р'фр8оgпEQфАфБspр0оgпC†фоgп@фжр(фзр7оgп>Jф†р"ф‡р>оgп<ф’р.ф“р3оgп:ґфЁрWф© оgп8кspф›рYфњоgп7фЄрLф«оgп5UфЕфЖр@оgп3Љфр8оgп.юtоgп+Њpф™фљрAоgп)Бф…ф†spр:оgп'чфЩр&фЪр"sp оgп&,фћрJф•р+spр+оgп<ф№рIфєоgп:ґфВspфГр*оgп8кф„sрIф…оgп7оgп3pр;spр%оgп1гфspр*spф™rоgп0pфоgп+Њtоgп(pфр7ф®sоgп&OpфҐр'ф¦р5оgп"Эфњр>spфќоgп!фЉ spр)spф‹оgпHspфр"rpоgпјtоgпJpфХр&фЦspspоgпфЋрXфЏоgпµфҐрDф¦оgпкфќр2фћр0оgп ф¦рbоgпUф†рNф‡оgпЉфgC=‡[И94. The Laurel Editor35If you extend a character, word or line selection by pointing in the line bar, then the extension ismade at the line level and the selection level is changed to the line level. When a selection isalready at the line level, then extensions made by pointing within the text will also be made atthe line level.If a selection is already at the paragraph level, then extension by pointing within the text orwithin the line bar is made at the paragraph level. If a selection is already at the full documentlevel, then extension merely reselects the full document.Extending a selection to some point, when that point is not inside the existing selection, willextend the selection so that all of the existing selection plus the extra text up to (or down to) thatpoint is included in the resulting selection. Extending a selection to some point that is within theexisting selection will actually cause the selection to shrink. In this case, the endpoint of theexisting selection that is closer to the beginning of the message will be retained in the resultingselection.4.2.9. Selection expansionSelection expansion differs from selection extension in that it expands the current selection to thenext higher level in the selection hierarchy. Selection expansion is accomplished by rapidmultiple RED or YELLOW mouse clicks, where each click after the first is given within theselection existing at that time. For example, pointing at a character and clicking RED once willselect that character as usual. Pointing at a character and clicking RED twice will select the wordcontaining that character; clicking three times will select the line containing that character; fourtimes will select the paragraph containing that character; five times will select the entire message.Multiple clicks with YELLOW are similar, except that the first click selects a word and subsequentclicks go up the hierarchy from there.Multiple clicks with RED in the line bar start at the line level, then up to paragraph level andthen to document level. Multiple clicks with YELLOW in the line bar start at the paragraph level,then go to document level.Clicking rapidly is important. There is a timeout associated with multiple clicking for selectionexpansion. If the next click is given within the timeout after the last click is completed, theselection is expanded. If the next click is given after the timeout has elapsed, then the selectionstarts at the original level in the selection hierarchy (for that button and position) again. Thetimeout should be selected so that stationary multiple clicks are naturally produced within thetimeout, while mouse motion between clicks uses enough time so that the multi-click hierarachystarts over.The default timeout for selection expansion via multiple clicks is 0.39 seconds. It is possible thatyour own mouse habits may not be in agreement with this setting, causing you to get selectionexpansion when you don't want it or vice versa. If this is the case, or if you wish to disable themultiple click--selection expansion feature altogether, then you may want to use the Click: entryin the Laurel profile (see section 5).яо$-пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_ф‰рSфЉоgп]Kф¤фҐрGоgп[Ђфўр]фЈоgпY¶фоgпVDфїр6фАр)оgпTyф“р9ф”р*оgпRЇфр9оgпO=фїфАрBоgпMrф†р0ф‡р6оgпKЁф†ф‡р]оgпIЭфёр4ф№р.оgпHфЎрRфўоgпFH оgпAјtфоgп>JpфЉр4ф‹р0оgп<фжр"фзр9оgп:ґфЯspspр2фаоgп8кф р!фЎр3sp оgп7фЏр8фђ spоgп5UфЈр)ф¤р;оgп3ЉфЋр*фЏр;оgп1їspфђрGоgп/хфр&оgп,ѓф«spф¬р/оgп*ёф‹р.spфЊоgп(офоgп%|фЈф¤рOоgп#±фјр`оgп!жф•ф–рMоgп ф±р^фІоgпQф·рTфё оgп‡фњ фќрPоgпјфоgпJфЌрGфЋоgпфҐр@ф¦оgпµф‘р?ф’р$оgпкфљрIф›оgп фр&`gЩ=‡X2.LAUREL MANUAL364.2.10. Selection reductionThe level of a selection may be reduced by multi-clicking BLUE. The first BLUE click causesextension as usual. If another BLUE click is given within the timeout, then the level of theselection is reduced by one (but never below character level). This feature is useful if you start aselection at the word (or higher) level, but after extending the selection you realize that the newendpoint should be at a character boundary. Just re-click BLUE several times to knock theselection level down, and select the endpoint as you wish. Selection reduction uses the sametimeout as selection expansion (see above).4.2.11. Type-in point selection (modeless editor only)To set the type-in point in the modal editor, a keyboard command such as A, I, or R must begiven (see section 4.4). In the modeless editor, the type-in point is selected along with the textwhenever you make a target (primary) selection. The type-in point is shown by a blinking caret(also called the insertion caret); the tip of the caret shows where typed-in characters will beinserted. Thus in the modeless editor, you get both an underlined piece of text and a blinkingcaret together with each selection action.The type-in point is placed between characters at one end of the selected text. This end is theone closest to the tip of the cursor when the selection is made.Text geography lesson: The point after the last character on a line is logically the same as the point before the firstcharacter on the next line. Laurel will place the type-in point before the last character on a line when the above rulestates that it should be placed after that character. This is done because 1) a caret meant to blink at the point afterthe last character on a line is always placed before the first character of the next line, 2) such a placement would bespatially distant from the text selection and thus confusing, and 3) it is the "right" thing. Thus you may sometimessee the display of the blinking caret slightly "inside" of the solid underline. If you wish to place the caret after thelast character of a line, then select the beginning of the next line. The only way in the modeless editor to positionthe insertion point after the last CR of a message is with the COM-A command (section 4.4).In general, one is interested in either selecting a piece of text or in selecting the type-in point, butnot both. If you want to select a piece of text in the modeless editor, just select that text ignoringthe placement of the insertion caret. If you want to place the type-in point, then point the tip ofthe cursor at the point between characters where you want the type-in point to be. The selectionunderline will be drawn under either the previous or subsequent item. The underline placementin this case is irrelevant, the important fact to remember is that the insertion caret will be placedproperly if you point at the spot where you want it to be.4.2.12. Replace selection (modeless editor only)When you make a replace selection, subsequent type-in will delete the selected text automaticallyin addition to inserting the typed-in characters. Although in the modeless editor it is possible toreplace text by selecting that text, deleting it, and then typing in the new text, it is easier to selectthe original text with replace selection and then just type the new text.Whenever a selection is made a replace selection, it is indicated on the screen by video reversalrather than by the usual solid underline. For example, the initial text selection in the skeletonform provided by the New form command is made this way.яо$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_tфоgп[¤pф»фјspspоgпYЩфЗspфИр*оgпXф€р,ф‰р9оgпVDф–ф—рSоgпTyфСфТр,spоgпRЇф№фєрNоgпPдфр+оgпLXtр6оgпHжpф©рEфЄspspspоgпGф рOфЎоgпEQф”ф•рNоgпC†фИр-фЙр2оgпAјф рPфЎоgп?сфр*оgп<ф р<фЎр$оgп:ґфр@оgп7fsф•рqф–оgп5вф‡ф€р,usр1оgп4^фЋфЏр`оgп2ЪфЋрbфЏоgп1Uф”ф•р[оgп/Сф‘рyоgп.Mф•р3ф–рCоgп,Йфр[оgп){pф‚р<фѓр,оgп'°фЃр(ф‚р?оgп%еф‰р2фЉр2оgп$ф‹рaоgп"Pф‘ф’рGоgп †фЏрFфђоgп»фр:оgп/tр0оgпЅpфЋр-фЏр4оgптф’рXф“оgп(ф†рiоgп]фрIоgп лфќфћрEоgп фҐр;ф¦р'оgп Vфtp8g <‡]ьA4. The Laurel Editor37There are several ways in which you can select text with replace selection. One is that severalcommands (New form, Answer, Forward, Find, and NEXT--section 4.4) select text this way. Asecond way is enabled if you have set the BluePendingDelete feature in your Laurel profile(highly recommended if you use the modeless editor). If this feature is enabled, then allselections made with BLUE automatically become replace selections. The reasoning behind this is that ifyou use BLUE for selection, you are more interested in the selected text than in the insertion point, and your interestin this text is for purposes of deleting or replacing it. On the other hand, if you only want to insert text, then thereis no need to use BLUE in making the selection. The parameter name "BluePendingDelete" is retained for historicalreasons.4.3. Text inputText may be inserted into the message in the composition region in several ways. The editordisplays a blinking caret in the position in which text will be inserted whenever the editor isready for text insertion. In the modal editor, the blinking caret is only displayed when in insertmode. In the modal editor, you must enter insert mode by giving one of the three start-of-type-inkeyboard commands, A, I or R. In the modeless editor, the caret is always blinking; it isessentially in insert mode all of the time.When type-in is acceptable, character insertion may be performed simply by typing charactersfrom the keyboard. The characters will be entered into the message in the composition region atthe blinking caret, and Laurel will continuously format and display the entire message toaccomodate the new type-in.4.3.1. Special charactersSeveral characters have special meanings during type-in:BS, CTRL-A (either editor): Back up over (erase) the previous character. Characters of newlytyped-in text that are erased by BS or CTRL-A are not recoverable via U (CANCEL, COM-U) (section4.4). In the modal editor, BS or CTRL-A will not back up beyond the original insertion point forthis sequence of type-in. In the modeless editor, BS or CTRL-A will back up from any positionregardless of the original insertion point.SHIFT-BS, SHIFT-CTRL-A (modeless editor only): Erase the following character.CTRL-W (BW on Alto II keyboard, modal editor only), (COM-BS, modeless editor only): Back upover (erase) the previous word. This "word" is of the form A+N*, where A+ is one or more alphanumericcharacters (letters and digits) and N* is zero or more non-alphanumeric characters (white space and punctuation.) Thisis different from, and consists of roughly two "words" as defined in section 4.2, Word selection. In the modaleditor, CTRL-W will not back up beyond the original insertion point for this sequence of type-in.In the modeless editor, CTRL-W will back up from any position regardless of original insertionpoint.SHIFT-CTRL-W, SHIFT-COM-BS (modeless editor only): Erase the following word. Here a word isdefined as N*A+, with N* and A+ defined as above.о$-пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_ф§рKфЁоgп]Kфј tptptptpsp фЅоgп[ЂфМр!фНр9оgпY¶фгрZоgпWлф…spр+sр$оgпVDф‡р6ф€рAоgпTАфЉр5ф‹рDоgпS<фЊрWфЌоgпQ”оgпKЁtфоgпGpфІр8фір$оgпEQф»р?фјоgпC†ф–ф—рDrоgпAјpф‚фѓр\оgп?сфЩspspфЪspр>оgп>&фр+оgп:ґфєр3ф»р)оgп8кф‹фЊрXоgп7фтр;фуоgп5Uфоgп0Иtоgп-Vpр8оgп)дspфёspф№рLоgп(ф‹р!spфЊspspspspоgп&Oф”spspр9оgп$…фҐф¦spspоgп"єфр+оgпHspspр8оgпЦspф¦spф§spоgпф”р!s ф•п™п п™поgпdфЃрcф‚оgпЅф©р.фЄр$u sp оgптф—sp фрEоgп(фіspр@оgп]оgп лspфГspр3фДs оgп ф пп пп ЪgЩ=‡\2WLAUREL MANUAL38ESC, DEL (modal editor only): Terminates insertion. Insert mode is terminated; command modeis entered.TAB: Laurel 6 supports tabs. There are twelve equally spaced tab stops (in Bravo parlance, 40point plain tabs) across one screen line. A TAB will insert white space up to the next tab stopfrom the point at which the caret is blinking. Fine point: A TAB must be at least 5 points wide, the widthof a space, to make selection of tabs reasonable. A TAB inserted less than five points before a tab stop will tab overto the next tab stop. Although TAB's may be inserted across line breaks in Laurel, it is recommendedthat they be used only on lines preceded by a CR. Otherwise, subsequent insertions can rearrangethese tabs in unexpected ways, and in addition, hardcopy may not correspond to the display.LF: The LF key in the modal editor inserts a Line Feed character into your message. There isgenerally no need to use this character, as Laurel displays new lines based on CR or line breaksalone. In the modeless editor, this key is actually a separate command key (PASTE), therefore itshould be avoided during type-in.4.3.2. Shifted selectionA special kind of selection, called shifted selection, is available as an alternative to type-inwhenever type-in is allowed (either editor). To make a shifted selection, hold down either SHIFTkey, make a selection in either the message display region or in the message composition regionaccording to the standard conventions while holding the SHIFT key down, and then lift up on theSHIFT key. The selection will be highlighted with a dotted underline as you make it. When youlift up on the SHIFT key, the dotted underline will disappear, and a copy of that text will beinserted at the blinking caret.In either editor, no ESC is necessary to confirm the shifted selection. Lifting up the SHIFT key isall that is required. Also, insert mode is not terminated by using shifted selection. You mayproceed to type or perform another shifted selection immediately. You may find intermixingtype-in and shifted selections during a single insertion sequence to be very convenient. Allselection rules apply while making a shifted selection, in particular, multi-clicking for selectionexpansion is allowed.In the modeless editor, a replace selection will be replaced by shifted selection just as it is replaced by type-in.If you start to make a shifted selection by mistake, you may cancel that shifted selection any timebefore lifting up the SHIFT key. Just press the DEL or CANCEL (modeless) key while the SHIFTkey is still down. The dotted underline will disappear, and no text copying will take place.4.3.3. Secondary selection (modal editor only)A holdover from the previous version of Laurel (and from Bravo) is secondary selection. Thiskind of text selection is available only in the modal editor. It is similar to shifted selection exceptthatо$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_spф™spр+фљр)оgп]Kф оgпYЩspфЁф©рSоgпXф¤фҐspр0оgпVDф‡ ф€р"sр;оgпTќф†ф‡рZоgпRхфЂp spфЃр0оgпQ+ф‚фѓspр1оgпO`фїр<фАоgпKоspф¤spфҐр3оgпJ#ф›фњр>spоgпHYфљф›р6spоgпFЋфр!оgпBtоgп>ђpфдр$rpфер'оgп<Жфђр5ф‘р'sоgп:ыpфљр=ф›р"оgп90ф•р&rurpф–оgп7fspфЌрLфЋ оgп5›ф¶spф·рAоgп3Рфоgп0_фЏspр;фђspоgп.”фЇф°рIоgп,ЙфјрBфЅоgп*яфПфРрJоgп)4фµрcоgп'iфоgп#шsфёр\ф№оgп †pф†ф‡рWоgп»фўspфЈspspsоgпрpфЖр8фЗр%оgпdtфр.оgптpф®р8фЇ rpоgп(фѓр#ф„рEоgп]яdg<‡Vх=4. The Laurel Editor39a)It may be performed only immediately after issuing an A, I, or R command,b)The SHIFT key is not held down,c)You must type an ESC to confirm the secondary selection, andd)You leave insert mode and return to command mode after the ESC.Shifted selection is in almost all respects superior to secondary selection. Secondary selection hasbeen retained to preserve compatibility with the previous Laurel editor.4.3.4. Delete selection (modeless editor only)Replace selections wait for type-in before the selected text is deleted; they may be cancelled byreselecting somewhere else. A delete selection can be made by holding down the CTRL key whilemaking a selection. In this case, the selection is indicated by video reversal regardless of themouse button used for making the selection, and when all buttons go up, the text is deletedimmediately. This gives a very rapid means for deleting several pieces of text in a message.If you start to make a delete selection by mistake, you may cancel that selection any time beforelifting up the CTRL key. Just press the CANCEL key while the CTRL key is still down. The videoreversal will be replaced by a solid underline, and no deletion will take place.4.3.5. Move selection (modeless editor only)A logically elegant kind of selection called Move selection is available in the modeless editor only.CTRL-select performs a delete selection, i.e., it is deleted immediately after lifting up the keys.When coupled with SHIFT-select, which means that the selected text is copied to a insertion point,we get CTRL-SHIFT-select, or move selection, which deletes the text from its current position andinserts it at the insertion point.Before making a move selection, verify that the insertion caret is in the correct place for insertingthe text to be moved. Push down both the CTRL and SHIFT keys, make the selection of text to bemoved, and lift up the CTRL and SHIFT keys. When the move selection is made, the selected textwill be highlighted by video reversal (as with CTRL-select) with a "serated bottom" (as with SHIFT-select). When the CTRL and SHIFT keys are raised, the selected text will be deleted and insertedat the insertion caret. The insertion caret will blink at the point just after this newly inserted text,and you may continue type-in.If you start to make a move selection by mistake, you may cancel that selection any time beforelifting up the CTRL and SHIFT keys. Just press the CANCEL key while the CTRL or SHIFT key isstill down. The serated bottom video reversal will disappear, and no move will take place.о$-пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_о`фр6spspspоgп\wо`spоgпYЩо`spр(оgпW;о`р;spоgпSЙф‹р4фЊр1оgпQюфрHоgпMrtр.оgпJpфџр<ф р%оgпH6ф‡рPsp оgпFkф·фёрYоgпD фѕфїр?оgпBЦфАр]оgп?dф‘рGф’оgп=™ф‹spspфЊ spоgп;ПфрPоgп7Btр,оgп3Рpф‡р-r pр$ф€оgп2spфµрUф¶ оgп0;ф†spр:ф‡оgп.qф™s pрCфљоgп,¦фр"оgп)4ф‰рWфЉ оgп'iф‚фѓspspр'оgп%џф† ф‡spspр:оgп#ФфЂр/spр$фЃspоgп" ф”spspр7ф•оgп ?фЃф‚рYоgпtфоgпф•ф–рKоgп8фљspspsp ф›spspоgпmфРфСрCя "g&=‡PеLAUREL MANUAL404.4. Keyboard CommandsThere are many other functions available in the Laurel editors. These functions are present inboth editors, but the ways in which they are invoked differ substantially. This section firstdescribes how the commands are invoked in either editor and then lists each function inalphabetical order of command character. Those commands invoked by special keys (other thanthe alphanumeric keys) are listed last. Each command description will give the command letterwith which it is invoked in the modal editor first, with the letter(s) with which it is invoked in themodeless editor given in following parentheses. For example, the Time command is described asthe T (COM-T) command.Modal editor command invocationThe modal editor accepts keyboard input in two different modes, command mode and insertmode. At the beginning of a Laurel session, the editor is in command mode, i.e., any charactertyped will be interpreted as an editor command rather than as type-in. Three commands--A, I,and R--put the editor into insert mode. When in insert mode, a blinking caret appears, and alltype-in is treated as characters to be inserted into your message until an ESC or DEL character isstruck. At that time, insert mode is terminated and command mode is re-entered.It is possible in Laurel 6 to invoke screen commands, i.e., those invoked via screen menus and themouse, even when in insert mode. When the screen command has completed, you will find thecaret still blinking, and type-in will continue to be accepted.Modeless editor command invocationThe modeless editor uses more function keys than does the modal editor. These names of thesekeys and their positions on the Alto keyboards are given in the following table:Microswitch (Alto I)ADL (Alto II)Key name keyboard position keyboard position(s)DOESC keyESC keyCANCELTop right blankBW keyNEXTMiddle right blankFourth right blank key from the topCOMLower right blankLower left, upper right, and lower right blanksPASTELF keyLF keyDELDEL keyDEL keyYou may find it convenient to write the key names in pencil next to the corresponding keys onyour keyboard or to tape these key names onto these keys. If you have a BravoX keyboard, thesekeys are already labelled properly except for the PASTE key, which is labelled MOVE.яо$МпfЄpqpфXqоgпfсpоgп_rфоgпZЉpф§р+фЁр4оgпXїфПрKфРоgпVффпрFфроgпU*ф—рWфоgпS_фџрOф оgпQ”фЃ ф‚р\оgпOКфЊрFфЌоgпMяфqpоgпIssоgпFpфДр!фЕр6оgпD7фр,ф™р3оgпBlфҐр&ф¦р2qpqpоgп@ЎфћqpфџрEоgп>Чф—р&фр%qpqpоgп=фрPоgп9љфЂр+фЃр7оgп7Рф–рHф—оgп6фр?оgп1ysр"оgп.pф”рNф•оgп,<фрPоАп'°фЂо) ф оgп%ефЂоАо) фоgп"PqоАqpфЂо) qpфоgп †qоАpфЂо) qpфоgп»qоАpфЂо) фоgпрqоАpфЂо) фЛфМоgп&qоАqpфЂо) qpфоgп[qоАqpфЂо) qpфоgпПфљф›рVоgпфЃрAф‚оgп:фр#qр0pя gу<‡W94. The Laurel Editor41Since there is no special command mode in the modeless editor, a special way of typingcommand letters is necessary to distinguish commands from ordinary type-in. There is noproblem when using one of the special keys, e.g., DO, CANCEL, NEXT, PASTE, or DEL; these arealways interpreted as commands. For ordinary characters, this is accomplished with the COM key.The COM key (any one of the COM keys) is used like a SHIFT key--hold it down while you typethe specified command letter. When a character is "COM shifted", the modeless editorunderstands that this character is to be treated as a command rather than as type-in. COM keytype-ahead is not supported.In the modeless editor, there is always an insertion point represented by the blinking caret. Aftertyping in text but before making a new selection, there is no underlined (selected) text. In thiscase, the selection is considered to be the zero-length selection at the insertion point. Severalcommands, e.g., the bracket commands (section 4.4.16), that work on the selected text will operateon this null selection when no text is underlined.4.4.1. A (COM-A) Append textThe A (COM-A) command places the insertion point (blinking caret) after the selected text in themessage composition region.In the modal editor, this command puts the editor into insert mode. Until ESC or DEL is struck,characters will be inserted at the insertion point as described in section 4.2, Text Input. Also,before typing any characters you may make a secondary selection.In the modal editor, if the first character typed after the A command is ESC, then the previoustext insertion is copied to the insertion point; if the previous command was a deletion, then thatdeleted text is copied to the insertion point.In the modeless editor, the insertion point is merely moved to be after the selected text. Thiscommand is almost never needed in the modeless editor unless you want to insert after a final CR in amessage.4.4.2. B (COM-B) Placeholder bracketsThe matching black triangles that surround words in the skeleton forms provided by New form,etc., are called placeholder brackets, and the complete word including these triangles is called aplaceholder. The B (COM-B) command replaces the selected text with a copy of itself surroundedby these placeholder brackets.In the modeless editor, the insertion point is placed to the left of the right bracket thus inserted.If there is no underlined text, and the COM-B command is given, then the null text at theinsertion point is replaced by these placeholder brackets, the insertion point is between them, andsubsequent type-in fills in the placeholder.о$-пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_флрVоgп]Kфбр4фвр$оgп[ЂфҐр2qpqpqpqpф¦qp оgпY¶ф…ф†рFqpоgпWлфљqpqpqpф›р!оgпV!фр%ф qpоgпTVф©р3фЄр"qоgпRЇфоgпO`pф†р:ф‡р*оgпM•фњфќрYоgпKЛфґрZфµоgпJфѓрZф„оgпH6фр2оgпBIrtr оgп>Чpфњqpр4фќspоgп=фоgп9љф‘р!ф’р*qpqp оgп7Рфр"ф®р@оgп6фр@оgп2“ф¦ф§р!qpqpоgп0Иф”рXф• оgп.юфр.оgп+ЊфЄр>ф«spоgп)Бф—р6q фр%оgп(оgп"PrфtrtrоgпЮpфџф рArpоgпф©spр4фЄоgпIs pф—фqpрDоgп~фоgпф“ф”р"spр$оgпBфФр#фХqpр,оgпwф‡р:ф€р)оgпфр, lgf=‡WҐ4LAUREL MANUAL42The B (COM-B) command is implemented as a replacement of text. A subsequent ESC (DO) will not bracket newtext but will instead replace the selected text by the text inserted by the previous B (COM-B) command. This isalmost never what you want; use another B (COM-B) to repeat the command instead.4.4.3. D (DEL, COM-D) Delete textThe D (DEL, COM-D) command deletes the selected text from the message in the compositionregion. This text is not yet gone forever; it may be recovered with a U (CANCEL, COM-U)command, an I ESC or A ESC, or a (PASTE) command.In the modeless editor, this command is generally called the DEL command. COM-D is allowed to preserve thecommand spellings from the modal editor. See also the description of replace selection, section 4.2.12.In the modeless editor, a DEL command leaves the caret blinking at the spot from which theselected text was removed. Thus, to replace text, you may select the text to be replaced, typeDEL, and then type in the new text. The editor understands that if no target selection is madebetween the DEL command and subsequent type-in (including shifted selection), then the entiresequence is treated as one replacement for purposes of CANCEL or DO (see sections 4.4.12 and4.4.13).In the modeless editor, yet another method of deleting text is available, the CTRL-SHIFT tap. Youperform a CTRL-SHIFT tap by quickly depressing and releasing both the CTRL and SHIFT keystogether. The selected text is briefly video reversed, and then is deleted. A timeout (the Tap:parameter in the Laurel profile, section 5) is checked; if the CTRL-SHIFT copmbination is helddown longer than the timeout, then the CTRL-SHIFT has no effect. The CTRL-SHIFT tap is thus a"left hand delete" key for modeless editor users.4.4.4. E (COM-E) Select everythingThe E (COM-E) command merely selects the entire message in the composition region. Theselection is made at the character level.In the modeless editor, the selection is a replace selection.4.4.5. F (COM-F) FindThe F (COM-F) command initiates the Find screen command. This screen command, when visible,is located on the second line of the lower menu. F (COM-F) will always reset the lower menu sothat the Find command occupies that position. When the Find command is visible, it may also beinvoked with the mouse, in addition to this method of invoking it through the keyboard.яо$МпfЄpqpфXqоgпfсpоgп_9qф–ф—рCuqоgп]µф¦рVф§оgп\1фрPоgпVgrt r оgпRхpфВq pр'фГоgпQ+фХфЦр.qоgпO`pфqpqpqpоgпLqф«ф¬р\оgпJЌфрhоgпG?pфєqpр%ф»оgпEtф¬р6фр)оgпC©qpфўр\оgпAЯф¦qpф§рNоgп@ф®р&фЇqpqpоgп>Jоgп:Шф‡р;ф€q p оgп9 ф» q pр2qpфјqpоgп7BфЈр;ф¤р&оgп5xфґр(фµq pоgп3ф“ф”q pq p оgп1гфр1оgп+цrtrоgп(„pфФqpр-фХоgп&№фр)оgп#Gр=оgпZrtrоgпиpф…qpф†rpр4оgпф” ф•р(qpр$оgпSфЃrpр+rpф‚оgп€фкр&флр1я \gA<‡SК4. The Laurel Editor43When the Find command is invoked with RED, or via the F (COM-F) command, it blinks a caret inthe following {brackets}. A prompt will appear in the feedback region to remind you of thespecial characters that may be used in the pattern to be typed into these {brackets}. Once thepattern is typed into these {brackets} and is confirmed, the Find command will search for thatpattern in the text following the current selection (or insertion point in the modeless editor if notext is underlined). If a match is found, it is selected and the message is normalized so that thismatch is visible. In the modeless editor the selection is a replace selection.The ESC (DO) command (section 4.4.13) does not repeat a Find command. ESC (DO) alwaysrepeats the last text modification. To repeat the same Find command, point the cursor at Findand click BLUE. An equivalent of the Bravo Y(es) command is thus ESC (DO) followed by BLUEclick of Find. The ESC (DO) does the text replacement, and the BLUE click of Find does thesubsequent search.The patterns accepted by the Find command may be simple or somewhat complex. When the Find command isinitiated, a prompt appears in the feedback region giving an abbreviated list of the special characters available andtheir meanings. You may never need the more complex patterns, but a complete list follows.Simple character (other than the special characters listed below): Match that character in either upper or lower case.' (Single quote): Match the next character in the pattern exactly. Use the single quote to override the upper orlower case feature or to match a special character (including single quote!) All of the special characters areshifted keyboard top row characters (except {, }, and '). If you wish to match any such character it is agood idea to precede it with a single quote.#:Match any single character (as in the Alto Executive).*:Match any sequence of characters (including the trivial sequence of no characters, as in the Alto Executive).The phrase "any sequence" here and in the following means "the shortest such sequence of characters thatallows the rest of the pattern to match".@:Match any single alphanumeric character (letter or digit).&:Match any sequence of alphanumeric characters (including the trivial sequence of no characters).!:Match any single non-alphanumeric character (punctuation, blank, special characters, etc.).~:Match any sequence of non-alphanumeric characters (including the trivial sequence of no characters).{:Make the resulting selection start at this position, rather than at the start of the matched pattern. Thisspecial character is not used to match any characters in the text.}:Make the resulting selection end at this position, rather than at the end of the matched pattern. This specialcharacter is not used to match any characters in the text.яо$-пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_ф„rpqpqpф…оgп]Kфµ rprpр8ф¶ оgп[ЂфЈр8ф¤rprp оgпY¶фЁrprprpф©оgпWлф’ф“рGоgпV!ф‘р#ф’рAоgпTVфqр<оgпPдpфОqpsp rp фПqpоgпOфЁspф©rprоgпMOpф qpр4qpqоgпK„pф»rpфјqpр$qp rpоgпIєфоgпFkqф®фЇtqр6tq оgпDзфҐрTф¦р!оgпCcфр[оgп@7ф‘рwоgп=фҐр2ф¦р@о]п;€ф‹р2фЊр=о]п:ф›рbфњо]п8Ђфр,оgп5Uо]р6оgп2)о]фЊрCфЌр*о]п0Ґф•рhо]п/!фр)оgп+цо]р:оgп(Ко]р`оgп%џо]р[оgп"sо]фЭр&фЮр>оgпHо]фрPф®о]пДфрBоgп™о]фЂфЃрSо]пфр:6gт=‡O(LAUREL MANUAL44These last two special characters ({ and }) allow you to specify context in a Find command search. If you have everbeen bothered by issuing a search command in some editor, for say "and", only to have that editor grin back at youwith the last three letters of the word "command" selected, then search context is for you. An isolated word such as"and" is always surrounded by non-alphanumeric characters in text. Consider the pattern:!{and}!Each ! must match one non-alphanumeric character in the text. Thus the pattern !and! would match only an isolated"and" together with its surrounding characters. The curly braces are added to the pattern to limit the resultingselection to only the word "and". Note that if you wish to find only lower case "and" words, then you must precedeeach of the a, n, and d characters by a single quote as in:!{'a'n'd}!At most one pair of curly braces may be used in any pattern, and if both are used, then the left curly brace mustprecede the right curly brace.By combining curly braces and various special characters in a pattern, quite complicated and precise searches may bespecified. However, simple patterns involving no special characters should suffice for most applications of the Findcommand.4.4.6. G (COM-G) Get fileThe G (COM-G) command is used to replace the selected text with the contents of a specified file.This editor keyboard command differs from the Get screen command in that only the selectedtext is replaced, not the entire message.When you issue the G (COM-G) command, the Get screen command acquires a gray background,the File name {brackets} appear, and a blinking caret appears in those {brackets}. Unlike Laurel5.1, the brackets are not initialized with the selected text. At this point, you may fill in the name of the filewhose text will replace the selected text in the message in the composition region. When the{brackets} are filled in and confirmed, the replacement will take place. In the modeless editor, if notext is selected, then the file contents are merely inserted at the blinking caret.The same restrictions on length of file and text files only from the Get screen command apply tothe G (COM-G) command as well. See section 3.5.1.4.4.7. I (COM-I) Insert textThe I (COM-I) command places the insertion point (blinking caret) before the selected text in themessage composition region.In the modal editor, this command puts the editor into insert mode. Until ESC or DEL is struck,characters will be inserted at the insertion point as described in section 4.2, Text Input. Also,before typing any characters, secondary selection is available.яо$МпfЄpqpфXqоgпfсpоgп_9qфЉрAuqф‹tqр"оgп]µфЌрHфЋр*оgп\1ф‹р@фЊр5оgпZфрYо]пXUоgпUэф‰рfфЉоgпTyфёрgф№ оgпRхф…ф†рYоgпQqфр;о]пO оgпKофљрWф›оgпJjфоgпG?ф‘р%ф’рOоgпE»фўр\фЈtоgпD7qоgп>mrфtr оgп:ыpфЌqpр(фЋр,оgп90ф«р)ф¬rpр)оgп7fфр)оgп3фф–qpф—rpр+оgп2)фўsprprpфЈр/rprpqоgп0_фЃр=pф‚р5оgп.”ф±фІрBоgп,Йrprpф•р@qоgп+"фрSоgп'Уpф‹р;фЊ rpоgп& фqpр%оgп rtr оgпЄpфњqpр5spоgпЯфоgпmф‘р!ф’р*qpqp оgпЈфр"ф®р@оgпШфр?я Tg‘=‡Tz4. The Laurel Editor45In the modal editor, if the first character struck after the I command is ESC, then the previous textinsertion is copied to the insertion point, or if the previous command was a deletion, then thatdeleted text is copied to the insertion point.In the modeless editor, the insertion point is merely moved to be before the selected text.4.4.8. P (COM-P) Put fileThe P (COM-P) command is used to write the selected text onto a specified file. This editorkeyboard command differs from the Put screen command in that only the selected text is written,not the entire message.When you issue the P (COM-P) command, the Put screen command acquires a gray background,the File name {brackets} appear, and a blinking caret appears in those {brackets}. At this point,you may fill in the name of the file to be written with the selected text in the message in thecomposition region. When the {brackets} are filled in and confirmed, the writing will take place.A confirmation is necessary if the file already exists.As with the Put screen command, only text is written; for binary files see the Copy command,section 3.5.3.4.4.9. R (COM-R) Replace textThe R command in the modal editor is used to replace the selected text by type-in (includingshifted selection) or by secondary selection. The R command puts the modal editor into insertmode. See section 4.2, Text Input.In the modal editor, if the first character struck after the R command is ESC, then the last textinserted or the last text deleted if the last command was D is inserted to replace the selected text.The (COM-R) command in the modeless editor is provided primarily for compatibility with oldmodal habits. It is equivalent to the (DEL) command in that it deletes the selected text and blinksthe caret at the vacated point. With replace selection available in the modeless editor, the (COM-R) command is never needed.4.4.10. S (COM-S) SubstituteThe S (COM-S) command initiates the Substitute screen command. This screen command, whenvisible, is located on the second line of the lower menu. S (COM-S) will always reset the lowermenu so that the Substitute command occupies that position. When the Substitute command isяо$-пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_фЂр8фЃqpqpоgп]KфҐрFф¦оgп[Ђфр.оgпXфЮр+фЯspоgпR"rфtr оgпN°pфГqp фДрDоgпLеф‡р"rpф€оgпKфоgпGЁфўqp rpфЈоgпEЮфЌsprprpфЋр#rprpоgпDф©рXфЄоgпBIф€rprpр.ф‰оgп@Ўqфр7оgп=SpфЁrpр@rpоgп;€ф оgп5›rtrоgп2)pф°qpф±рOоgп0_ф§р3qpфЁр*оgп.”фр"оgп+"ф¦р=qpqpоgп)WфПqр$фР pр*оgп%ефµqpф¶р8оgп$ф„р'qpф…оgп"Pфђф‘рRqоgп †pфоgп™rtrоgп'pфЈqpr pф¤оgп\ф¦ф§р%qpоgп‘ф™r pфљр#r p ћgJ=‡TБLAUREL MANUAL46visible, it may also be invoked with the mouse, in addition to this method of invoking it throughthe keyboard. The second line of the lower menu will look like this:Substitute {new text} for {pattern to be replaced}Prior to invoking the Substitute command, you should select the range of text in whichsubstitution is to take place. When the Substitute command is invoked with RED, or via the S(COM-S) command, it blinks a caret in the following {brackets}. This should be filled in with theexact text to be written into the message. When this argument is filled in and confirmed, thecaret will blink in the for {brackets} and a prompt will appear in the feedback region to remindyou of the special characters that may be used in the pattern to be typed into these {brackets}.Once the pattern is typed into these {brackets} and is confirmed, the Substitute command willsearch for that pattern within the selected text of the message in the composition region. Eachsequence of text within the selection that matches the pattern given in the for {brackets} will bereplaced by the text in the initial {brackets}. After a pattern match is found and the selectedportion replaced by the text in the initial {brackets}, the search for the next match within the textproceeds with the first character following the text just matched. Thus, substitution within newlyreplaced text cannot occur in a single invocation of the Substitute command. The special characters and pattern specifications allowed in the for {brackets} of the Substitutecommand are the same as those allowed by the Find command (section 4.4.5).The results of the Substitute command are treated as if one large replacement of text over theinitial selection had occurred. Thus U (CANCEL) (section 4.4.12) works properly. The ESC (DO)command (section 4.4.13) will repeat this replacement on subsequently selected text. This isgenerally not what you want. To repeat the same Substitute command, select the text in whichyou want the Substitute command to operate, point the cursor at Substitute and click BLUE.Unlike Bravo, the Substitute command cannot be terminated by typing DEL. However, since thiscommand can be completely undone with U (CANCEL) after it has finished, the lack of apremature termination mechanism should not be a hardship.4.4.11. T (COM-T) Time insertionThe T (COM-T) command inserts a text representation of the current time into the message in thecomposition region. This representation is ( )as in 5 May 1981 3:23 pm PDT (Tuesday).This is the same format as the time inserted into the Date: field by Laurel during messagedelivery. (This representation is slightly different from that used in the time area at the upperright of the Laurel screen.)яо$МпfЄpqpфXqоgпfсpоgп_фЌр>фЋр#оgп]KфрEо]пZrprpsprprоgпW;pфщr pфъоgпUpфҐф¦r pqpqоgпS¦pфЊр-rprpфЌоgпQЫф«ф¬рNоgпPф“ф”sprprpр:оgпNFфћ фџрKrprpоgпL{ф©р%rprpфЄr pоgпJ±фЎ фўрVоgпHжф•р6ф–sprprpоgпGф«ф¬rprpр2оgпEQфѓр,rprpр/оgпC†фЌр]фЋоgпAјфр9r p оgп>Jф©р1фЄsprprpr оgп<pфр-rpоgп9 фЁr pф©рAоgп7BфҐр&q pф¦qоgп5xpфКр]оgп3фњр0фќr pр"оgп1гфЙр<фКr p qpоgп.qф‹r pр(qpфЊоgп,¦фк флq pр%оgп*Ыфр9оgп$оrtrоgп!}pф‘qpф’рRоgпІфр+оgпрJоgпuр'оgпЧфМр1фНр)оgпф¦р\ф§оgпBфgы=‡TM4. The Laurel Editor47In the modal editor, the time is inserted at the start of the current selection. In the modelesseditor, the time is inserted at the insertion point (blinking caret), and the insertion point is movedto just after the newly inserted time. If the selection is a replace selection, then the selection is replaced bythe time.Repeating this command with ESC (DO) will result in the same text, which may not be the mostcurrent time.4.4.12. U (CANCEL, COM-U) Undo or cancel last text modificationThe U (CANCEL) command is used to restore the text in the message composition region to thestate it had before the most recent text modification. It should be used when you detect anediting mistake that cannot be corrected simply by backspacing.U (CANCEL) will only go back one level, and its invocation becomes the next text modification. Asequence of invocations of U (CANCEL) will thus cycle between the state of just before the first U(CANCEL) in the sequence and the state as of before the text modification preceding the first U(CANCEL) in the sequence.U (CANCEL) in Laurel differs from the U(ndo) command in Bravo in that Laurel ignores any newselection position in performing this operation. The previous text modification is undone exactlyin the place where it was originally done. Thus, U (CANCEL) cannot be used to move text. Thereare several other ways to move text (modal D, select, I ESC, etc.; modeless CTRL-SHIFT-select; DEL,PASTE, etc.).In the modal editor, the last text modification is easily defined. It is the last deletion, the lastinsertion, or the last replacement.In the modeless editor, the last text modification is less easily defined, since there is no commandmode giving a convenient demarcation of the boundaries between text modifications. In general,any time a solid underline appears, a text modification boundary is created. It is not necessary topuzzle out exactly what text will be restored when you issue a (CANCEL) command; it nearlyalways does the right thing. When the (CANCEL) command errs, it generally does so on the sideof restoring more text than you might have expected. This is considered to be much less seriousthan restoring less than you expected.There are pathological situations when CANCEL may remove as much as it restores. The sequence CANCEL, PASTEwill place all the restorable text that Laurel has remembered onto the screen, from which point you may edit the textas you wish.Note that newly typed-in text erased by backspacing (with BS, CTRL-A or CTRL-W (COM-BS)) is notrestorable via U (CANCEL). However, in the modeless editor, text deleted by backspacing before the originalinsertion point of a text modification is restorable by CANCEL.яо$-пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_ф¬рXфоgп]Kф„рIф…оgп[Ђф–р(qр-ф—оgпYЩфоgпVЉpфњqpр,фќоgпTАфоgпNУrtrр(оgпKapфҐqф¦pрMоgпI–ф»рAфјоgпGМфр?оgпDZqф„ pф…рWоgпBЏфђq pръpфоgп;€qф‹ pрJфЊоgп9ЅфђрCф‘оgп7уф…р2qф†pр$оgп6(ф…р+qp qpф†q pqpоgп4^qpфоgп0мф§фЁрMоgп/!фр#оgп+Їф‡ф€рIоgп)дфЏр6фђр)оgп(ф…р%ф†р?оgп&Oфїр-фАqpоgп$…ф•р'qpр/оgп"єфЋфЏрAоgп пфр&оgпЎqфЂфЃрVоgпф‰рSфЉр"оgп™фоgпJpфЏр9фђqpоgпф¬q pфqрPоgпШфр?я ¦gµ<‡TV"LAUREL MANUAL484.4.13. ESC (DO) Repeat last text modificationThe last text modification is either an insert, an append, a replace, or a delete. The ESC (DO)command repeats this text modification in the position given by the current selection. The DO keyis the same as the ESC key.In the modal editor, an insert is repeated by inserting the same text before the current selection;an append is repeated by appending the same text after the current selection; a replace isrepeated by replacing the current selection by the same text inserted previously; and a delete isrepeated by deleting the current selection.In the modeless editor, a deletion followed immediately by an insertion with no target selection inbetween those two actions is treated as a replacement. This includes deletion due to replace selection. Asubsequent DO command will replace the selected text. Text input that follows a non-replacetarget selection is always treated as an insertion. A subsequent DO command will insert the sametext at the blinking caret. A DO command following a simple deletion (with DEL or CTRL-select)will delete the selected text. In the modeless editor, the DO command is ignored if no solid underline exists. This prevents anannoying behavior that might occur when the DO key is pressed inadvertently at the end of atype-in sequence. Since modal editor habits die hard, when you switch to the modeless editor,you may find yourself typing these spurious DO's quite a bit. Laurel will merely ignore them.However, when the mouse is used to place a new selection on the screen, even if the insertionpoint does not move, then a subsequent DO will take effect.4.4.14. (NEXT) Select next placeholderThe NEXT command is available in the modeless editor only. It searches forward in the text fromthe current selection (or insertion point if there is no selection) for the next placeholder (textsurrounded by matching triangles). This next placeholder, if found, is selected with replaceselection.The NEXT command gives a very convenient means for filling out new forms, etc. When youhave finished replacing the first placeholder in a form (selected for you by the form initializingcommand), press NEXT and continue typing the replacement for the next placeholder.SHIFT-NEXT behaves just like the NEXT command, except that it searches backwards in themessage for the previous placeholder. Type-ahead of SHIFT-NEXT is not supported.4.4.15. (PASTE) Insert previous deletionThe PASTE command is only available in the modeless editor. (The PASTE key is the same as theLF key.) When invoked, PASTE inserts at the current insertion point the text deleted by theprevious text modification. This allows one to move text by selecting it, typing DEL, selecting thenew position, and typing PASTE. Repeated PASTE commands are possible; just re-select and typePASTE.яо$МпfЄpqpфXqоgпfсpоgп_rфtrоgп[¤pфрRф®qоgпYЩpф€ф‰рDq оgпXфоgпTќpф’ф“рLоgпRТфЬр:фЭоgпQф рUфЎоgпO=фр+оgпKЛф‚рVфѓоgпJф‰фЉр+qр/pоgпH6ф· qpфёр6оgпFkфЉр%ф‹qpоgпD ф‘ф’qpр+qpqpоgпBЦфоgп?dф‡qpф€рCоgп=™ф±фІqpр-оgп;Пф¤р%фҐр9оgп:фЄр,qpф«р!оgп89фҐф¦рLоgп6oфр'qpоgп0‚rtrоgп-pф„qpр3ф…р%оgп+Eф№рPфєоgп){фСр:фТр#оgп'° оgп$>фqpф®р;оgп"sфЎр-фўр5оgп ©фqpр>оgп7q pфгqpр2оgпlфр'qр*оgпrtrоgп pф‹qpфЊqpоgпCqpфВфГqpр?оgпxф€рQф‰qpоgп®ф“qpqpф”р&оgп гqp0g њ=‡]oA4. The Laurel Editor49If this method of moving text raises too much anxiety due to the text disappearing during thissequence of commands, then you may wish to use move selection, section 4.2.For abstruse, yet logical, reasons, a CANCEL given after a PASTE usually results in no change inyour text. This is not a disaster; if you wish to remove the text thus pasted, select it and typeDEL.4.4.16. ', ", <, (, [, {, - (COM-', COM-", etc.) Bracket commandsThese commands surround the selection with the particular matching pair of symbols suggestedby the character typed. For example, [ (COM-[) surrounds the selected text with matching squarebrackets. The hyphen - (COM--) command is specialit surrounds the selected text with shortlines of several hyphens, similar to the way that the Forward command sets off different sectionsof text.In the modeless editor, the insertion point is placed to the left of the right bracket thus inserted.If there is no underlined text, and one of these bracket commands is given, then the null text atthe insertion point is replaced by the appropriate brackets, the insertion point is between them,and subsequent type-in goes between the bracketing symbols.These commands are implemented as replacement of text. A subsequent ESC (DO) will not bracket new text but willinstead replace the selected text by the text inserted by the previous bracket command. This is almost never what iswanted; use another bracket command instead.4.4.17. 0, 1, ... 9 (COM-0, COM-1, ... COM-9) Shortcut screen rearrangementThese commands 0 (COM-0) through 9 (COM-9) were included in Laurel due to a request by a wellrespected but particularly indolent Laurel user who found the boundary movement boxes on theLaurel screen too bothersome. These commands rearrange the regions on the Laurel screen tovarious pre-set positions by typing one keyboard command.By default, 0 (COM-0) resets the screen to roughly the same positions as Laurel uses at start-up, 1(COM-1) sets the screen so that the table-of-contents region is as large as possible, 2 (COM-2) setsthe screen so that the message display region is as large as possible, and 3 (COM-3) sets the screenso that the message composition region is as large as possible. Also by default, 4 (COM-4) through9 (COM-9) are the same as 0 (COM-0).The screen arrangements selected by each of these commands may be tailored to your needs byentries in the Laurel profile. See section 5 for more details.о$-пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_фЁрYф©оgп]KфрKоgпYЩфЈф¤qpqpоgпXфўрbоgпVDqpоgпPWrфtrtrtrtrtrtrtrоgпLеpф§рGфЁоgпKф–ф— qpр1оgпIPф¶qp ф·р2оgпG…фђрXф‘оgпE»фоgпBIф“ф”р"spр$оgп@~ф•рaоgп>іфЈф¤рKоgп<йфр;оgп9љqф…рSuqф†оgп8фЏрgфђ оgп6’фр,оgп0Иrtrtrtrtrоgп-Vpф‹qpqpфЊр.оgп+Њф•рFф–оgп)БфЁр-ф©р.оgп'чфр9оgп$…ф•qp ф–рBqоgп"єpфЈр8ф¤qpоgп пфЌрJфЋqpоgп%ф‡р?ф€qpоgпZqфpqpоgпиф›фњр;оgпфр? ўgЧ=‡P4LAUREL MANUAL50 о$МпfЄpqpфXqоgпfсpоgп_фяg^П ј <5. The Laurel profile515. The Laurel profile5.1. The Laurel profile fileLaurel obtains certain configuration information and options from your Laurel profile, containedin the file Laurel.Profile (or in User.cm) on your Alto disk. A standard Laurel profile is installedwhen you obtain Laurel using the LaurelNewUser.cm command file (section 1.3). The only thingin the Laurel profile you are likely to want to change immediately is the name of your printingserver. For completeness, however, nearly all possible options are documented here. The onlymandatory field in the profile is "Registry" (see below).If there is no Laurel.profile file on your Alto disk, then Laurel will look in your User.cm file fora subsection beginning with [Laurel]. All options listed below may be listed in this subsection ofUser.cm if you prefer. In addition, if the normal profile options are read from User.cm, thenLaurel will use the printer name listed in the [Hardcopy] subsection of User.cm in the Press:PrinterName entry for your default print server name and the name listed in the PrintedBy: Nameentry of that subsection as the name to appear on your hardcopy output. As the Laurel profilemay be contained in either Laurel.profile or in User.cm, this manual refers merely to the Laurelprofile, letting you decide which actual file it is in.Laurel configures itself automatically according to the Laurel profile when Laurel starts up, if it perceives that therehave been changes in your Laurel profile or in several other files, e.g., Fonts.widths. No explicit installation is everrequired. If you have edited your Laurel profile using Laurel, you must Quit and restart Laurel before the changeswill take effect. During startup, if Laurel does reconfigures itself, it will display a "coffee cup" cursor, indicating thatstartup may take slightly longer than usual.The Laurel profile is a text file containing a sequence of parameter lines, each of which has thefollowing form:name: value CRAll lines in the profile must adhere to this format.The name must start with the first character on a line, and is terminated by the first colon. Donot precede the colon by blanks; otherwise the name will not be recognized. The value may bepreceded by any number of blanks and begins at the first non-blank character. Subsequentcharacters may be blank and are included in the value. The value is terminated by the CR at theend of the parameter line.A typical Laurel profile for use at PARC might be as follows:Registry: PAPrinter: CloverThis example leaves out many possible parameter lines. Parameters that are missing from theLaurel profile are given default values by Laurel. Parameter names may be spelled in anycombination of upper and lower case letters.яо$пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп^ПqфоgпZCrоgпU·pфњрFфќs p оgпSмф‡р[ф€ оgпR"ф…рWф†оgпPWф›р'фњр8оgпNЊфЈф¤рVоgпLВфр9оgпIPфЋрSфЏоgпG…фЌрFфЋоgпE»фф®рGоgпCрф»рDфјоgпB%s pфЂрOфЃsоgп@[pф›р$фњр:оgп>ђф–р)ф—р1sоgп<Жpфр0оgп:Ktф›рrфњоgп8Жф—р[фоgп7Bф•рIutф–оgп5ѕф‰р>фЉр?оgп4:фр,оgп0мpфќр;spфћоgп/!фо]п,ѓspsptоgп)дpр4оgп&sфsp ф™рNоgп$Ёфф™spspоgп"ЭфКр2фЛр'оgп!фЌр0spspфЋtpоgпHфоgпЦр=о]пdо]пљоgп(фІфірEоgп]фСр=фТоgп’фр, АgK<‡XАLAUREL MANUAL525.2. Profile entriesRegistry: RegistryNameThe name of the registry in which you are a registered mail system user. This field isrequired in your profile; it cannot be defaulted. This is the only required profile field.The following Laurel profile parameters are listed in alphabetical order.Background: colorControls the video presentation. color may be either the word black (white letters onblack background) or the word white (black letters on white background).(Default: white)BluePendingDelete: TrueOrFalse(Meaningful only if Editor: Modeless is also present in the Laurel profile.) If the value isTRUE, then when making text selection extensions with the BLUE mouse button, theresulting selection becomes a replace selection (section 4.2.12). If enabled, a simple wayto select an item with replace selection is to select it with RED or YELLOW, thenimmediately re-select it with BLUE.(Default: FALSE)Boundary: BoundaryCommandNumber, TocLines, DMLines, CMLinesThe Boundary entries specify how the Laurel screen is to be configured when the 0, 1, 2,... , 9 (COM-0, COM-1, COM-2, ... COM-9) commands are given (see section 4.4.17). The fourparts of the value (all numbers) are separated by commas, and all parts must be present.The BoundaryCommandNumber must be in the range from 0 through 9, and it identifiesfor which boundary adjustment command the following numbers apply. The TocLines,DMLines, CMLines numbers specify the relative sizes for the table-of-contents region, themessage display region and the message composition region respectively. Examples:Boundary: 5, 1, 1, 1Boundary: 6, 1, 2, 3(Defaults:Boundary: 0, 12, 19, 16Boundary: 1, 1, 0, 0Boundary: 2, 0, 1, 0Boundary: 3, 0, 0, 1all others (Boundary 4 through 9) same as Boundary 0)яо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_rфоgпZЉp sо]пWлpф¦р;ф§о]пV!spфифйр&tр*оgпRЇpфрIоgпO=sо]пLћpфґфµspр/о]пJФфрHо]пH6оgпDДs о]пB%pфѓрLф„spо]п@[фЕфЖр$tpо]п>ђф—р%фр6о]п<Жфор=фпtptpо]п:ыфtpо]п8]оgп4л sр1о]п2Lpф“р8ф”tо]п0‚ф“р(pф”р&о]п.·spф•рFо]п,ф—spр+ф о]п*Nф¤фҐр+sо]п(„ф…psp ф†о]п&№фЬрHфЭ оSп$фоSп"Pо]пІ о]пзо]по]пRо]п‡о]пЅр5мgv7‘Q•й5. The Laurel profile53BracketDelay: MillisecondsThis entry, along with BracketTimeOut:, controls the speed at which {brackets}arguments cycle through filenames when the RED mouse button is held down over theassociated screen command (see section 2.1.3). The value is the number of millisecondsthat Laurel will pause between finishing displaying one filename in {brackets} tobeginning to search for the next filename.(Default: 750)BracketTimeOut: MillisecondsThis entry, along with BracketDelay:, controls the speed at which {brackets} argumentscycle through filenames when the RED mouse button is held down over the associatedscreen command (see section 2.1.3). The value is the number of milliseconds that Laurelwill wait from the time that RED is held down until beginning to search for the firstfilename. If the value is 0, then the bracket filename search feature is disabled.(Default: 750)Click: MillisecondsThis entry is the timeout that Laurel uses to determine whether a mouse click has beenperformed soon enough after the previous mouse click to be considered a multiple clickfor the purposes of selection expansion (see section 4.2.9). The value is a numberexpressed in milliseconds. If the value is 0, then the multiple click selection expansionfeature is disabled.(Default: 390)Comment: text orC: textThe text is ignored by Laurel. Comment lines are merely explanatory text for the user.Copies: NumberThis entry specifies the default number of copies to be printed by the Hardcopycommand (see section 3.3.3). This default may be overridden by explicit use of theCopies command in the hardcopy submenu. The value must be a number in the range 1through 99.(Default: 1)CopiesField: cFor those people who prefer to send messages with a c: header field rather than a cc:header field, this entry may be used. If the value is the letter c, then a c: field isprovided in all default message forms. Any other value results in a cc: field provided inthe default forms. Caution: Arpanet message systems in general do not support the useof a c: field.(Default: cc)о$пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_ф sо]п\wpф$р'ф%rprо]пZpфр*ф®tpр#о]пXвфћр4spфџо]пWфрDrprpо]пUMфр*о]пRЇ оgпO=sо]пLћpф¦ ф§р7rprp о]пJФфІфіtpр.о]пI фЋр)spфЏр#о]пG?фјtpфЅр-о]пEtфцspр<о]пBЦф оgп?dsо]п<Жpфњ фќрLо]п:ыфљф›рAо]п90фЬфЭр;spо]п7fф§р#sp фЁр'о]п5›фо]п2э оgп/‹spоgп-Аsо]п+"pф™spфљрLоgп'°фsо]п%pфч фшр=rо]п#GpфЙр<фКо]п!}rpфЉр'spф‹о]пІф о]поgпўsо]пpф«рJф¬ о]п9фЙр.spфКр$о]пnф‘р2spф’о]п¤ф™рBфљо]пЩф о]п ;gф7‘[$LAUREL MANUAL54DefaultHardcopyForm: HardcopyFormNameThis entry specifies the default hardcopy form on which messages are printed by theHardcopy command (see section 3.3.2). This default may be overridden by explicit use ofthe Form command in the hardcopy submenu. Caution: do not use this entry with avalue of InternalMemo unless you have a valid reason for doing so (see section 6,Hardcopy forms).(Default: Blank)DisplayAfterDelete: TrueOrFalseIf the value is TRUE or YES, then whenever the Delete or Move to commands areinvoked, the next message in the mail file will be displayed in the message display regionas long as:a) Only one message is deleted or moved,b) That message is the one currently displayed,c) A subsequent message exists in the mail file, andd) That subsequent message is marked with a "?".This option can make processing newly arrived mail a bit easier.(Default: FALSE)Editor: ModeIf the value is the word Modeless, then the modeless editor is used rather than the modaleditor.(Default: Modal)ErrorKeys: LaurelXIf the value is the word LaurelX, then some feedback region prompts are phrased slightlydifferently (in the LaurelX style). These prompts also name the modeless editor keynames, i.e., DO rather than ESC, etc.(Default: Normal)Font: Number FamilyName PointSize FaceFont entries define the specific printer fonts to be used when hardcopying messages.The four parts of the value of a Font: entry are separated by spaces. The Number mustbe present and must be in the range from 0 through 9. This Number identifies the fontas referenced in hardcopy forms (see Appendix C). The FamilyName and PointSize mustbe present; the Face is optional. If the Face is missing, then regular is assumed.Examples:Font: 5 TimesRoman 14 BIFont: 9 HyType 11Font: 7 Helvetica 36 BThe standard InternalMemo form built into Laurel uses Font 1 for header field names,Font 2 for the herald line, Font 3 for the company logo, and Font 0 for everything else(including the text).яо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_фsо]п\wpфВр)фГр*о]пZrpфЃф‚рCо]пXвфіrpрHо]пWspфЯрIфао]пUMsф pо]пRЇоgпO=s о]пLћpфСtprpфТrpо]пJФф‡ф€р:о]пI ф о]пG?р(о]пEtр/о]пC©р4о]пAЯр0о]п?Aр@о]п<ўоgп90sо]п6’pф…р;ф†о]п4Зо]п2)фоgп.· sо]п,pф…р!ф†р7о]п*NфВр#фГр1о]п(„фtptpо]п%еоgп"ssо]пХpфЙфКр=о]пф”spр0spо]п@ф•рђ sо]п;тpф’р)ф“р/о]п:'ф№р%rpфєsо]п8]pф‚р#фѓр5о]п6’фр;ф™о]п4Зфр(оgп1Us о]п.·pф‘tpр.ф’tpо]п,нфђр1ф‘р(о]п+"tpфѓф„р?о]п)WspфЂфЃtptpр)о]п'Ќо]п$офоgп!}sо]пЮpфЧр0фШр"о]п@фµspрFф¶о]пuфр$о]пЧ€gђ7‘P{ЯLAUREL MANUAL56NewFormAfterDelivery: TrueOrFalseIf the value is TRUE or YES, then whenever the Deliver command completes successfully,the text in the message composition region is replaced by a new skeleton form just as ifthe New form command had been invoked. U (CANCEL) will undo this replacement ifyou wish to retain the delivered text. This option has been found useful by users whosometimes forget whether the text in the composition region has been sent.(Default: FALSE)PrintedBy: nameA line of text that will be printed on hardcopy break pages to identify the person makingthe hardcopy. Any $ characters will be expanded to your logged-in name at the time yougenerate the hardcopy.(Default: $)Printer: PrinterNameThe default name or network address of the hardcopy server machine to which allhardcopies will be sent. This PrinterName can be overriden using the Printer comand inthe hardcopy submenu.(Default: an illegal server name)Private: YesOrNoThis entry specifies the default of the Private option used by the Hardcopy command (seesection 3.3.5). This default may be overridden by explicit use of the Private command inthe hardcopy submenu. The value may be either Yes or TRUE to set this parameter toYes. All other values are equivalent to No. Caution: printing with Private set to Yesinvolves complicated interaction at the printing server. Don't use this option unless youhave a valid reason for doing so and you understand how to operate the print server inpassword protected mode.(Default: No)Retrieve: HostNameThis entry is ignored if your registry is implemented by Grapevine servers. Unless yourlocal network maintainer informs you otherwise, do not use this entry.If you are in an MTP registry and your mailbox is located on a server other than thedefault server for that registry, then use this entry to specify the name or network addressof that server. (The default server for such registries has the registry name as a synonymfor its more widely used name.)(Default: determined by your registry)яо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_фs о]п\wpф‡ф€tprpо]пZф—фрPо]пXвф’rpф“р8о]пWфўр<фЈо]пUMфрJо]пRЇоgпO= sо]пLћpф…р5ф†р$о]пJФф‚фѓр8о]пI фо]пFkоgпBщs о]п@[pфЮр&фЯр)о]п>ђфЌs prpфЋо]п<Жфо]п:'р!оgп6µsо]п4pфЂфЃrprpо]п2Lф‡рGrpф€ о]п0‚ф—spфо]п.·фЄspр*ф«rp о]п,нфрCф™о]п+"ф›р7фњо]п)Wфо]п&№оgп#G sо]п ©pф•р8ф–о]пЮфрFо]п@ф®рPфЇо]пuф„р\о]п«фЉрIф‹о]пафо]пBр&рgы7‘Tю5. The Laurel profile57RunPath: FilePrefixThe string given as the value will be used as a prefix for a remote file when the Runcommand as asked to run a program that is not on your local disk (see section 3.6). Thisentry should be filled in with the server and directory prefix that you normally use toretrieve Laurel software, e.g., for PARC this would beRunPath: [Ivy](Default: a null prefix)ScrollDelay: MillisecondsThis entry, along with ScrollTimeOut:, controls the speed at which lines are scrolled upor down when the RED or BLUE mouse button is held down in the scroll bar (see section2.2.1). The value is the number of milliseconds that Laurel will pause between successivesingle line scroll actions. Note: there is a threshold below which lower values for thisparameter have no effect, as you reach the maximum speed your hardware and softwarecan handle.(Default: 200)ScrollTimeOut: Milliseconds (threshold)This entry sets the amount of time that the RED or BLUE mouse button must be helddown in the scroll bar before continuous scrolling occurs (see section 2.2.1). The value isthe number of milliseconds that Laurel will wait from the time that RED or BLUE is helddown until beginning to scroll continuously. If the value is 0, then the continuousscrolling feature is disabled. Note: this parameter should be chosen with care--highenough to avoid entering continuous scroll mode too quickly, but low enough to keepfrom having an excessive delay when you want continuous scrolling. Our testing hasshown that users have a very wide range of preferences for this setting. The default hasbeen deliberately chosen to be on the slow side of this range.(Default: 1000)Send: HostnameThis entry is ignored if you are using Grapevine mail sending protocols. Unless yourlocal network maintainer informs you otherwise, do not use this entry.The Hostname is the name or network address of the MTP maildrop server machine towhich you will send all outgoing mail. Any mail system server can be used for sendingmail by any user. Network address constants of the form number#number# must be used at siteswhere there is no gateway providing name lookup services.(Default: determined by your registry)о$пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_фs о]п\wpфЇspф°rо]пZpф… ф†рOо]пXвфф®рAо]пWфр6оSпTyо]пQЫоgпNisо]пKЛpфџ ф рMо]пJфЌtptpр9о]пH6ф‡spр*ф€о]пFkфЇрJsp о]пD ф—р*фр)о]пBЦф о]п@7 оgп<Жspо]п:'фІфіtptpо]п8]фЉрTspо]п6’фђрCф‘tptpо]п4ЗфЦр0фЧspо]п2эфТр%фУр0о]п12ф±р#фІр0о]п/hфѕр,фїр'о]п-ќф“рIф”о]п+Тфр>о]п)4оgп%Вsо]п#$pфІр0фір%о]п!YфрFо]п»ф spфЎр.о]прфрVо]п&фґ фµtр(vtvtо]п[фр9о]пЅpр&я¤gv7‘Q•LAUREL MANUAL58SendMode: SendModeDo not use this entry unless specifically instructed to do so by your local networkadministrator. In almost all cases, Laurel will figure out the correct value for thisparameter automatically.The only legal values are: Auto, MTP, or GV. This entry, if MTP or GV, will forceLaurel to use that protocol when delivering messages. If the value is Auto, then Laurelwill use its own algorithm to figure out the correct protocol to use.(Default: Auto)SubjectField: ScreenPointsThe left edge of the first line of the Subject: field display in the table-of-contents regionmay be set by using this entry. The value is a number in units of Alto resolution screendots from the left margin of the Laurel screen. See also the FromField: andSubjectFieldExtension: profile entries. Note: the fixed right edge of the Subject: field is480.(Default: 260).SubjectFieldExtension: ScreenPointsThe left edge of the second and third lines of the Subject: field display in the table-of-contents region may be set by using this entry. The value is a number in units of Altoresolution screen dots from the left margin of the Laurel screen. See also the FromField:and SubjectField: profile entries. Note: the fixed right edge of the Subject: field is 480.(Default: 275).Tap: MillisecondsThis entry is the timeout that Laurel uses to determine whether a CTRL-SHIFT tap hasbeen performed fast enough to be considered a DEL command (see section 4.4.4, D (DEL,COM-D)). The value is a number expressed in milliseconds. If the value is 0, then theCTRL-SHIFT tap feature is disabled.(Default: 390)TwoSided: YesOrNoThis entry specifies the default of the Two sided option used by the Hardcopy command(see section 3.3.4). This default may be overridden by explicit use of the Two sidedcommand in the hardcopy submenu. The value may be either Yes or TRUE to set thisparameter to Yes. All other values are equivalent to No.(Default: No)о$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_ф sо]п\wpфЭр4фЮо]пZфЯрGфао]пXвфо]пVDфІрRо]пTyфљрQф›о]пRЇфрEо]пPоgпLћ sо]пJpф’ф“рCо]пH6фЌр?фЋо]пFkффр?о]пD ф‘рFф’о]пBЦо]п@7фоgп<Жsо]п:'pфћфџрJо]п8]фљр#ф›р4о]п6’фѓрAф„о]п4Зф“рEф”о]п2)фоgп.·sо]п,pфµрBt pф¶о]п*Nф‘р+ф’tptо]п(„pф§spфЁр0spо]п&№t pфо]п$ оgп © sо]пpф’р(rprpф“о]п@фБрLrо]пupф™р&spфљо]п«фspо]пgЕ7‘RFч5. The Laurel profile595.3. Profile errorsAs you can see, the Laurel profile can be simple or as complicated as you want. There areseveral possibilities for error, so Laurel has a mechanism for reporting these errors to you.Should Laurel detect an error in your Laurel profile, it will ignore any command line switches,and instead will read a mail file named InstallErrors.mail in which Laurel has placed descriptionsof all profile errors that it detected. Most error messages are simple to understand, and thecorrections necessary should be straightforward. Error messages referring to user defined hardcopy formsfall significantly short of this standard.Even if you have installation errors, Laurel will still operate. You should read through themessage displayed, use the Get command to read your Laurel profile, make the appropriatechanges, and use the Put command to rewrite that file. At this point, you should use the Quitcommand to return to the Alto Executive, and then restart Laurel.Although Laurel continues to operate, when profile errors are detected, several of the entries maynot take effect. This is particularly noticeable when the Editor: modeless entry is not accepted byLaurel, and you find yourself having to edit the profile in a modal manner.You may notice that the one message in the InstallErrors.mail file is marked for deletion. Whenyou Quit from Laurel, that file will be deleted, as is any mail file in which all messages aremarked for deletion.о$пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_rфоgпZЉpфЅфѕрGоgпXїфЫр*фЬр3оgпVффЈрPф¤оgпU*фЌрUфЋоgпS_фБр(фВр6оgпQ”фЈф¤tр7оgпOнфр*оgпLћpфНр]оgпJФфПrpфРр:оgпI фџrpр9ф rоgпG?pфрAоgпCНф€рOф‰оgпBфѓф„рKоgп@7фрKоgп<ЖфЋфЏрIоgп:ыфЅrpрRфѕоgп90фяКg8й=‡/"љLAUREL MANUAL60 о$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_фяg^П ј <6. Message System Mores616. Message System MoresThe great art of living easy and happy in society is to study proper behaviour, and even with ourmost intimate friends to observe politeness; otherwise we will insensibly treat each other with adegree of rudeness, and each will find himself despised in some measure by the other. --BOSWELL, London Journal (Dec.1, 1762)What is this?This section is an essay on manners, that is, message system manners. Laurel in its variousreleases has been in use for over three years at the time of this writing. In this time manypatterns of message system user behavior have been discovered, and doubtless many more suchpatterns will be discovered in the future. This section gathers together several observations ofLaurel user behavior in an effort to spread understanding of this new electronic message mediumand to instruct users in proper behavior.The contents of this section may be divided into roughly two kinds, objective observations ofmessage system social phenomena and definitely biased suggestions of standards. The opinionsexpressed herein are solely those of the author. These opinions are not based on scientific studiesor samples, but rather on certain gut feelings that have evolved through a close association withLaurel since its inception. I expect that several of the opinions set down here will receivevigorous debate, but so much the better to spread the word.A brief outline of this section follows.Communication patternsA brief discussion of structures within whichcommunication takes place.The wrong numberWhat to do when you receive a message intended forsomeone else.Rudeness and vulgarityWhy it appears in electronic mail.Message system costsHow the way we pay for communication affects whatwe say.Unsolicited mailWhat it is and when it is or isn't appropriate.The chain reactionA description of a phenomenon peculiar to electronicmail. The Reply-To feature and how it helps.Miscellaneous distribution list peccadillosDistribution list etiquette.Off-the-record responsesWhen and when not to publish.Hardcopy formsHow to permanently engrave messages properly.MasqueradingAnonymous (or worse) messages.Wizards vs. naive usersHow to keep arcana to yourself.The moral of this taleBe considerate of others.яо"¬пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп^ПqфоnпZfrф†рDф‡оnпXвфњрIфќоnпW^фифйрLо,ЖпUфРфСр(оgпPћsфоgпM,pфЖр<фЗоgпKaфїр<фАр!оgпI–фЈф¤р<оgпGМф±рIфІоgпFфЉр!ф‹р>оgпD7фр)оgп@Ефєр#ф»р:оgп>ъфЁрOф© оgп=/фѓрdоgп;eфњр.фќр3оgп9љфТрUфУоgп7Рфр;оgп4^р(оgп0мфЂо' фxфyр&о' п/!фоgп-3фЂо' фЏ фђр#о' п+iфоgп){фЂо' фоgп'ЌфЂо' ф’ф“о' п%Вфоgп#ФфЂо' фр+оgп!жфЂо' ф“р3о' п фр-оgп.фЂр+о' фоgп@фЂо' фоgпRфЂ о' фр*оgпdо' оgпvфЂо' фоgп€фЂо' фдgA<‡SКLAUREL MANUAL62Communication patternsPart of the evolution of a society is the structure within which its members communicate. Face-to-face communication, both spoken and through gestures, has been with us for a very long time.Written communication and telephone communication have been employed for a substantiallylesser amount of time. Nevertheless, these modes of communication have been around longenough to have developed certain standards of conduct and a framework in which reasonablecommunication can take place.The electronic message medium has been available for a much shorter period of time, perhapstwenty or so years. I am purposely ignoring telegraphic communication, which has very different characteristicsdue to its long delays and high cost. Electronic message systems available on personal computers havebeen available for even less time, certainly less than ten years. In this time, standards ofelectronic communication have not yet had time to mature, so we are still groping toward aworkable electronic messaging society.In any of the mature communication media, each society places limits on what is consideredacceptable behavior. Vulgar language or gestures are generally frowned upon in face-to-facecommunication, except in smaller sub-societies in which this mode of behavior is necessary to bepart of the group. Shouting at close range is similarly considered to be in bad taste. Methods ofdealing with such behavior in face-to-face communication run from mild rejection of the speakerto complete avoidance of that speaker in the future. As the number of human societies is large,and each has had much experience with this means of communication, the means employed fordealing with such situations are quite varied. Within each group, however, the methods used canbe quite effective in stifling unwanted behaviors.I will try to list several kinds of situations that arise in the electronic message medium and meansfor dealing with them. Where possible, I will try to draw parallels to other more traditionalmodes of communication to illustrate acceptable manners. In addition, I will try to point out theways in which communicating via electronic mail is different from the traditional communicationmedia, and how this modifies the problems to be dealt with.The wrong numberWe all have dialed wrong numbers and received calls from people who have dialed wrongnumbers. The protocol for handling such situations is simple, and arises naturally as a result ofthe way in which standard phone calls are initiated. A typical wrong number dialog may be asfollows:Callee:Hello.Caller:Hello. May I speak to John?Callee:There is no one at this number by that name. I believe you have the wrongnumber.Caller:Oh. Isn't this 555-1234?Callee:No it isn't. (And sometimes ... ) This is 555-4321!Caller:Thank you. I'm sorry to have bothered you.о$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_sфоgп[¤pф“р)ф”р7оgпYЩф‹р_оgпXфВрJфГ оgпVDфИфЙрAоgпTyф»р9фјоgпRЇфоgпO=ф«р&ф¬р5оgпMrфЎфўtр[оgпKЁфђр%pф‘р5оgпIЭфЮр:фЯр#оgпHфЗрXфИоgпFHфр&оgпBЦфДрZоgпAфМр\оgп?Aф‘р.ф’р2оgп=vф‡ф€рQоgп;«ф‘ф’рSоgп9бф”р4ф•р,оgп8фџрUф оgп6Kф‰р/фЉр1оgп4Ѓфр2оgп1ф‡р.ф€р6оgп/DфѕрMфїоgп-zф‹рQфЊоgп+Їф“рQф” оgп)дфр;оgп%Xsоgп!жpфЩрCфЪоgп ф™р#фљр?оgпQфњфќрVоgп‡о]поо]пJофо]поф—фрBопµо]пкофо]п ор4о]пUор+я:g=‡Yэ%6. Message System Mores63In postal communication, receiving misaddressed mail or mail for a former resident who hasmoved is akin to the telephone's wrong number. The post office's suggested remedy is for therecipient to line out the address and remail the letter. The post office will then attempt toforward the letter to the correct address, deliver it to the proper address, or return the letter tothe sender.Note that in both of these situations, it was not necessary to begin the actual conversation or openthe letter. Enough information is exchanged at the outset to determine if the parties in thecommunication are the correct ones. This is usually not true when comunicating via electronicmail.In electronic message systems, it is seldom the case that a message sent to a particular name isactually delivered to a recipient with a different name. A different situation is (unfortunately)common when a recipient has a popular name. The problem is that several people may have thesame last name, and Laurel (plus Grapevine) has not had convenient facilities for mapping aperson's actual name into that person's message system name. Thus, a person named Doe mayreceive mail for ADoe, BDoe, etc. Here, the original error is committed by the sender, who didnot consider that ADoe's message system name was actually ADoe, but just assumed that it wasDoe.The parallel to this situation in the telephone medium is actually a bit more elaborate than thedialog given above. It is more like:Callee:Hello.Caller:Hello. Is Johnny there?Callee:Hold on, I'll get him.John:Hello?Caller:Hey Johnny, let's boogie on down to the hoedown.John:Who is this?Caller:Come on buddih, this is good old Bodine!John:I don't know any Bodine.Caller:Oh. Ain't this 555-1234?and so on. Notice that in this case a partial name match has occurred, and it is only later in theconversation that one of the parties discovers that something is awry. In the electronic mail case,it is nearly always the case that the message must be at least partially read to determine that it hasreached an incorrect recipient.This situation can be (and has been) handled in several inappropriate ways. First, (and worst),the incorrect recipient can just ignore the message. No one gains through such inaction. Second,the incorrect recipient may send a response to the sender of the form "Stop sending me thistrash!" This is a bit more helpful, but not quite the best that can be done. Third, the incorrectrecipient may send the correct recipient a message of the form "Tell your senders what yourname is!" This is not even as good as the previous response, as a message system user cannotknow all possible senders.Proper consideration by all involved can alleviate the "wrong number" syndrome considerably.Senders of messages should know their recipients. When sending a message, if you are not sureof a person's message system name, look it up. In Palo Alto, the phone list has everyone'sяо"¬пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_фИрVфЙоgп]Kф¤р]оgп[ЂфЖр=фЗр!оgпY¶фЎр<фўр(оgпWлф оgпTyфЂрOфЃоgпRЇфЕр]оgпPдф§фЁрAоgпOоgпKЁфҐф¦рSоgпIЭф®фЇрMоgпHф€ф‰рOоgпFHфѕр/фїр,оgпD}ф рLфЎ оgпBІф“р[ф”оgп@ифљф›рPоgп?оgп;«фўр/фЈр1оgп9бфр%о]п7Bоо]п5xоо]п3оо]п1гоо]п0ор0о]п.Mоо]п,ѓор(о]п*ёоо]п(оооgп&OфЌрcоgп$…ф‹рJфЊоgп"єфЂрPфЃоgп пфоgп}ф¤фҐрBоgпіф†рJф‡оgпиф»р@фјоgпфђф‘р[оgпSфЅр2фѕр)оgп€ф¤рVфҐоgпѕфоgпLфІр(фір4оgп Ѓф”рQф•оgп·фЕрPфЖ я”gp=‡\›+LAUREL MANUAL64message system name correctly listed. Other organizations should do the same, and eventually amessage system wide "white pages" will be published. All these help, but not if the senders don'tuse these lists.When you realize that a message is not for you, use the Forward command to send it back to thesender along with your polite comment that the message has reached a "wrong number".Forwarding the message back is important, as the sender may not have a copy of that messageany more. Once you have determined that a you have received a "wrong number" message,STOP READING IT. The messages sent through the message system may have personalmaterial, and it is none of your business to peruse the entire message. It is for this reason that Ido not suggest forwarding the message to the proper recipient. Determining who is the properrecipient is the job of the sender. It is presumptuous to believe that you know who the properrecipient is; you may actually forward the message to yet another incorrect recipient. Besides,determining the correct recipient may require reading more of the message than you ought toread. (If you think you know the message system name of the correct recipient by the time yourealize that you are not the correct recipient, then you might include that name in your shortcovering note back to the sender. However, the mistaken sender should not expect correctidentification of the intended recipient, just as he or she would not expect it in the telephone orpostal mail systems.)Some further points to consider are these. The "wrong number" mishaps generally happen topeople who have common names and whose system names are exactly their last names. Thehonor of having one's system name be exactly one's last name is generally historical ("I was thefirst Doe hired here, therefore I'm entitled to be Doe.pa forever!") A reasonable solution wouldbe that no one have the plain name, but instead when ADoe arrives, then Doe has his or hermessage system name changed to BDoe (or whatever). In this way, the existing message systemfacilities will catch messages sent to Doe and return them as being sent to a non-existent name, atwhich point the sender can look up the correct message system name. (Note of course that theauthor has a relatively uncommon name, and makes these observations knowing full well thatthey don't apply to him.)One final point: one often heard response to this and other problems is "Why doesn't Laurel doit?" The answer is that some of these societal questions have been addressed by Laurel, butmany of them are so subtle that it would take a large amount of research into these problemsbefore workable institutions could be built into such a system. Piecemeal solutions will beforthcoming (in the form of the "white pages" and some .laurel runnable programs). In themeantime, consideration for others can go a long way.Rudeness and vulgarityThe electronic mail medium joins several disparate properties of other communication media inan interesting way. The display of mail on a personal computer is a rather personal experience.Certain feelings of privacy and ownership pervade a personal computer user's relationship withhis or her machine. Thus, the process of reading one's own electronic mail includes many of thepersonal aspects of face-to-face communication.On the other hand, sending electronic mail is much more impersonal. The recipient is notpresent, and nearly none of the social strictures that govern one's face-to-face comunication areяо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_ф•р%ф–р:оgп]KфЃр!ф‚рAоgп[ЂфоgпXф€ф‰р(upоgпVDфпрKфроgпTyфҐрDф¦оgпRЇф»р.фјр(оgпPдфзфирDоgпOфЌр^фЋоgпMOфўр>фЈоgпK„ф›р'фњр8оgпIєфЇр&ф°р:оgпGпфґрIфµоgпF$ф‘ф’рJоgпDZфірXфґоgпBЏфУфФр@оgп@Еф”р;ф•р(оgп>ъфоgп;€ф®рWфЇоgп9Ѕф№ фєрLоgп7уфљр?ф›р!оgп6(фђф‘рBоgп4^ф«рGф¬оgп2“фљр;ф›р!оgп0Иф„рKф…оgп.юф›р=фњоgп-3фёф№рNоgп+iфоgп'чф‘р;ф’р#оgп&,ф»р>фјоgп$aф«рMф¬оgп"—фЦрTфЧоgп МфАр&фБр4оgпфр5оgпusоgпpф¤р2фҐр+оgп9фр6ф™р*оgпnф«ф¬рKоgп¤фЊрYфЌоgпЩфр/оgпgфПрHфРоgп њф§фЁрU Тg U=‡]¶M6. Message System Mores65present. The sender is also able to speak his or her piece completely, without any interveningexchanges with the recipients that might moderate the entire business. This situation is enhancedwhen the recipients are not named directly, but are addressed indirectly through an impersonaldistribution list. This imbalance in feelings between sender and recipient has wide rangingconsequences.An obvious consequence of this imbalance is that opinions expressed and the language used toexpress them in messages can be wildly inappropiate to the customs and expectations of therecipients of such a message. A reader may justifiably feel slapped in the face by a message heor she considers to be in extremely bad taste.When rebuked for such behavior, errant senders have been known to say "I didn't intend it thatway!" This is not good enough. The damage has already been done. The only remedy is forsenders to think about what they are saying and to whom they are saying it. The message systemto date has been fairly unrestricted. Only as long as the society of message system users practicesself-restraint will such a free-wheeling communication medium be tolerated. There are severalmeans of applying institutional censorship to the message system traffic, means that we hope willnever need to be implemented.Message system costsMany of the problems associated with improper use of the message system are exacerbated(caused?) by the lack of charging for message system usage. In nearly all other modes ofcommunication, "sending a message" implies a certain cost (or risk) which rises with the numberof recipients that are being reached. Free speech is, in this sense, not free at all. Certainly in afree society, one can say what one pleases, but not without paying for the means to say it. Letme illustrate this with some examples.In nearly every communication medium, costs for the use of that medium are borne by thesender of messages. Postal mail requires the sender to pay for a stamp for each copy of amessage that is sent. Telephone service is charged to the originator of calls, and each call (ingeneral) goes to only one recipient. Broadcasting messages via radio or television requires a largeinvestment on the part of the sender. The costs of printing handbills or posters are likewiseborne by their authors. Public speeches, if they are to reach a large audience, require use ofsound systems, etc., that are paid for by the speaker.It may be argued that recipients do pay some of the costs for using some of these systems.However, these costs (the price of a radio receiver, basic telephone service, etc.) are generallyconstant; they do not increase as received message usage increases. A receiver's cost forelectronic mail is similar in this respect in that the cost of a workstation on which Laurel runs isborne by the receiver.Some other modes of communication do require explicit payment by the receiver. Commercialfilms, books, magazines and records fall into this category. However, publication of thesematerials does involve a substantial financial risk. Material that is not likely to be well-received isseldom published, and when it is, large costs are often incurred by the publisher.о"¬пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_ф©р*фЄр5оgп]Kф‰ фЉрTоgп[Ђф§фЁрVоgпY¶фЩрTфЪоgпWлоgпTyфЁр0ф©р,оgпRЇфИфЙр>оgпPдфр7ф™р)оgпOфр.оgпKЁф’ф“р?оgпIЭфџр$ф р6оgпHф…р/ф†р0оgпFHф‡рdоgпD}фІрKфіоgпBІфЏрIфђоgп@ифоgп<\sоgп8кpфЩрWоgп7фШфЩрMоgп5Uф‘р*ф’р5оgп3Љф“рfоgп1їфњр+фќр5оgп/хфр&оgп,ѓфЙрFфКоgп*ёфЗр4фИр&оgп(офЇр]ф°оgп'#ф€р^ф‰оgп%XфјфЅрEоgп#Ћфір,фґр3оgп!Гфр6оgпQфЗр#фИр7оgп‡фєр$ф»р=оgпјфср!фтр9оgпсф’р@ф“р$оgп'фоgпµфў фЈрPоgпкфзр<фиоgп фѓрhоgпUфрRІg=‡Yэ$LAUREL MANUAL66Electronic mail as implemented in Laurel and Grapevine has a very different cost structure. Thecost for a sender is minimal. It essentially consists of the time it takes to compose and send amessage. If time is considered the major cost factor, then it is the recipients who pay dearly forthe messages they receive. When the amount of time each recipient spends on a message sent toa large distribution list (even if a quick scan of part of the message followed by a Delete), issummed over all recipients, this is easily much more than the time consumed by the sender ofthat message.While we would like to keep the free structure of a message system, where any user can send anymessage to any other users, this freedom must be used with some care. When electronic messagesystems become widespread, they will undoubtedly change their cost structures to match those ofthe more traditional communication systems.Unsolicited mailThe existence of large public distribution lists in our message system makes it easy for a sender toreach a very wide audience. Each distribution list has a distinct purpose, e.g., lists of peopleinterested in particular topics, lists of employees in certain organizations, lists of members ofparticular projects, etc. Some lists are used primarily to keep track of all users of the messagesystem. These include such lists as AllPA^.PA, AllES^.ES, etc., which contain the names of allindividuals in those particular registries. There are also some lists maintained on a purelygeographical basis, e.g., PaloAlto^.PA, which lists all message system users in Palo Alto,California. This is not necessarily the same as AllPA^.pa, which includes people in the PA registry, but who maynot actually work in Palo Alto.The audiences addressed by these lists should not be considered a captive audience for all usersof the message system. The purpose of any distribution list may be discovered by any user (in aregistry served by Grapevine) by running the Maintain.laurel program and using the Type Entrycommand for that list (Appendix B). The purpose of the list will be printed in the Remark: entryfor that list. Although all lists are (currently) available for use by any message system user, manylists, e.g., Allx^.x where x is a registry name should not be used by anyone who doesn't have avery good reason for doing so.Many distribution lists exist for the enjoyment of their members who wish to receive items ofinterest to them. One should feel free to send an anouncement of an upcoming musical event inNorthern California, for instance, to Music^.PA. Such a message is quite inappropriate to send toAllPA^.PA, PaloAlto^.PA, etc. There are lists of message system users who have agreed to sufferthrough any and all messages. These lists (Junk^.PA, various CrankMail.dl files, etc.) are the onlylists to which ridiculous messages may be sent without incurring the justifiable wrath of messagesystem users.A Laurel user should understand when a message is appropriate to send to all people in his orher work group. Social values are different in different locations, and the members of each groupshould understand what they are. It has been observed that messages that are sent to audienceswider than the sender's immediate group are the ones that cause the most trouble.яо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_фЊр:фЌр&оgп]KфЈр-ф¤р4оgп[Ђф“р)ф”р:оgпY¶фЊрVфЌоgпWлфіфґрNupоgпV!ф¦р#ф§р9оgпTVфоgпPдф„ ф…рQоgпOф€р0ф‰р.оgпMOф‘р\ф’оgпK„фр+оgпFшsоgпC†pф‚рLфѓоgпAјф№р7фєр*оgп?сфИр^фЙоgп>&ф¦р)ф§р9оgп<\фўр!фЈр>оgп:‘фЮр]оgп8ЖфрFф оgп6ьф“tрDф” vtоgп5Uфоgп2pф›фњрFоgп0;фЌр7фЋр)оgп.qф–рNф—оgп,¦фЂр[фЃоgп*Ыф†рGф‡оgп)ф›spspspрAфњоgп'Fфоgп#Фф±рZфІоgп" ф‹р/фЊр/оgп ?ф‚рbоgпtфЉр@ф‹оgпЄфЂ фЃрYоgпЯф–р6ф—р+оgпфоgпЈфўрZфЈоgпШфЃр"ф‚р@оgп ф—р$фр;оgпCфрQюgь<‡X:6. Message System Mores67Unfortunately, unsolicited messages have continued to be sent to inappropriate lists. Examples ofinappropriate messages for standard organizational or geographic lists are:"Does anyone know how to get my Alto fixed?""This is to let everyone in the message system world know that my phone number haschanged.""I want everyone to know that I really like my roofing contractor."I'm sure that each user of the message system can recall some other similar gem. The followingsections explore some of the consequences of unsolicited mail.The chain reactionTo add insult to injury, after some piece of particularly ridiculous mail has been broadcast to aninappropriate audience, it invariably follows that some recipients cannot control their urge tomake even bigger spectacles of themselves by sending their two cents to everyone who receivedthe original nonsense. While the original event is thought by many message system users to beannoying, the latter is considered to be downright stupid. Remember that once you push theDeliver button and watch the last chance to cancel fade away from your screen, there is no way toerase your comments from the collective memory of your peers.Further on, I will give details of the facilities available in Laurel to counteract this menace. Fornow, I would like to list some of the typical responses that have been sent not just to the originalperpetrator, but to the entire list of victims."Your message is inappropriate to send to all these good people.""If you don't like junk, then get off Junk^"."How do I get off Junk^?"and, my favorite,"Do you realize that if all of us replied to all of us (as I am doing right now) that thenumber of messages that would be sent would exceed the number of atoms in the knownuniverse . . . "It is my opinion that bombarding only the original sender of a ridiculous message with equallynonsensical replies is poetic justice. There have been many requests for a Fed up command to be added toLaurel for just this purpose. Although I am sympathetic to such requests, for now we've just added them to thecollected Laurel annals.An answer to the question "How do I get off Junk^?" (in a registry served by Grapevine) is thatthe program Maintain.laurel (Appendix B) can be used to examine and modify public distributionlists. If you cannot modify the list yourself due to its access controls, then send a message to oneof the people listed as an owner of that list.о"¬пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_ф‡рbоgп]KфрKо]пYЩр,о]пVgфҐрRо]пTќо]пQ+фрCоgпM№ф“ф”рRоgпKофр>оgпGbsоgпCрpф”р\ф•оgпB%фИрQфЙ оgп@[ф р)фЎр4оgп>ђфќрXфћоgп<ЖфІр(фір3оgп:ыupфЂр$фЃр6оgп90фр=оgп5ѕф“рSф”оgп3фф‡ф€рKоgп2)фр/о]п.·рAо]п+Eр-о]п'Уоgп$aо]п пфЎрPфўо]п%ф†рFф‡о]пZфоgпифЈф¤рVоgпфр(tф™wtоgпvф§р'фЁрHоgптфоgп¤pфЋр#фЏр<оgпЩфѓр,ф„р2оgпф†р%ф‡р@оgпDфр. ћgэ<‡\оLAUREL MANUAL68The measures taken within Laurel to counteract the chain reaction phenomenon involve use of aspecial header field in messages called the Reply-To: field. Please note the spelling of "Reply-To": it contains a hyphen.When an answer to a message containing a Reply-To: field is initiated with the Answer command,only the name(s) listed in that field (plus your own name in the copies field) are put into theanswer form as recipients. In conjunction with the automatic addition of Reply-To: fields upondelivery, this gives a simple mechanism to break the chain of replies.When a message is sent with the Deliver command, if that message contains a large number ofrecipients or any public distribution lists, and it has no Reply-To: field, then the delivery isinterrupted pending user interaction to specify what kind of Reply-To: field is desired. A promptwill appear in the feedback region specifying the number of recipients and the number ofdistribution lists to which the message is being sent. It also asks you to choose a "Reply-To"option, with the reminder"ESC = answers to self only, A = answers to all, DEL = cancel delivery."At this point you must choose one of these options; delivery is postponed until you do so.The recommended option when sending to a large list is for you to strike the ESC key. This willautomatically insert a Reply-To: field, where is your name. Anyone who receivessuch a message and who initiates a response by using the Answer command will begin editing aform that includes only you and himself or herself as recipients.There are situations in which replying to the entire list of original recipients is appropriate. Thesesituations include sending technical messages to members of a project, scheduling queries forbackgammon nights, etc. In these cases, strike an A (upper or lower case) for your "Reply-To"choice. This will send the message without a Reply-To: field, so that recipients who use Answerwill get forms with all recipient names and lists included as recipients.If you are hopelessly confused by this, or you realize that you would like to edit the Reply-To:field slightly, then strike the DEL key (actually any key other than ESC or A) in answer to the "Reply-To" prompt. The Reply-To: line will be added to your message anyway, but the messagewill not be sent. At this point you may edit your message, perhaps adding a few extra names tothe Reply-To: field, and then invoke the Deliver command again.Note that you are not bothered by this prompt if you have already included a Reply-To: field inyour message. The reasoning behind this is that if a Reply-To: field is already in the outgoingmessage, then you must have already noticed the wide distribution of the message and takenappropriate steps. Good for you!One final note on this topic. Although Laurel provides these mechanisms to help break chainreactions, the ultimate responsibility for messages sent lies with their senders. Always check thelist of recipients in any message you are about to send. Excuses of the form "Laurel let it getaway." are feeble indeed.яо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_ф“рLф”оgп]Kфўр<фЈр%оgп[ЂфоgпXфЃр8ф‚upоgпVDф¬р_оgпTyф›рIфњоgпRЇфрFоgпO=фЈupр"ф¤оgпMrфЗфИрHоgпKЁф‚фѓрOоgпIЭфЮфЯр=оgпHф®р:фЇр%оgпFHфо1пC©tptptpоgпAфНрIфОоgп=™фЌр#фЋр*tpоgп;ПфЄрQф«оgп:фљр9upф›оgп89фрAоgп4ЗфЂфЃр^оgп2эфЗр=фИоgп12фћр3tpфџр#оgп/hф’ф“рHuоgп-ќpфрIоgп*+фњ фќрVоgп(`ф”tptр&pф•оgп&–ф“р.ф”р.оgп$ЛфЏрCфђоgп#фр)upоgпЏфЌрVфЋоgпДфџр0ф р0оgпщфАрTфБоgп/фр!оgпЅф«рHф¬оgптф›рRфњоgп(фЈр/ф¤р1оgп]ф2g<‡Vх16. Message System Mores69Miscellaneous distribution list peccadillosHere are several other tips to bear in mind when using distribution lists.A private distribution list is reasonable only when you wish to control all messages to that list. Ifthere is any reason to allow others to send to the list, then set up a public list. Instructions fordoing so are found in section 3.7.If you do set up a private distribution list, then do not include any public distribution list namesin it. Others may modify that list, thus indirectly modifying your private list.Names included in any distribution list should always be fully qualified, i.e., contain the .registrysuffix. Only this way will the list be useable by others outside your own registry.Off-the-record responsesThere are many situations in which a user submits a question to a wide audience, say to adistribution list of people interested in such questions, and indicates that he or she will collectresponses and later make them public. This is a most reasonable thing to do, and it helps toreduce the chain reaction effect. In Laurel 6, be sure to include a Reply-To: field whenperforming such services for your audience.A note of caution is in order here. Messages should be considered PRIVATE, unless otherwiseindicated. If your intention is to publish the responses, then by all means make that intentionclear in the same message that poses the original question. If your message did not make thatintention clear, and you decide that you would like to publish the responses, then follow up oneach response asking whether you may do so.If the intention to publish responses is clearly indicated in the original message, then publicationof any response is fine, as long as that response does not explicitly mention that it should beconsidered private.Hardcopy formsThe message system in Xerox is used for communication about Xerox related business and forpersonal messages. It is appropriate to put onto Xerox internal memo forms (electronicallygenerated or not) only those messages whose purpose is related to Xerox business. (Thecorporation has specific guidelines relating to the use of the Xerox logo, internal memo forms,etc. Common sense is all you need to derive these guidelines for yourself.) Many of the featuresand defaults of Laurel have been designed to allow users of the message system to behaveproperly with respect to these guidelines.If a message you send to others is intended to be a Xerox internal memo, include a PrintForm:InternalMemo line in its header. When your recipients print this message in the normal way, themessage will appear as an internal memo. On the other hand, if a message is truly frivolous, aPrintForm: Blank line in the header of your message is likely to prevent inappropriate printing.Refrain from mentioning any custom hardcopy form in a PrintFrom: field unless you know thatall of your recipients have included that custom form in their Laurel profiles.о"¬пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп_sфр+оgп[¤pрJоgпX2ф†ф‡рHоgпVgф™фљрIоgпTќфр"оgпQ+фЏрAфђр#оgпO`фрQоgпKоф‘р'ф’р>оgпJ#фрTоgпE—sоgпB%pфМрTфНоgп@[фрGф®оgп>ђфЇрTф°оgп<Жф фЎрGоgп:ыфр+оgп7‰фќр4фћр(оgп5ѕф§р:фЁр&оgп3фф¤фҐр@оgп2)фќфћр@оgп0_фр+оgп,нф“рAф”р#оgп+"фґрRфµоgп)Wфоgп$Лs оgп!Ypф«ф¬р<оgпЏфХфЦрBоgпДфнфор;оgпщфрJф®оgп/ф…рbоgпdфФр?фХоgпљфр*оgп(ф™фљр>оgп]ф‡ф€рHоgп’фћр_оgп Ифџр`оgпэф—рMф оgп 3фрOўg м=‡^LAUREL MANUAL70Although it is possible to change the default hardcopy form (used for those messages that do notcontain a PrintForm: field), this change should not be made unless you have a real need to do so.The Blank form is adequate for most hardcopies, and special printing is possible using the Form{brackets} in the hardcopy submenu on a case-by-case basis.MasqueradingOn occasion, people have received messages from fictitious senders, or even worse, from someonemasquerading as another real message system user. This is a most serious breach of messagesystem etiquette, and should be considered so by all message system users.A fictitious From: field is legitimate when a valid Sender: field is included. For instance,messages that are properly signed with an organization's name, say "The Laurel Group", may besent by explicitly typing a "From: The Laurel Group" line in the message header. Laurel willnotice that a From: field is already there, and it will include a Sender: line in thedelivered message instead of its usual From: line. Any time you receive a messagethat has a strange From: field, you may check the Sender: field for the actual sender.By a "masquerader" I mean someone who subverts the normal mechanisms embedded in thestandard message system programs to send messages of dubious value, without having his or hername appear in such messages. This action is possible not only in electronic message systems, butin other more traditional communication media as well. Masquerading as another may be acriminal act when committed using traditional communication media, with penalties specified inlaws that prohibit libel, slander and fraud. Other situations, such as telephone "breathers", aresimilarly outlawed.At this time, I do not know of any court cases involving libel, slander, etc. in an electronic mailcontext. Such cases are sure to arise when electronic mail does become more widespread.Masquerading in the message system is not cute or clever. Don't do it. Wizards vs. naive usersThis section is addressed mainly to the wizards who should know better. The population ofmessage system users covers a broad range from those who have knowledge of the most arcanedetails of a system to those who just barely understand the basics of using that system. Whenyou send a message to a wide audience, be considerate of the naive users, who may get confusedby technical jargon.This admonition extends to those who are using a new, restricted program. It does not help arecipient to hear "Oh you're using that old program. Well, I guess you're stuck." Just don'tmention such things to users who cannot take advantage of them.The moral of this taleThe moral of all this is simple: Be considerate. As we strive toward this goal, everyone's use ofthe message system will become even more of a joy than it already is.яо$МпfЄptpфXtоgпfсpоgп_фЌрKфЋоgп]KфЃф‚рMоgп[Ђф•рPф– uоgпY¶pupфр1оgпU*sоgпQёpф‡ф€рGоgпOнфёр7ф№р$оgпN#фрJоgпJ±фШр]оgпHжф‘р!ф’р<оgпGф¤р"фҐр;оgпEQфр7ф™р*оgпC†фЋр^оgпAјфрVоgп>JфЅрPфѕоgп<ф–р<ф—р!оgп:ґфЂ фЃрWоgп8кфДфЕрKоgп7фЈр;ф¤р#оgп5Uф¦рGф§оgп3Љфоgп0ф—рHфоgп.MфЮ фЯрJоgп,ѓфрHоgп'чsоgп$…pфБрGфВоgп"єфЎр#фўр7оgп пф¦ф§р>оgп%фЌр<фЋр"оgпZфоgпиф¦р]оgпф±р"фІр<оgпSфр?оgпЗsоgпUpф–ф—рBоgпЉфрE:gC=‡[И7. Look before you leap . . .717. Look before you leap . . .As you become familiar with Laurel, you will doubtless discover features that please you and"features" that annoy you. This section reports some of the annoying "features" other users haveencountered and, in some cases, what to do to get around them.Formatting messages for non-Laurel usersLaurel breaks lines in a transmitted message by a rather simple-minded algorithm. This may leadto line overflow when the message is read on certain terminals using MSG (or other mail systems).If you know that some of your recipients have this problem, you may wish to exercise care in theformatting of your outgoing messages. Use explicit CRs and keep your lines down to about 80%of the Laurel screen width. (A relatively painless way to do this is to compose the entire messagewithout using CRs, then just before delivery make a final pass over the message, substituting CRsfor spaces at appropriate points.)Shifted (and secondary) selection from the message display regionText in the message display region generally has real CRs in it. Laurel respects this formattinginformation, even when displayed text is copied into a composed message. When you insert textfrom a displayed message into the message composition region, you may discover that the realCRs break lines in the wrong places. If you don't like this, you will have to replace those explicitCRs by spaces after copying the text. The Substitute command (S (COM-S), section 4.4.10)provides a convenient method for doing this if a large number of CR's are involved.The Answer formThe form provided by the Answer command is not always exactly what you might want. Laureltakes the viewpoint that it is easier to delete than to add text, and therefore includes all theinformation that seems to be relevant. For example, Laurel often includes your name in the cc:field of the answer form, even though you may not want a copy of the message you arecomposing. You should not expect that the answer form will be exactly right; always examine theheader to be certain it contains the desired information.In particular, if you reply to a message that was directed to a distribution list, the Answercommand will copy the distribution list name into the cc: field of the answer form. You shouldconsider carefully whether or not it is appropriate for your reply to be sent to that distributionlist, and if not delete the distribution list name. (See also the discussion of Reply-To: fields insection 6).о"/пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп^ПqфоgпZCpфєр'ф»р5оgпXxф‡р<ф€р%оgпV®фр>оgпR"rр(оgпN°pф„р8ф…р(оgпLефЂфЃр6spоgпKф†ф‡рHоgпIPф“ф”spр'оgпG…ф„рBф…р!оgпE»rpф–ф—spрNspоgпCрфр"оgп?drрAоgп;тpфҐр"ф¦spр)оgп:'фЏр?фђоgп8]фрNф® оgп6’spф€рZф‰оgп4Зspфд феt p s pоgп2эфрAspоgп.qrоgп*яpф”ф•tpр;оgп)4фїрOфАоgп'iф”ф•рIоgп%џфЯр-фар'оgп#ФфЂrpфЃр:оgп" фр9оgпфЧр-фШр*tоgпНpф’р1ф“р.оgпф¤р'фҐр;оgп8ф фЎрTоgпmф я Тg&=‡PеLAUREL MANUAL72Space requirementsMany Laurel users find it convenient to designate a disk on which they will use Laurelexclusively. You will need about 700 disk pages to hold Laurel and a moderate-sized mail file.Some users, when converting from MSG to Laurel, have had a rude shock when they transferredtheir archival mail files from Maxc to their Alto disk. Recall that one Maxc disk page becomesfour Alto disk pages when a file is moved. This is another reason for dedicating an Alto disk tomail processing and filing, particularly if you maintain archival mail files.Hardcopy usageLaurel's Hardcopy command is intended for use in printing copies of isolated messages that youmay wish, for whatever reason, to obtain in hardcopy form. It is only suitable for obtaininghardcopy archives of all your messages, say, to put in your filing cabinet, if you print using the"Archive" hardcopy form (section 3.3.2). The other standard hardcopy forms, that print eachmessage on a separate page, are definitely unsuitable for hardcopy archives.If you do wish to maintain a hardcopy archive, and the "Archive" hardcopy form is not to yourtaste or itself produces too much paper, we recommend that you use Empress.run (or otherprinting programs) to print your mail file directly as continuous, unformatted text.Type-ahead and button-aheadLaurel directly senses the COM key (modeless editor only) and the SHIFT key for the SHIFT-BS andSHIFT-NEXT combinations (also modeless editor only) at the time that the command is performed.Thus type-ahead for these combinations is not supported. For normal text type-in, type-ahead issupported.Mouse button-ahead is not supported at all.Type-ahead is flushed on entry and exit from the Run command. Have patience at these times.о$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_rфоgп[¤pфхрAфцоgпYЩфћр*фџр5оgпVgф’р"spр!ф“оgпTќф™рWфљоgпRТфЏрBфђоgпQфрMоgпL{r оgпI pф™tpфљр1оgпG?фјрSфЅ оgпEtфќр3фћр/оgпC©фєф»р<оgпAЯфрLоgп>mф•ф–рLоgп<ўфОр>фПоgп:ШфрTоgп6Krоgп2Ъpф„spф…р$spspоgп1s pф‹рTоgп/DфђрIф‘оgп-z оgп*фrpоgп&–фр1tpф™ядg&O=‡AјА8. If things go wrong . . .738. If things go wrong . . .In Laurel, as in most interactive systems, lots of things can go wrong. Also as in most systems,some of them are your fault and some of them are not. Laurel tries to prevent you fromwreaking destruction upon your environment, and reports any (perceived) violations in thefeedback region.The error reports in the feedback region are intended to be self-explanatory. If you cannot figureout what one means or what to do next, please send a message to LaurelSupport.PA (using Laurelif possible).If Laurel detects certain internal error conditions, it interrupts whatever command was in progressand posts a message in the feedback region. In some cases, Laurel may decide that the errorshould be reported to LaurelSupport.PA, and, in such cases, it will prepare an error report form(after confirmation from you). This form contains internal status information of interest to theLaurel implementers and should be used whenever possible. If you confirm the use of this form,Laurel will restart itself and display the form in the composition region. You should then followthe instructions contained within the form, after which Laurel will again be available for normaluse.The vast majority of Laurel internal errors reported in the last year have turned out to be due toproblems with the disk or with the Alto (Dolphin, Dorado) processor. If Laurel "freezes" orotherwise behaves peculiarly for no apparent reason, a simple check of your disk will probably fixthe problem. Run the Scavenger.run program from the Alto Executive. If it reports a "Readerror", then have a hardware maintainer check out your disks thoroughly. If Laurel continues tobehave strangely, e.g., it doesn't run at all, suspect the processor. If you have sent in an errorreport through the built-in error reporting mechanism, and you later discover that the problemreally was due to faulty hardware, then please send a message to LaurelSupport.PA to explainwhat happened."Freezing" is defined as Laurel becoming completely unresponsive to mouse movement andkeyboard input. If the cursor moves when the mouse is moved, then Laurel has not "frozen"; bepatient and wait a bit longer for the current operation to complete. Only if an operation takes avery unreasonable amount of time should you suspect that Laurel is in a bad state. Use yourgood judgment; a long file transfer or a Quit or Mail file command given when the current mailfile has over a hundred messages may take a while. If your cursor does not move when youmove the mouse, but keyboard input is accepted by Laurel, then check to see whether yourmouse is properly connected. (We get them all.)Regardless of the above discussion, when Laurel enters automatic bug reporting mode, a realLaurel bug may be the culprit. Please do fill out the description part, and deliver the error reportmessage. Only because of the diligent attention paid to these error reports by users in the pasthas Laurel has become as error free as it is.о#пfЄpфXоFЏпfсоgп^ПqфоgпZCpфњрPфќоgпXxфНфОр8оgпV®фор7фпр"оgпTгфоgпQqфѓрcоgпO§фЂр<фЃр"оgпMЬфоgпJjф…рSф†оgпHџф°р;ф±р!оgпFХф—р;фр%оgпE ф§рaоgпC@ф‡ф€рAоgпAuфЊр*фЌр8оgп?Єфр!ф™р@оgп=аоgп:nфЊфЌрNоgп8ЈфёрDф№оgп6Щф‚фѓрFоgп5ф¬рDфоgп3CфЌфЋрTоgп1yф¦р]ф§оgп/®фЄр:ф«р$оgп-дф±р@фІоgп,ф оgп(§фЧр3фШр#оgп&Ьф…р$ф†р:оgп%фЏрEфђоgп#Gф«ф¬рAоgп!}фЋр(фЏrprpр$оgпІф±р+фІр.оgпзфЕр%фЖр3оgпфр0оgп«фАр6фБр%оgпафЂфЃрFоgпфћрOфџоgпKфр-Тg<‡U LAUREL MANUAL74 яо$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_фяg^П ј <9. Things a casual user doesn't really need to know759. Things a casual user doesn't really need to knowFor each mail file x, Laurel creates a separate file x-dmsTOC, which holds various internalinformation about the table-of-contents. When you invoke Mail file {x}, Laurel will recreate thisfile if necessary. Naturally, this slows down the Mail file command.Laurel creates scratch files while it is working and leaves them on your Alto disk. You maydelete these files (named DMS-n.TMP for various values of n) if necessary, though Laurel ensuresthat they will not grow very large. If you terminate a Laurel session abnormally (or Laurel crashes) then thesefiles might actually be quite large. Deleting them lengthens the time required to start up Laurel. If Laurel generates an automatic error report directed to LaurelSupport.PA (see section 4), it willleave behind a file Laurel.BugReport$ containing the text of that report. You may delete this fileif you wish.SHIFT-SWAT is disabled in Laurel soon after start-up, since SWAT is one of the COM keys. Youmay achieve a SHIFT-SWAT by holding down the combination SHIFT-NEXT-COM. Performing suchan action is of dubious value.оiпfЄpфXр3оFЏпfсоgп^Пqфр3оgпZCpфЫrpфЬrpspоgпXxф‡р2ф€tprpоgпV®фр3tpоgпS<ф·р;фёр!оgпQqфsprpspф™rpр%оgпO§ф†р%sф‡рEоgпMЬфЗр$pр?фоgпJjфЏр9фђр*оgпHџф„рAф…р"оgпFХфоgпCcs pфЈр+ф¤spsp оgпAфђ s pф‘s pоgп?Офя g?‡<‡(„LAUREL MANUAL76 о$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_фяg^П ј <Appendix A: Command line options77Appendix A: Command line optionsLaurel has several command line options that can be specified when you invoke it from the AltoExecutive.Mail file selectionLaurel's default action, triggered when you type>Laurel CRis to perform an implicit Mail file on Active.mail. If you type>Laurel filename CRLaurel will read filename.mail instead. If you supply an explicit extension, Laurel will respect it,otherwise it will add the .mail suffix.In-box interrogationYou can also request that Laurel access your in-box automatically when it begins execution.Type>Laurel/n CR or>Laurel/n filename CRLaurel will first perform an implicit Mail file on the indicated or defaulted file (see above). Itthen will check to see if messages are present in your in-box. If so, Laurel performs an implicitNew mail command. Upon the completion of the New mail command (if performed), Laurel isavailable for normal use.You may also invoke Laurel by>Laurel/c CR or>Laurel/c filename CRIf messages are present in your in-box, Laurel will behave as though "/n" were specified. If nonew mail exists, Laurel will omit the implicit Mail file and return directly to the Alto Executive.A fine point: if Laurel is unable to contact your in-box(es), it returns to the Alto Executive. Laurel will not returnto the Alto Executive, however, if there is no password on your disk. In this case it will allow you to log in with theUser command and continue to run Laurel.Send message modeIf you merely want to send a message, you may request that Laurel omit its implicit Mail filewhen it begins execution. Type>Laurel/s CRInstead of reading a mail file, Laurel will perform an implicit New form as it starts up. You maythen compose and deliver your message in the usual way. If, after doing so, you wish to processa mail file, simply invoke Mail file and supply a file name as described in section 3.1.3.оAпfЄpфXр!оFЏпfсоgп^ПqфоgпZCpфЏрFфђоgпXx оgпSмrфоgпPzpр0о]пMЬфXsоgпK>pфtpо]пHџфXrpsоgпFpф’rpрHф“оgпD7фр'оgп?Єrоgп<8pфОфПрTоgп:nо]п7РфX sфFpо]п6фX rpsоgп3gpфўфЈ tpр4оgп1њф”рFф•оgп/Сtф’pр&tpф“ оgп.фоgп*•о]п'чфX sфFpо]п&,фX rpsоgп#Ћpф•рYф–оgп!Гф”ф•tpр+оgп sфЋфЏрgоgпф„рhф…оgпusфр$оgп«rоgп9pф¬р5фtоgпnpфо]пРфX sоgп2pф‡ф€р'tpоgпgфЌр7фЋр)оgп њфифйtpр6~g U=‡]¶LAUREL MANUAL78 о$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_фяg^П ј <Appendix B. Programs available for the Run command79Appendix B. Programs available for the Run commandThe programs listed in this appendix are available for use with the Run command (section 3.6).These programs are supported by the Laurel group and are available on the directory onyour neighborhood file server.You may wish to keep these programs on your local disk, or you may retrieve them "on the fly"using the Run command. When programs have been retrieved in the latter manner, they arecopied to your disk and are left there even after you are finished with them. You may wish toinclude a RunPath: entry in your Laurel profile to make this process a little simpler (section 5).Many programs that run via the Run command use the composition region of Laurel as atypescript. This typescript is limited to 60,000 characters, i.e., only the last 60,000 characters areretained for any session. When you are finished with such a program, this typescript remains inthe composition region, where you may edit it, file it, deliver it, etc. Normally, this typescriptreplaces the previous contents of the composition region. It may be restored after the Run command isfinished by invoking U (CANCEL). If you begin another Run command immediately after finishing aRun command (no editing in between the two Run's), then the typescript (if any) for thesubsequent program is appended to the previous typescript (if any).Many of the programs listed here allow you to invoke other Laurel screen commands. Thecommands that are typically enabled are Copy in the lower menu and all commands in the upperand middle menus except for Quit and Hardcopy.Shifted selection is always available as an alternative to type-in. This makes acting on lengthyrequests contained in a received message considerably easier.In the modeless editor, the PASTE key reverts back to a LF key when the Run command is executing. It is restoredto a PASTE key when the Run command finishes.оопfЄpфXр(qpоFЏпfсоgп^Пrфр2оgпZCpфџр$ф qpоgпXxфЂр#фЃр<оgпV®фоgпS<фЌр7фЋр&оgпQqф· qpрGфёоgпO§фљрGф›оgпMЬфљр<ф›р&оgпJjфЩqpфЪр&оgпHџфрHф™оgпFХф”рJф•оgпE ф©фЄрTоgпC@ф–р:ф—sts оgпAuф” ф•pqpр&оgп?Єqpфгр(qpр%фдоgп=афрCоgп:nфЗрRфИоgп8Јф‰р(qpр*фЉоgп6Щфqpqpоgп3gф¬рaоgп1њфр=оgп.Msф€рHtsр&оgп,ЙфtsяІg,¦=‡;eСLAUREL MANUAL80B.1. ChatChat.laurel provides a teletype interface to servers that support the Telnet protocol. Chat.laurel issimilar to Chat.run, etc. in its effect, but it does not support the variety of commands available inthe other Chat programs. Chat.laurel interacts with you via a typescript in the composition regionof the Laurel screen.Starting and stopping ChatWhen you start Chat (by invoking the Run command with program name Chat), it greets youwith the lines:Laurel Chat of date(CTRL DEL closes connection and returns to Chat command level.)C(onnect to), L(ogin to), or Q(uit)?A blinking caret appears after the question mark, inviting you to begin your Chat session. At thispoint you are at Chat command level. Only the three characters C, L, or Q are valid inputs atthis level (upper or lower case does not matter).A "Q" typed at command level will terminate both the Chat program and the Run command.A "C" typed at command level will produce the prompt:Connect to host: with a blinking caret following the colon, inviting you to type the name of a server machine(terminated with a CR) to which you wish to connect. If you type a DEL character before the CR,then you will return to Chat command level. Once you have connected to the server machine, allinteractions are as defined by that server.An "L" typed at command level will produce the prompt:Login to host: with a blinking caret following the colon, inviting you to type the name of a server machine(terminated with a CR) to which you wish to connect. This command behaves identically to the"C" command, except that "L" also issues an automatic Login command to the server after theconnection is established. The name and password used for this Login command are the mostrecent ones entered via the User command (section 3.1.1), or the ones on your local disk if youhaven't used the User command yet in this Laurel session.Note: characters are only placed on the screen when they are echoed by the server to which youare connected. Most servers will not echo your password. Also, if the server is heavily loaded,there may be a slight delay between the time that you type characters and the time that they aredisplayed.яо$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп^ПrфоgпZCpф…рEф†р!оgпXxф‡р(ф€р=оgпV®фЂфЃрKоgпTгфоgпPWuоgпLеpф®фЇqpр/оgпKфо]пH|uо]пFІpр?о]пDзр$оgпAuфЃф‚рEоgп?ЄфўupфЈр*оgп=афр1оgп:nф®рAфЇqpоgп6ьфр5о]п4^оgп1їфјр#фЅр9оgп/хф€spр/spф‰spоgп.*фѓр[ф„оgп,_фр+оgп(ор6о]п&Oоgп#±фјр#фЅр9оgп!жфsp ф™р:оgп ф рJфЎоgпQф§р(фЁр2оgп‡ф›qpфњр?оgпјфqpр$оgпJфђрCф‘оgпфњр@фќр!оgпµфЏфђрTоgпк љgЈ<‡VhъAppendix B. Programs available for the Run command81When you are connected to a remote server, if you type CTRL-DEL, then your connection isclosed, and you return to Chat command level. If your connection is closed explicitly, e.g., byissuing a "Logout" command to the server, then you will also return to Chat command level.Maxc often takes a significant amount of time to close your connection after you have logged out. Strike CTRL-DELto notify Chat that you don't wish to wait.Whenever you return to Chat command level, the one line prompt:C(onnect to), L(ogin to), or Q(uit)?is displayed. From this point you may make another connection or quit as described above.Chat usage tipsThe Chat program significantly extends the range of operations you may perform while still insideof Laurel. Some of these are listed here.Most servers support remote printing in a natural way. IFS servers, for example, support a"Press" command that prints files stored on that IFS on a printer you designate without yourhaving to retrieve those files to your local disk. If you receive a message that mentions the nameof a press file stored remotely, using Chat plus shifted selection to type the file name to the"Press" command, is the most convenient way to have that file printed.Command files of input directed to a remote server are possible using shifted selection from themessage display region. Once you SHIFT-select text, all of it will be input to Chat as if you typedit yourself at the appropriate times. Be careful to ensure that you include all CR's, confirmations,abbreviations. etc. just as the server would expect them as if you had typed the text yourself. Tolearn how to get arbitrary text into your mail file and thus into your message display region, seesection B.3, InsertMail.laurel.яоопfЄpфXр(qpоFЏпfсоgп_фЙфКspоgп]KфҐр.ф¦р2оgп[Ђф¶рCф·оgпYЩsф…ф†р`оgпX2фр+оgпTАpр?о]пR"р$оgпOѓфѕр3фїр'оgпJчuфоgпG…pфЂр>фЃр#оgпE»фр*оgпBIфИр)фЙр2оgп@~фґр\оgп>іф€рcоgп<йф»фјр[оgп;фрFоgп7¬ф–р"ф—р>оgп5вф‡р"spр<оgп4фЉрLф‹spоgп2LфЉр8ф‹р+оgп0‚ф“рNф”оgп.·фяg.p=‡9›°LAUREL MANUAL82B.2. MaintainMaintain.laurel is useful for interacting with Grapevine servers for various purposes includingchanging your password, updating public distribution lists, etc. The Maintain program is onlyuseful to you if you are in a registry served by Grapevine (currently only PA and ES, most otherswill be soon).This section is an abbreviated guide to the use of Maintain. It contains descriptions of thecommands needed by the casual user, i.e., a person who is not an owner of a list or a registry. Amore complete explanation of Maintain will appear in the near future. A thorough technicaldescription (not intended for casual users) of the facilities provided by Grapevine is contained inthe file [Ivy]Interface.press.Using MaintainWhen you start Maintain (by invoking the Run command with program name Maintain), it greetsyou with the lines:Grapevine Registration Server Maintenance ProgramVersion of dateLogin Name.registry ...GV:A blinking caret appears after the GV:, which is the command prompt, inviting you to type aMaintain command. If you type a question mark, a complete list of commands will be typed out,and the GV: prompt will be issued again. Most of these commands are quite technical; we willdeal with only a small subset of them here.To issue a command to Maintain, you must type only the initial letters that uniquely distinguishthat command from the others. As soon as enough of a command word (usually only one letter)has been typed, Maintain will complete that word for you. If you type any subsequent letters inthat word beyond the unique prefix, those letters will be used for the rest of the command, whichalmost always results in an error. In the list of commands that follow, the complete commandname will be given first, with the unique letters you should type to issue that command followingin parentheses.Most commands require names as arguments. Maintain will generally suggest a name for eachargument based on the names you have entered to previous commands. If the name is correct,just confirm it by typing a space or CR. Otherwise, type in the name (shifted selection works)and terminate with a space or CR (may be included in the shifted selection). All names given toMaintain must be fully qualified, i.e., they must include the registry extension.If you type a DEL character at any time during command input, that command will be cancelledand a new GV: prompt will be given.яо$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп^ПrфоgпZCpфГр.фДр1оgпXxфір^оgпV®фѓрZф„оgпTгф оgпQqфЙфКрKоgпO§ф…ф†рSоgпMЬфјрFфЅоgпLф‘р$ф’р?оgпJGфр#оgпE»u оgпBIpф†ф‡qpр/оgп@~фо]п=ар1о]п< uо]п:Kpupupо]п6µоgп3Cфр-ф®р.оgп1yфѓф„р@оgп/®ф•ф–рKоgп-дфр+оgп*rф–ф—рAоgп(§фЊрPфЌоgп&ЬфЏр=фђр#оgп%фѓрaоgп#Gф¦рUф§оgп!}ф‡рWф€ оgпІфоgп@ф§рZоgпuфќфћрFоgп«ф§р$фЁspр8оgпафђspр-ф‘оgпфрQоgп¤ф” spф•р5оgпЩфр#я Ћg’<‡XyAppendix B. Programs available for the Run command83Maintain commandsThe following commands may be given in any order, with the exception that you must beproperly logged in to give any command other than ?, Login, or Quit. When Maintain is started,it tries to log you in automatically with the current User name and password. If that fails, thenyou may log in using the Login command in Maintain.The commands listed here are in alphabetical order.Add Member (AME)First type the name of a person, including the .registry suffix, to be added to a publicdistribution list. Maintain will respond with to group. Now type the name of the list(remember to include the registry). If you are allowed to add that person to that list(there are several controls on this), then the requested change will be made. If not,Maintain will flash the screen and type out the reason for the rejection. In general, youare allowed to add yourself to general interest lists, but not allowed to add anyone else.Login (L)Maintain will prompt with Your name please: . Type your name, including the .registrysuffix. Maintain will then prompt with Your password: . Type your password.Maintain will echo a * for each letter in your password. Grapevine maintains its owncopy of your password, and the password you give here must be the one the Grapevineknows. If you give your password successfully, Maintain will respond with ok. Once youare logged in, you may proceed to issue other Maintain commands. If you cannot log in,because you have forgotten your password or for some other reason, then you will haveto ask an administrator for your registry to issue a Set Password command for you (seebelow).Quit (Q)This command must be confirmed with a CR or the letter Y. When confirmed, this willterminate Maintain and the Run command.Remove Member (RME)First type the name of a person to be removed from a public distribution list. Maintainwill respond with from group. Now type the name of the list (remember to include theregistry). If you are allowed to remove that person from that list (there are severalcontrols on this), then the requested change will be made. If not, Maintain will flash thescreen and type out the reason for the rejection. In general, you are allowed to removeyourself from general interest lists, but not allowed to remove anyone else.Set Password (SP)Maintain will prompt with to be. Type your new password. Maintain will echo a * foreach letter in this password. After terminating the password with a space or CR, Maintainwill prompt with for individual. Type your name, including the .registry suffix. WhenяоопfЄpфXр(qpоFЏпfсоgп_uфоgп[¤pфЦр1фЧр$оgпYЩф€ф‰рMоgпXф— фр+qpр(оgпVDфр3оgпRТр3оgпO`о]пKоф«р0upф¬о]пJ#фр/upо]пHYфір/фґр(о]пFЋфГрNфДо]пDДф“ф”рGо]пBщфњрFфќоgп?‡фо]п<фљupф›uо]п:Kpффр(uфх pо]п8Ђф¬р.фр'о]п6µфљрSо]п4лфЃф‚рDup о]п3 ф†рOф‡о]п1Uфљф›р;о]п/‹фџф рMо]п-Аоgп*Nфо]п&ЬфЄр&sф«pо]п%фqpоgп! о]п.ф’р%ф“р3о]пcфљu pф›о]п™фКр-фЛр)о]пОф‰р1фЉр*о]пфрXо]п9фрLоgпЗо]пUфupр2ф™о]пЉфЃр4ф‚sp о]п Аф©u pфЄup Hg y<‡]’$LAUREL MANUAL84you terminate this name with a CR or space, Maintain will store this new password in theGrapevine name data base. From now on, this is the password you must use to accessyour new mail or to send mail. Be very careful when typing your password. If youmake a mistake you may type DEL to cancel this command. Once you type theterminating CR or space for the entire Set Password command you are committed towhatever password you have typed. If you can't reproduce this password later, you willhave to obtain the help of an administrator for your registry to correct it. After setting your password with the Set Password command, you will need to re-invokethe Login command with your new password if you wish to continue using Maintain.Also, when you are back in Laurel, you should re-invoke the User command to allowaccess to your new mail.Type Entry (TE)Maintain will prompt with for R-Name. Type the name of the individual or publicdistribution list for which you wish to see information. For individuals, you can discoverthe current in-box server(s) and forwarding established for that individual. For lists, youwill see the purpose of the list (in the Remark: field), the owners of the list (in theOwners: field), and the people who are allowed to add or remove themselves from thatlist (in the Friends: field).Type Members (TM)Maintain will prompt with of group:. Type the name of the public distribution list whosemembers you wish to see. Maintain will list the members of this group, some of whichmay be lists themselves. To see the members of those lists, extra Type Memberscommands may be used. Type Members of the special group "Groups.registry" producesa listing of all the distribution lists available in registry. The Type Members command can onlyaccess public distribution lists held in the Grapevine name data base. The Get command (section 3.5.1) canaccess any distribution list to which you can deliver a message.о$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpо]п_ф‡ф€spр7о]п]Kф фЎрEо]п[Ђф¶ф·р3о]пY¶фнspфоо]пWлфЖspр%фЗо]пV!ф™р>фљо]пTVфрNо]пPдф”ф•рHо]пOф№р/фєр!о]пMOфІр7фіqpо]пK„фоgпHо]пD фМu pфНо]пBЦф‰р'фЉр4о]пAфЏрXфђо]п?AфБр0фВр'о]п=vфџр.ф р&о]п;«фоgп89о]п4Зф„uф…pр6о]п2эф™р8фљо]п12фжр5фзо]п/hф‡ф€р+up о]п-ќф‹р5upsфЊо]п+цф€рLtsф‰о]п*rфр@¤g*O8‘=јЮAppendix B. Programs available for the Run command85B.3. InsertMail.laurelInsertMail is a program that inserts the contents of the message composition region as a messageinto your current mail file. The message is inserted as is; unlike the Deliver command, no From:or Date: fields are added in this process. If you wish to include such fields in the inserted mail,you must edit them in yourself prior to running InsertMail. The T (COM-T) command is useful inpreparing a Date: field, should you wish to do so.InsertMail inserts the message after the last selected entry in the table-of-contents. If no messagesare selected in the table-of-contents, then the message is inserted at the beginning of the mail file,i.e., it becomes message number 1.When the message is inserted, the table-of-contents is reformatted, and the newly insertedmessage is selected and displayed. If the message as inserted does not conform to legal messageheader rules, or if some header fields are missing, then the table-of-contents display for that entrymay have some parts missing or filled in with question marks.InsertMail does not use the composition region for a typescript. It does its job, terminates, andleaves the text in the composition region as it was.Uses for InsertMailHave you ever wanted to annotate or otherwise edit a message in your mail file? The simple wayis to move that message into the composition region (Display the message, use E (COM-E), andreplace the contents of the composition region with a shifted selection of the entire messagedisplay region--use multi-clicks to select it.) Then, edit the message and Run InsertMail. If youhaven't moved the table-of-contents entry, then the new version will be inserted immediately afterthe original version. If you wish, you may select the original version and invoke Delete.To prepare a command file from which a shifted selection will be taken as input to some otherrunnable program, just prepare that command file in the composition region and InsertMail itinto your mail file. You may wish to prefix the command file message with a portion of amessage header, say the Date:, From:, and Subject: fields, to have that command file appearreasonably in the table-of-contents.To print text that you are preparing in the composition region, InsertMail it into your mail fileand invoke Hardcopy.яоопfЄpфXр(qpоFЏпfсоgп^ПrфоgпZCpф’рLф“оgпXxф†рCф‡qpоgпV®фЏфђрQоgпTгф‡р<ф€spоgпSфр2оgпO§ф‚фѓupрBоgпMЬф„рJф…оgпLфр"оgпHџфофпрGоgпFХф”рOф•оgпE ф…ф†рRоgпC@фр=оgп?Оф›фњрGоgп>фр4оgп9wuоgп6pф„рOф…оgп4:ф° ф±р+qpspоgп2pфИфЙрBоgп0Ґф”рKф•qpоgп.Ъфѓр3ф„р/оgп-фжфзр:qpоgп)ћфќр.фћр/оgп'Уфіфґр>оgп& фАфБрEоgп$>фѕр:фїр!оgп"sфр$оgпфЎрRфўоgп7ф qpя 2gр<‡KтLAUREL MANUAL86B.4. FilesFiles.laurel is a program that provides many of the functions on files that are provided by theAlto Executive.When you start Files (by invoking the Run command with program name Files), it greets youwith the lines:Laurel File Utility of dateType ? for help.>A blinking caret appears after the greater-than sign, inviting you to issue a Files command. The">" characters is the prompt character, and always indicates that Files is ready for anothercommand.When giving a command to Files, any unique prefix of that command may be typed (as in theAlto Executive). ESC command completion is not supported; typing an ESC will insert that (illegal) character inthe command. Terminate command lines with a CR.Typing CTRL-DEL will cancel commands in progress. This is particularly useful for interruptinglong typeout from the List or Type commands.Most commands allow a file pattern wherever a single filename would be acceptable. A filepattern is expressed using the # and * characters, meaning match exactly one and match zero ormore characters respectively, as in the Alto Executive. Files commandsCopy NewFile _ FilePattern FilePattern . . .The Copy command is similar to the Copy command in the Alto Executive. Thecontents of the old files to the right of the arrow will be concatenated and copied into thenew file mentioned to the left of the arrow.Delete FilePattern FilePattern . . .The Delete command is similar to the Delete command in the Alto Executive. TheDelete command requests confirmation for each file before it actually deletes that file. ACTRL-DEL to cancel the entire Delete command will not be acted on until after you finish confirming orcancelling the current file.FileStat FilePattern FilePattern . . .The FileStat command is similar to the FileStat command in the Alto Executive. Thelength and create, read, and write dates for each file specified are listed.яо$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп^Пrф оgпZCpф¬рKфоgпXxфоgпUф®фЇqpр0оgпS<фо]пPћuо]пNУpо]пMоgпI–ф’р\ф“оgпGМфЫр+фЬр1оgпFоgпBЏф рRфЎоgп@Еф’sрQф“оgп>ъфpр!spоgп;€фҐspрCф¦оgп9Ѕфр,оgп6KфїфАрEоgп4ЃфЊр&фЌр8оgп2¶фр9оgп.*u оgп*ёpupu puо]п'Fpфафбр8о]п%|фЂфЃрCо]п#±фр,оgп%u pu pо]піфЗр+фИр$о]пиф‹р(фЊр2sо]пAф–рGф—о]пљфоgп pu puо]п›pф¬фрGо]пСфрLяxgЉ<‡[ЃсAppendix B. Programs available for the Run command87List FilePattern FilePattern . . .The List command is used to list all files on the local disk that match the patternsspecified. In the Alto Executive, this function is provided by the TAB character. TABused in this way is not supported in Files.laurel; use the List command instead. Thematching files are listed in the order in which they occur in your directory. Although theoutput may look alphabetized, that only reflects the periodic sorting done in the Altodirectory by the Alto Executive. You may find files out of alphabetical order near theend of your List command output.Rename OldFile NewFileThe Rename command is similar to the Rename command in the Alto Executive.QuitThe Quit command terminates the Files program and the Run command.Type FilePattern FilePattern . . .The Type command types the contents of the specified files one after the other, withoutpausing. Each file is preceded by a short length description. You may terminate itsoutput by typing CTRL-DEL.яоопfЄpфXр(qpоFЏпfсоgп_фu puо]п[¤pфОр<фПо]пYЩфћр0фџр'о]пXф¶рUо]пVDфѓр:ф„р!о]пTyф»рVо]пRЇф¤р8фҐо]пPдфоgпLXupuо]пHжpфор+фпоgпDZо]п@ифр6qpоgп<\u puо]п8кpф—р#фр4о]п7ф»рGфј о]п5Uфspg57‘2э†LAUREL MANUAL88B.5. SearchMailThe SearchMail.laurel program will search through your entire current mail file, looking for textthat matches a pattern. The message number of any message in which a match is found will bedisplayed in the typescript, and that message is selected in the table-of-contents. WhenSearchMail is finished, it terminates the Run command, leaving in its typescript the messagenumbers of all messages that contain a match, and with all such messages selected.The patterns that are allowed are the same as those allowed by the Find command (section 4.4.5).Only one pattern is allowed per run of SearchMail; each subsequent run of SearchMail begins anew table-of-contents selection. You must terminate the pattern with an ESC character. Once thepattern is terminated, the search begins.After SearchMail is finished, you may operate on the set of matched messages in a variety ofways. You may invoke any of the commands in the middle menu to delete, move, or hardcopythe entire set. If the set of selected messages contains two or more messages, then the Displaycommand (section 3.2.1) will display each selected message in turn, without destroying the table-of-contents selection.SearchMail thus provides a rudimentary keyword search capability to Laurel. It is limited tosearching for only one pattern (no combinations of patterns are allowed), and it will search withinthe current mail file only.о$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп^ПrфоgпZCpфр"ф™р?оgпXxф”ф•рEоgпV®фр9фоgпTгфКр%фЛqpр/оgпSфрRоgпO§ф€рCqpоgпMЬф•рIф–оgпLф†рIsp ф‡ оgпJGфр)оgпFХфірYфґоgпE ф—рMфоgпC@ф¤рXфҐqоgпAupф–рCф—оgп?Єфоgп<8фЅр]оgп:nф„рIф…оgп8Јфяђg8\=‡/ЇљAppendix B. Programs available for the Run command89B.6. MailFileScavengerIn the unlikely event that your mail file becomes damaged, there is a remedy in the form of theMailFileScavenger.laurel program that usually restores the internal structure of your mail file to areasonable state. It cannot deal with disk errors; use Scavenger.run first if you suspect disk errors. TheMailFileScavenger copies the damaged mail file into a new scratch file as it operates, thereforeyou must have slightly more free disk pages available for this scratch file than the number of diskpages that your damaged mail file occupies. The MailFileScavenger will warn you if there is not enoughroom.To run the MailFileScavenger, just invoke Run with the program name MailFileScavenger. TheMailFileScavenger will ask you to type the name of the mail file to be scavenged. Terminate thisname with a CR. If you type a name without a period, .mail will be added to the nameautomatically. MailFileScavenger will proceed to copy your mail into its scratch file (namedMailFileScavenger.scratch$). After each fifth message, MailFileScavenger will print out thatmessage number, just to let you know it is still working.When anomalies are detected in your mail file, MailFileScavenger will print out a short messagesuch as "Message 53: existing count was 231 bytes too small." These messages indicate that theformatting information present in the mail file that Laurel uses to distinguish individual messageswas inconsistent with what the MailFileScavenger believes to be distinct messages. When theMailFileScavenger is finished, it is a good idea to check any messages it complained about; thesemessages may be missing several characters or be malformed in other interesting ways. Youshould also check neighboring messages--some of the characters in those messages might really bepart of other messages.After the MailFileScavenger has finished copying (and reformatting) your mail into its scratchfile, it will pause and ask if it should copy that file back into the original mail file (Type CR or Yto confirm). If there have been few error reports, this may be done without any trepidation; theMailFileScavenger will do the copy, delete the scratch file, and terminate. You may at this pointinvoke Mail file on your mail file once again and gaze upon the damage. On the other hand, ifthere have been many error reports, you may wish to type a DEL character to deny the automaticcopy, and examine the MailFileScavenger.scratch$ mail file before performing the copy yourself.You may invoke Mail file on the MailFileScavenger.scratch$ file merely by typing (or SHIFT-selecting) that name into the Mail file brackets.The mail file that MailFileScavenger produces should always give you a readable mail file, i.e.,one that Laurel will not complain about. This mail file may have "messages" that are fragmentsof messages in the original file and/or duplicate messages. As long as Laurel will allow you toread that file, you may repair the damage with the Laurel editor and the InsertMail program(Appendix B.3). If the file produced by the MailFileScavenger is not readable by Laurel, pleasesend a message describing your difficulties to LaurelSupport.PA.оопfЄpфXр(qpоFЏпfсоgп^ПrфоgпZCpф’ф“рYоgпXxфЉрPф‹оgпV®фИsр2фЙр"pоgпTгф©рFфЄоgпSфѓр%ф„р>оgпQNфўр-sр3фЈоgпO§оgпLXpф•р6ф–р%оgпJЌф…р*ф†р7оgпHГфЦspр2фЧоgпFшфЖр;фЗр"оgпE-фврTфгоgпCcфр9оgп?сф–р@ф—оgп>&фр>ф™р!оgп<\ф‹рOфЊоgп:‘фєр0ф»р,оgп8ЖфЌфЋрCоgп6ьфВр0фГр*оgп51ф† ф‡рUоgп3gфоgп/хф№р0фєр.оgп.*ф†р-ф‡р2spоgп,_фЋфЏрFоgп*•ф‹рPфЊоgп(Кф‘qpф’р7оgп'фЉр3ф‹spоgп%5фљр0ф›р/оgп#jфѕqpр'фїspоgп! фqp оgп.ф§рZфЁоgпcф‘р3ф’р,оgп™фџр;ф р%оgпОф№фєрLоgпф“ф”рPоgп9фр@¤gт=‡S7LAUREL MANUAL90 о$МпfЄpspфXsоgпfсpоgп_фяg^П ј <Appendix C. Hardcopy Forms91Appendix C. Hardcopy FormsLaurel allows you to create your own custom hardcopy forms by including a description of eachform in your Laurel profile. The language used to specify these forms is described in thisappendix. The forms that are built into Laurel are listed at the end of this appendix, written inthis forms language.The syntax for a hardcopy form definition in your Laurel profile isHardcopyForm:

where is described in more detail below. Each contains the name of the definedhardcopy form. If a hardcopy form included in your profile has the same name as a built-inhardcopy form, then the form in your profile replaces that built-in form. There is no intrinsic limit onthe number of forms you may put in your Laurel profile.In this description, words in angle brackets refer to items to be described in further detail. Allparentheses shown are included in the actual hardcopy form. Items separated by whitespace maybe separated in the hardcopy form by one or more whitespace characters or by a CR followed byat least one whitespace character. Never put two CR's together in the hardcopy form. It willterminate the parse.When creating your own hardcopy forms, it is usually best to modify an existing form, ratherthan building it from scratch. The profile error message for most errors in hardcopy forms is just Profile syntaxerror near .C.1. The printed page is divided into two areas: the text area and the frame area. The text area is therectangular space inside the four margins of the page in which message text is printed. Theframe area is the space left over, from the margin lines to the edges of the page.A specifies the name of the form, the four margins, some leading (vertical spacing)information, and a list of and of the form.An