D|1sIz1Dx1si1Y1bi Es  ivn|G  nuz  w|T
wctX  krankYt  @n    tUnYt    part
tu  xv  xr  InvEst|ge&xv  ripcrt    fl@Sxz  xv
lYt	strenJ  fxnamEnx  |n  Dx  sWT
@tl@n&|k  

010  

x  n@CXL  ivEnt  cr
x  m@med  IksploZN  
  gUdivn|G  prEz|dNt    regxn  txde  op|n  hxz
sEkNt	wYt  hWs  nuz  kanfrxns  w|T  sxm  b@d  nyuz
fcr  Dx 
bYErakrxsi    fyuX  gxvXm|nt  wIrkXz  @nd  x  sl@St
fEdXL    perol  lEsli  stcL  riports 
	   Dx  prEz|dNt  star&|d  cf  wID
xn  xnWnsm|nt  D@&  hi  pl@nz  tU
ridus  fEdXL  EmploYmNt  bY  sIksti  Dri  THWzNd  In  tu
yIrz  N    Jxst>  tu  yIrz  Diz  rid^kSNz  wL  sev  Dx
t@kspeXz  w^n  pcYnt  Tri  bILyN
dalXz	m|lYInz  xv  xmErIkNz    txde  hxv  h@d  tx
tYtN  DEYr  bElts  bikcz  xv  Di  ikonam|k
kandISNz  @n  |ts  tYm  tx  pUt  wcS|Gt|n  cn
a  dYIt  tu
	hi  wxz  @s:t  wEn  h|z
ikonam|k  progr@m  wUd bxgIn  tu  produs
rIzclts
	wir nat pramxs|G @ni Instxnt
kyuxr	wi  dont  b|liv  D@&  |n  x  m@&X  xv  sEvrL
mxnTs	cr  ivN  xN  Dx  fIrst  yIr		
wir  gonx  si  mor  D@n  bigIn|G  sYnz	x  xv
rikxvri  bxt  wi  du  biliv

026

D@tx	En @z  Di 
If  Di  Ikan|miz  ar  p@st  hwItS  @n  De  SUd
bi  @n Di  t@ks  progr@m	wi  SUd  bigIn  tx 
si  sxm  ifEks Y  wUd  TIGk  bY  Dix  e&itu
yIr 
	sxm  ripor&Xz  wIr  TrE&n|G  tu
bcYkat	Dx  nuz  kanfrIns  sIns  kwEStxnXz  wX
pIkt  xhE&xv  tYm  bY  x  la&Xri b^t>  De
d|Nt	  Dx  priCuzIG  dId  sim  To  tx  s@p  Dx 
sESxn  xv  spantE^nex&i    @n  It  produst  sxm
akw|rd  momNts  fcr  Dx  prEz|d|nt

035

@n  nW  x  JIm  gxrst|nst@G	no  we&x  mInxt  Ym
sari
Y lUkt @t> wxn NstEd xv Tri 
Jim  sarIY	tam  difr@nk
	sxm  ripor&Xz  hum
p@st  prEz|dNts  simd  dxlIbXxtli  tu
avcYd	wIr  CozN  bY  latXi	wxn  xv DEm@@ 
@s:t xbWt Dx prEz|dInts xpcYtmNts 
	d|d  yu min  tx  g|v  x  sIgnL  tU  aDX
r|pxblIkNz  D@t  |f  De  dont  kNfcrm  cf  w|L  go  DEx  hEdz

046

	hWdyu  se  D@t  xbWt  a  swit  fElx  lYk  mi
	    @nd  hwat  xbWt
Dx  rYt  tu  lYf  ISu
	ar  yu  apozd  tx  kar
kantrasEpSN  hwISwIC  cso  dInYz  Dx  rYt  tx
lYf
	no Y  @m  nat
	DEr  wxz  x  kwEStN  cn
xborSN  @n  cn  hW  p^blIk  cfISLz  SUd  ditErm|n
wEn  x  lYf  bigInz
	fyu  fWn  x  badi  cn  Dx  strit
@ndyu  dIdNt  no  wEDX  It  wxz  dEd  cr
xlYv	wUdNt  yu  cpt  cn  Dx  bes|z
D@t  It>  wxz  xlYv  N  nat  start  S^vl|n  dIrt  cn
It	^ntIl  wi  ditErm|n	@n  mek  tx  Dx  bEst  xv
ar  abIli&i  e  ditXmIneSN  xv  wEn  lYf
bigInz wiv bIn apt|G an Dx bes|z D@t 
wEL lEs kansIdX  It Der  nat  xlYv 
Y  TInk    D@t  EvriTIG |n  Wr  sxs@Yx&i

062	
 

kcLz fcr aptIG D@t DEY mYt bi xlYv
		Dx prEzxdInt
h@z xpcYn&xd sEvrxL @ntYxbcrSN   
lidXz	tx kiposts In Dx gxvXmInt
frxm wEr Dev bIn wIrk|G tu kIl fEdXaL
progr@mz D@t
dIstrIbyut kantrxsEptIvz @n: tiC f@mli pl@n|G
@n Indid Doz progr@mz h@v bIn kUt b@k N Dx
prEz|dInts EkxnamIk prxpozLz    lEzli stcL si bi Es
nyuz Dx wYt hWs   
	 lebcr sEkr|tEYri danxWIn tcLd x
kxngrESNL hnIr|G txde D@t bxJIt kxtz  fcr pxbl|k jab
progr@mz wUd Nkris xnImploYm|nt frxm Dx
prEzNt sEvN poY t Tri pXsEnt tU sEvN poYt fYv
pXsEnt
	
070
	danUv|n difEnd|n& Dx sl@S xz nat partIkyuLXli 
hyumen bx nEsxs@ri fxr Dx Ikan|mi      tu gxvXm|nt
ripcrts tUde Sod  m,pruvm|nts |n ki sEgm|nts
xv Dx xkan|mi bxt Dx CenJ|z wX tu slYt tU kaz
mxC  apt|mIzm Dx lebX 
dipartmNt sEd Dxt hol sEYL prYs|z roz et tEnTs
xv a wxn pXsEnt  N fEbruEri 
dWn wxn tEnT xv wxn pX sEnt frxm J@nyuwEriz Inkris
bx fEbruEriz fIgYXz stIL wXks Wt tx @n @nyuL 
NfleSN ret xv xbWt tEn pXsEnt   @n: Dx
di`partmNt sEd D@t xnImploYmNt drapd wxn tEnT xv wxn
pXsEnt

080
	
tu sEvN pcYt Tri pXsEnt l@st mxnT cLDo tineJ
Jablxsnxs roz tu nYntin pcYt Tri pr ,sEnt
Dx gxvXnXz xv et mejX c&o |ndxstri
 stets mEt w|T prEz|dNt regN tude tu dIscxs    Dx
plYt xv DEYr kNstICuints N Dx gxvXnXz |rJd Dx
prEzxdInt  tu n|goSiet
w|T J|p@n x vclxnteri lImxt an Eksports tx Di yunY&|d stets
 Dx stak markxt wxz mIkst txde     

089
	
Dx regN @dm|n|streSN txde sEt Dx stEyJ fcr
x meJX fcrIn
pal|si b@&L w|T kcGgrxs I xnWnsd
pl@nz tx sEL sWdi xrebia xdISNL EkwIpmNt tx Nkris Dx
renJ @n  xt@k pWX xv Di Ef fIftin JEt fY&Xz xLrEdi
 ordXd bY Dx s@wdiz     Dx stet diparmNt sEd DEt Dx
xpruvL x xv  Ekstra larJ fyuL t@nkz @n Eyr&xEYr mIsLz Iz
nidxd tx kWn&X e sErixs dxtirioreSN xv xmEr|kN sekYX|&i
Intr|s: |n Dx riJN

100
	
IzrixL krIt|sYzd Dx yu Es d|siZN seIG 
|t w|L Eskxlet e mIdL ist armz res N |ndenJX
 |zriLz sEkyX|ti      mcr cn Dx stcri frxm dY@n
scYyX

	stet dipartmNt cf|SLz se Dx mIl|t@ri
EkwIpmNt fcr sadi xrebia |z part xv x bIgX pl@n
dizYn tu stebLYz Dx pXZN gcLf @nd ivEnSyuLi
NSX x yu Es mIl|tEri prEzNs Der wIT DIs In mYnd Dx stet
dipartmNt w|L @sk kaGgrxs nEkst wik fcr @n Inkris N
sikYX|&i xs:Istxns xv xbWt tEn pX sEnt      Inkrist
mIl|teri ed nat Jxst fcr scdi xrebix @nd IzriL bxt fcr
iJ|pt  oman t|niZa somalia kinya @n: morakx @z
wEL     

112
	
reg|n ofISLz |nsIst mIL|teri Inkris|z ar nidxd tu 
kcmb@t soviEt genz  N  @fg@n|st@n  sWT yEmxn iTiopia
@n: tu krWntX soviEt mIsLz emd @t Dx gclf @n: soviet
trups cn Di Iranixn bcrdX    cL sYnz De se xv
kripIG soviEt InfluEns      DIs wxz Dx sem Tim 
Dx prEz|dNt strxk thxde @     
hz, nuz kanfr|ns hwEn hi
wxz @skt xbWt EL s@Lvxdcr
@n d|skrYbd Dx kyub|nz @n soviyEts    DIs we    



++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
119

Doz huW arqn Jxst eYmI~G @q EL saLv|dor bxqt aY
TI~k  ar eYmI~G  @t x Dx hoWl xv sE~trL, n, pasIbliY
leY&r, s@WT xmEriYkHx @~n: aYm
SUr iYvE~nCL,liY     ncrD xmerxkx bxqt   x DIs |z wat
wiYr duWI~G |z traYI~G tx stHap    x DIs diYsteYbL,aYzI~G
fcrs  xv    tHErr,|zm, @~n: gr,IL,lx wcrfEr    
	Dx prEz|dI~nqt xge~n ruWw/d @Wt Dx Yus xv xmEr|k|n
trups I~n EL saLv|dcr   iYvn, tHu proWtEk Dx
xmer|kH|n EdvaYzr,z huW ar DeYr

127
	wiY riYL,laYz  D@qt DeYr |z x rIsk n, xdeY~Jr,    
nx~n xv DE~m wL, biY goWI~G |~tHuW kHamb@qt  wiY kH@~q
aYm sariY tHu seY   meYqk qIt rIskfriY  bxq wiY SaL duW ar
x ar xqmoWst tHx proWvaYd fcr DeYr seYf&iY
	
137	
	faYnL,liY Dx prEz|dn,t wxz @skt If h|z txf tck cn
 EL saLvxdcr    maYq rivaYv Dx kH@~mVpHeYn CarJ D@q hiY
|z x wcr ma~Ggr,    
	aY d|qn,q start Dx EL saLv|dcr TI~G  aY |~nhEr|&|d
Iqt   @~n: Dx priYvixs xdmIn|streYSn, hwIC prabxbliY wxz xz
voWsIfrxs @z E~niYwxn n, tckI~g xb@Wqt maY xV TrEqt tHu piYs
DeY wr, duWI~G hwxq wiYr duWI~G   sE~ndI~G eYd tHx EL
saLvxdcr xv Dx seYm kaY~d xv eYd Dat wiYr sE~ndI~G  @~dx aYv
b|~n hIr mcr D@~n sIks wiYks n@W n, h@vn,t faYr,d x Sat


140
	yuw Es xfISL,z seY D@qt EL saLvxdcr h@z prc~mVt|d
eY riYvalyueYSx~n xv sE~trL, xmerIka sIm|lr, tHU Dx
riYevaLyueYSx~n xv Dx 
pHr,Zn,   gc:f     DeY seY xnxDr, kHc~qpriYhEns|v eYd
pH@k|J DIs wx~n fcr gwaq&xmala kHoWsthxrIka @~n: ha~ndurxs
|z naW x~ndr, kHa~nsIdr,eYSn, @z wEL     daYA~n scyr,
siY biY Es nuWz @q Dx steYt diYpartmn,t
	
147
	Dx stcriY &xdeY |~n @ql@~&x |z fxmILyr, @~n CILl|~G
sr,Cr,z DEYr seYh DeY xv faWn: Dx badiY cv x bl@k CaYLd
|~n x qeriYx s@WT iYst xv
d@W~ntH@W~n     bxq DeY do~q noW
|fI&Iz D@q xv wx~n xv tHuW mIsI~G bl@k CILdr,n  naYqtiYn xDr,
bl@k  CILdrn,  h@v b|~n mr,dr,d sE~s JuWlaY naYntiYn
sE~vn,&iY  naYn  Dx eriYx hwEr  DIs badiYz hxz
bI~n f@Wd |z I~n diY kHaLb kHaW~&iY wEr x~nxDr,
badiY wxz f@W~d jxst TriY wiYks xgoW    Dx supriYm kHcrt
h@z riYfyuzd tx blak Dx skEJyuLd EKs|kYuSn, xv kx~nvIkt|d
mr,dr,o/r stiYvn, JuWdiY Dx I~ndiY@~nx steYt suWpriYm kHcrt
klE~m|~siY  kHxmISn,  cLsoW riYfYuzd xpiYLz c~n
JuWdiYz biYh@f      gxvr,nr, rabr,t cr sEd hiY wL, naq I~&r,viYn
cL xv hwIC meYks qIq xpiYr laYqkliY  D@qt   JuWdiY wL, daY
mx~ndeY   @~n: D@ts faYn w|T juWdiY bab fcL riYpcrts
	
160
	
stiYv JuWdiY |z rEdiY tHx daY fcr wxt hiY dId     Dx
naytiY~n sEvn,&iY naYn reYp @~n mr,dr, nIr mcrzsv|L I~ndiY@~nx   xv
x yx~G mxDr,  @~n Dx mr,dr, I~n p@~n|k xv h~r, TriY yx~G
CILdrn,



163
	a^:m nat r|spa~s|bL, qEni mcr fcr wxt   a dUW  A~n
soWE DEYv gat DEYr C@~ns naW DeY bE&r, kIL miY
	
	@~n: hiY SUd biY kILd sEz Dx m@~n huWz f@~m|liY  stiYv
JuWdiY dIstrcYd
	|~n maY maY~nd stiYvn, JuWdiYz @~n @~n|mL,
	
	bxt tHu h|z xdapt|d f@~m|liY stiYv JuWdiY |z cLsoW x
vIkt|m  x  pradxk dxv xbroWkn, hoWm x haY skuWl drap@Wt
huW nEvr, gat Dx hELp D@t hiY niYd|d    
	DeYrz @~n  ImoWSn,L,     x   l^vI~G xm   gaY DEr   hiY
noWz DIt scmT|~ns rc~G w|T h|m hIqs|z soWsaYIdiyz D@tz
nat rEdiY tHx diYL w|T pHiYpL, laYk h|m   
	wat soWsaYitiY wxz rEdiY tHx duW wxz sE~qn,z h|m tHx
daY |n Dx ElEktrIk CeYr @~n:  stiYv JuWdiY wUd r@Dr, D@qt
DE~n tHx spE~nd Dx rEs txv h|z laYf |~n x sEL   
	   nc a:m nat faqn, Dx^m oWvr, DIs n,soW DeYv ga&x
dUW  qIq n@W
	

176
	bxt Dx xmEr|kHn, sIvL, lIbr,tiYz yuWnyn,  sEz
Eks|kYUSn,z ar mcrL,iY liYgL,iY @~n soWSL,iY  rc~G E~n |z
dEsprxtliY traY|~G tHx stap juWdiYz iYvn, DoW hiYz tcLd DE~m
naq tHuW    
	hiYz nct x vEriY gUd JxJ cvfx x wxq |z |~n h|z
oWn bEst I~ntrEsts   h|z wISz, ar nat DI ISuW   wxt Iz
I~nvcLvd hIr Iz nct x suW|saYd  baY stiYvn, JuWdiY b^t
a noWfISL, sEr|moWniYL,   ha~m|saYd baY DxstI& xv
I~ndiY@~nx  
	soW Dx ISuW hIr |z nat Jxsqt e trxbL,d 
vaYxln,t m@~n  
	DEYrz noW scro n, m|x  (??)

186	
	Dx ISuW |z cLsoW kH@p|&L, pHxn|Smn,t   
	qIt meY tHx sx~m biY rIvE~nJ tHuW xs qIts x
nEs|sriY dxtr,|nt   @~n qIts clsoW Dx oWnliY weY  tHx
priYvE~nt  DiYz kaYnz xv piYpL, frx~m kHxmI~G  b@k tHu TrEtn,
soWsaYI&iY tHx kHIL xgE~n  
	leYt tHUdeY @ftr,  Dx steYt suWpriYm kHcrt xphELd Dx
I~ndiY@~nx  dET pE~nL,tiY lc:   @~n @ftr, xnxDr, I~mpHaSn,d
xpiYL fr^~m stiYvn, JuWdiY tHu Dx eY siY EL yuW nat tHuW
I~n,rfIr Dx eY siY EL yuW TruW |~n Dx t@w: kHn,kluWdI~G D@t
qiq h@z noW liYgL, cTcrI&iY
tHx reYz xbjEkSn,z D@q stiYvn, JuWdiY wUd nat reYz
CErC liYdr,s DoW pl@~nd  vIdJuL,z r,Jd kHx~mpH@Sn,    Dx
kHc~nvIkt|d kHIlr, wa~ns niYDr,
	hwaY lEq mi teYk sxmbxdi ELs laIf n@W    DEv gat DEr C@~ns
n@W lEq Dxm stap miY n@W
	

195
	@~n n@W qIt siYmz sr,t|n Dx steYt wIL   b@b fcL    siY
biY Es nuWz I~ndYx~n@pcLIs  


196
	ern, liY oWn,s sEd tHxdeY aY doW~q noW h@W aY fiYL
aY riYli doW~nqt noW h@W aY fiYL b^& iY I~nsIs&|d aYm naq m@&
xt qE~niYbxdiY bxt cmoWst x dEkHeYd xgoW hiY wxz wx~n xv
tHuW mE~n kHx~nvIkt|d qI~n x dr^g rileY&|d mr,dr, @z JEriY
boWn, ripcrts oWn,z h@z mcr riYzn, D@~n moWst tHuW biY
@~GriY w|T Dx sIstHm,

	erI~n  liY  oWn,z  wc:kt  |~ntHuWn,  oWkl|~nd  kHcrqruWm
tHxdeY  naYn  yIrz  xv  prIzn,  biYhaYnd  hIm  fcr  x
dxbL,  mr,dr, 
hiY  dId nat  kHxmIt      x  m@~n  kHn,vIkt|d  baY
pr,Jr,d tHEst|moWniY  @~n:  hz,
oWn  rImarkxbL,  rIzE~mbln,s  tx  Dx  riYL  kHILlr,  huW  pHcliYs  seY
qIz  stIL  q@t  larJ  h|z  rELxtIvz  wr,  I~n  Dx  kHcrtruWn  tHuW
@z  Dx  crIJn,xL  sE~qn,zI~G  JxJ  huW  d|kl@Ynd  tx  biY  fo&cgr@fd
sEq  oWn,z  friY

207
	If  yu"W  wr,  rc~GliY  kHx~nvIkt|d  wiY k@~nat  rIpHeY  y|r  lcs
bxq  wi  kH@~n  seY  wUT  sxm  praId   D@t  Dx  seYm  sIstH|m  D@q  f@W~nd
yu  q@q  fcq  kH@~  n@W  sEq  yuW  fYr,friY        
	oWn,z  wxz  E~mbreYst  baY  hz,  mxDr,  mcbd  baY  rIpcr&r,z
@z  hiY  tHUk  h|z  fIrst  stEps  tHcrd  friYdx~m        friYdx~m  wx~n
baY  Dx^  crIJn,xL  prasIkYuW&r,  |~n  Dx  kHeYs  huW  leY&r,  sxksEsfxLliY
fct  fcr  oWI~nz  riYliYs    
	aY  wa~na  meYgV  x  steYqmI~t  @~n  D@ts  D|t  x    aYm  nat
gcYnx    spE~n:  tHuW  mxC  tHaYm  wIC  yuW  pipL,  kaWz
a:  wx~na  gEq @w&x  hiYr   @~n:  siY  wxq&|s  laYk  tx  biY  friY  
	@~n&@ftr,  nIrliY  x  dEkeYd    |~n  prIzn,    oWn,z  huW
huW  @dmIts
hIz  p@st  h@z  bI~n  wx~n  xv  kraYm      pHxliYs  seY  wx~n
xv  dr^g  diYlI~G    oWn,s  cLsoW  noWn  baY  x    h@f  dxzn,  eYliEs|s
h@d  h|z  oWn  Tcts  x~n  Dx  sIstm,      

218
	  xaYo~q  nEvr,  fr,gEt      x        aE
wxz  tWE~&iYqeYt  yIrz  oWLd
@~n:  DeY  TruW  miY  n,  fULsx~m  prIzn,      x  aY  bIn  st@:bb  aY
bI~n  |~n  raY|ts  aY
bI~n  n,  faYqn,  @~n  dIdn,q  iYvn,  noW  wUt  aY  wxz  faYqn,  xb@Wt
aY  Jxs  h@d  tHx
kHip  pHiYpL,  frx~m  faYqn,  DiYz  TI~Ggz  x  wUdn,  qx  h@pn,d  tHuW
miY            I  f  qIt  wxzn,t  fcr  Doz    piYpL,  na^t
duWI~n  DeYr  Jab
prapHr,liY
	nat  oWnliY  dId  oWn,z  noW    hiY  wxz  InoWs|~t  dr,|~G  h|z
prIzn,  yIrs hiY @kC|LliY  lr,nd    Di  aYdE~n|&iY      xv
Di  alEJd  kILr, frx~m  h|z  kHoWdIfE~ndn,t  qI~n  Dx  kHeYs bxq  fcr
riYzx~nz  hiY  kHUd  nat
IkspleYn    tHxdeY  riYzcnz  beYst  c~n  D@t  prIzn,  mcrL,  kHoWd
hWIC  br@~nz  fcrTkHxm|~G  I~nmeYts  @z  snIC|z
er|n  liY  oWn,z  rIfYuWzd      tHx  tc:k    oWn,z  rIliYs  kHeYm
oWnliY  wE~n  Dx  kHoWdIfE~n&n,t  stIL  |~n    prIzn,  aYdE~ndIfaYd
xnxDr,  m@~n  @z  h|z
xlEJd  parqnr,  JEriY    boW|~n  siY  biY  Es  nuWz    qoWkln,d

229
	rIsr,Cr,z  EstH|meYt  D@t  oWvr,  Dx  p@st  TriY  dEkeYdz
mILyI~nz  xv  wIm|~n  h@v bI~n triY&xd  wIT  sI~nTE&Ik
hormoWnz tHx
prIvE~t  x~nwa~&|d  xbcrSn,z    I~n  Dx  p@st 
stUdiYz h@v  SoWn
D@&  |kspoWZr,  tHu  Dx  hcrmoWnz biYfcr bIrT  meYks  @~n|ml,z  mcr
xgrEsIv  @z  xdcts    n@W  x  nuW  ripcrt  baY  rxqgr,z
yuWn|vr,s|&iY  saYkHcLlxJ|st    saYn,s  m@gxziYn  sez  Dx  seYm
TI~G  kHUd h@pH|n  tHx  hYuWmn,z D@&  xp  tHx  twEcv  mILyn,  pr,sxnz
huWz mxDr,z  yuWzd  Dx  hcrmoWnz    h@v  x  mxC  greY&r,
poWtEnCL, fcr
xgrESn,  D@^n  xDr,z    bxqt  Dx  stxdiY  @dz  |~n  hYumE~nz  sxC
biheYvyr,  wUd  biY  tE~mpr,d  baY  lIrn|~G  E^kspZIr|~,s
@~d  xDr,  E~nvaYrcnmE~n&L,  f@ktr,z    

238
	Dx  YuW  E~n  JE~nr,xL  xsE~mbliY  txdeY
yuWn@~n|mxsliY  E~ndcrst  tHuW rEzUluWSn,z  kHclI~G  fxr
s@~kSxnz xg@~st    s@WT
@frIkHx  &x  fors  D@t  kHx~triY  tx  gIv  xp kHx~ntroL xv  n@~mIbiYx
Dx xsEmbliY kHcLd x~n Dx s|kYr,|&iy kH@W~nsL, tHx
kHxnviYn  qr,JE~nqliY tHx  kHx~nsIdr,  Dx  m@&r, Dx 
yxnaY&|d  steYqs  xbsteY~nd c~n boWT  voWqs      l@sd  naYq  x
.br
(Note:  Reset  f0  here)	
.br
siY  biY  Es  nuWz  |~nvEst|geYSn, lUkt I~n tHx pr,sIst|~t   riYpcrts
D@t mUstiriYxs  fL@Sxz  xv  laYt cf Dx SaWT  @fr|kHn,
kHoWst n, leYqt
sEvn,&iY  naYn        @qCyLliY  meY  h@v  bI~n  x  nuWkliYxr  tHEst
tHunaYqt  x~n  Dx  sEkH|nd  par&  xv  xr  rIpcrt rxbr,t  pHIYrpHcY~qt
tHeYks x lUk @q kHx~nflIkt|~G  EksplxneYSn,z  fcr  DoWz  laYq
fl@S|s    @~n:  huW  meY  h@v  bI~n
r|spx~s|bL,  fcr  D|m      

248

	mcr  D@~  tHE~n  m^~nDs  @ftr,  Dx  yuW  Es  spaY  s@&L,
laYqt kHaLd veYlx  spa&|d  wxt  xpIrd  &x  biY e nuWkliyr,  bl@sqt
cf Dx    kHoWst  xv  s@WT  @frIkx    ^  pE~nL,  xv
saYn,tH|s:t xsE~mbL,d   baY Dx  kHar&r,  waY&  H@Ws  tHuW
|~nvEstH|geYqt  Dx  I~ns|d|~t
kHx~nkluWd|d  D@t  Dx  tHELtHeYL laYq  fl@S|z    meY  hxv  bI~n  kHczd
baY eY tHaYniY  miYtHiycraYq kHUlaYd|~G  w|T  Dx  speYs  kr@ft  @~nd
riflEkt|~G  sx~nlaYt I~ntHuW Iqs k@~m|rxz      hwaYL  nat  ruWLli~G  @Wqt
eY nuWkliYr, IksploWZn,  @z  Dx  kHcz Dx p@~^nLz CErmx~n
I~nsIs&|d  D@qt  Dx
miYtiycraYt  sen@riYoW  @z |~mprab|bL,  @z  qIt  s@Wnz  meYd  mcr
sE~ns  

256
	wIr  nat  |~n@mcrd xv D@q s  xv D@q  EqksplxneYSn wIr
j|s seY|G  Dxt D@t
siYmz  mcr xpiYLl|G  D@^~n  Dx  xDr,z  wiYv  hIrd      
	bxt  saYn,t|sts  @t  Dx  wUrLdz larJ|st reYdiYoW tHELxskoWp
I~nsIsts  DeYr  waz  kHcrabr|&iv  Ev|dIns    @~n  x~nYuWZyuWL,
gr@v|diY  weYv pIkt xp  baY  Dx  tHel|skoWp      x~n  Dx  seYm  naYt
@~n frx~m  Dx  seYm  JE~nr,L,  dr,EkSn,  @z  Dx  vEla  saY&|~g  x
riYd@Wqt  kHx~nsIst|~t w|T   nuWkliYr,  IksploWZ|~nz    
	cbvyxsliY  DEr  wxz    nxq  abvyIsliY    cLmoWst  sErt|~nliY
DeYr  wxz  x  larJ  I~nflxks    xv  E~n|rJiY    s^~mhwer  oWvr,
saWT  @frIkx    @&  xb@Wt  Dx  tHaYm    Dx  veYLlx
s@&L,laYqtH| sc  q|ts 
fl@S
	b^q  dak&r, bI|kiY  wxz  nat  Dx  oWnliY  krI&|k xv Dx
waYqh@ws  ripHcrq      siY  aY  eY  @~nL,|sts  huW mcr  D@~n  tHuW  yIrz
xgoW  kHx~nkluW&|d D@t s@WT  @frIkx prabibliY  h@z  nuWkliYr, wEpHx~zs
tHcLd  sxlEkt  mEmbr,z  xv  kHc~gr|s    D@t Dx  s@WT  @fr|kxn  neYviY
wxz  kHxndxkt|~G  siYkrEt  mxnuWvr,z I~n DiY  EriYx c~n Dx  naYq  xv  DiY
I~nsId|~nq    eY  neYviY  EkwIpt  wIT  IzreYliY meYd rES|v
kL@s mIsL, boWqs @~n  geYbriYL,  mIsxLz      kHeYp|bL,  xv  kHEriy|~G
nuWkliyxr warhEdz    DE~n  Dx  dIfE~s  I~ntHEliJn,s
eYJnsiY liYkt  qIts
oWn  rIpcrqs      kHx~nkluWd|~G  Dx  fl@S  prxb|bliY  kHeYm  frxm
nuWkliYxr  |ksplowZn,    xv  b|twiYn  wx~n  @~n  TriY  kHILl|tHxnz    

274

ScrqliY  @ftr,  D@q xnx~Dr, rIpcrt  liYkt DIs wx~n x
siYkrit  TriY hx~ndr|d
peYJ  @~n@Ll|s|s  baY  Dx    yuW  Es  neYvL,  l@brxtcriY  xv
qx~ndr,wa&r,  sIgnL,z ditEkt|d  @q  Dx  tH@Ym  xv  Dx
vEla  saY&|~G Dx
l@bz  d|rEktxr  kHx~nkluW&|d    Dx  sIgnL,z  wIr  ditHEk&xd
@t  Dx
raYq  tHaYmz  @~n  h@d  Dx    aprxks|m|t  kHar|ktr,Ist|ks    xv  x
nuWkliyr,  EksploWzqx~n    Dx  Ev|dn,s  |z  strc~G  Inxf  tHx  meYk  Dx
kHeYs  i~n  |ts  oWn  raYt  |t  wxz  cLsoW  lIrnd  D@q Dx n@Sn,L,
tHEkn|kxL  I~nfcrmeYSnL,  sIrv|s x kHaYd  xv  stcrh@Ws xv nc~n
kl@s|faYd  &@&x        oWp|~nd  tHx  Dx  pHxbl|k    h@d  bIn  fIlI~G
sEvrxL  sxbskraYb,rz  rikwEsds  fcr  d@tx    kHx~nsErn|~G
diYtHEkSn,  @~n  kH@W&r,mEZr,z  fcr nuWklIY|r  IkslpoWZn,z
mIsL,  tHEknaloJiY    n@v|geYSn, gaYd|~s  @~n  kHn,trcl  xv
wEpx~nz  @~n:  aYrcnIkliY      &@&x  kHx~nsIrnI~G  Dx  fl@Yq  pl@~nz
priYdIkt|d  crbIt  plats @~n apr,eYSn,z  xv  Dx  vEla  s@&L,laYq    wx~n
sxbskaYbr,  wxz  Dx  dIfE~s  @tHaSeY xv  Dx  s@WT  @fr|kn,  E~mbxsiY
|~n  wcS|~GtHxn  

286
	    hwxq&Evr,  Dx  I~ntHEL|Jn,s kHxmyUn|&iY  h@z
bIn  tHELl|~G  piYpxL a~n DiY 
@WtsaYd  x  If  DeY  h@v @~n aY doW~q noW  c      xb@Wt wxq
DIs |z r, |zqn,  beYst  aYm  Sr,  a~n
DeYr  x  JxJm|~nt beYst c~n cL  deY&x qIts  naq Dxt DeYv n,kluWd|d
I~ntHEl|JE~ns  deY&x  D@t wiY dcW~qt h@v
	bxq  wx~n  wUd  xsYum  Dxt  DeY  h@v  @ksEs Dxt DeY
h@d @ks|s tHx Dx seYm d                 
	DeYr w^z n^T|~G DErz  nxT|~G &x  Dxt D@qt wiY dId
D@qt DeY  doW~q  noW    @~n:  aY  TI~k
wiYv  prab|bliY &|d xm mcr  Tr,oW  x~n@~l|s|s D|~n wxz Evr,  dx~n  bIfcr
xb@Wt  DIs IyvE~t      
	craYt @~n @~n   yEqt
	DEz  nxT|~G  D@t DeY noW  tHx  maY  nalIJ @~n aYm
kwaYq  Sr,  |z  kHxrEkt  Dxt DeY h@v Dxt wiY do~qt noW  
	craYq  @~n  yEt  
	piYpL,  kHn,  kHx~m  tHx  dIfr|~t  JxJmx~s  c~n  Dx  seYm
deY&x  
	q@n @~n  xp@r|~nqliY  h@v  Dx sE~ntrxL n,tHEL|JI~s  xeYJn,siY
	 qaY d
	diYfE~ns  n,tEll|Jn,s eYJnsiY wxd yuW seY
	ay ay  TI~k  aYd  biY  x  lI&L, kHErfxL  xb@Wq
D@q yuWd bE&r, biY  Sr, D@q yr, 
seY|G  Dx  eYJn,siYz h@v naq  qI~nd|vIJuxLz  I~n  Di  eYJn,siY  

298
	aYm  seY|~G  @~nL,Ists  w|TI~n  Dx    sE~ntrL,
I~ntHEl|Jn,s  eYJn,siY  
	D@q  meY  biY  Dx  kHeYs    bxq Dxf
        Dx dIfE~s n,tHELl|Jn,s eYJn,siY
	D@q  meY  biY  Dx  kHeYs  aY  doW~q DxDeYr ar s, 
dIfr|~t  piYpL,  lUk|~G  @t  Dx  seYm  deY&x  aYm Sr, kH@~n
kHxm  xp WID  sx~mwxt  dIfr|~t JxJmE~ts 

301

	aY&ELyuW wIYr naq dEfn,|qliY seY|~G qIq w^szn,t @~n DeYr nxt
dEfn,|tliY    seY|~G qIt w^z  
	b^t DxkWESt|n pr,zIsts dId Dx waYt h@Ws wIThocd
|~,fIrmeYSn, frx~m daktr, beliYnx q@~n: Dx p@~^nL, a~,
JI@~nuWEriY tWE~&iY fIrst xv DIS yiYr lx~ndx~nz  r|spEkt|d
nuWzpeYpr, DiY iYkHc~nxm|st   pHxbl|St d@~n xn@~n|m|s dIsp@C
leYbL,d  kHa~nfIdE~CL,  |~n Its forI~n rIpHcrq nuWzlE&r,
kHxn,kluWd|~G       IzriYL, n@W h@z xz mEniY @z tHuW
hx~ndr|d  nuWkliYar
wEpH|ns  @n: Dxt DiY qIzreYLliYz h@v n,diYd bIn kHoWapr,eY&|~G w|T
s@WT @frIkHx @~n tHaYwa~n c~n Dx dIvELlxpmI~s xv  mIsL, dIlIvr,iY
sIstxmz I~nfr,meYSn kHn,fIrmd tHuW siY biY Es nuWz baY
I~ntHEL|J|~ns scrs|z  DiY iYkHa~n|mIst dIsp@C goWz @~n &x
seY fcr|~n rIpcrt bIliYvz prEz|d|~t  kHar&r, wIThELd
|~ntHELl|Jn,s    rIpHcrts
xb@Wt DIs kHoWapHr,eYSn,  frxm DiY I~nd|pHEndn,t p@~nL,
xv EkspIrts  IzriYL @~n s@WT @frIkHx h@v ISuWd ruWtHIYn
dInaYxLz 

314

D@t wxz faloWd WiYks leY&r, baY rIpcrts xv xnxDr, xnyuWZuL,
qI~ns|d|~t |~n Dx s@WT xql@~&|k  DIs wxn x fl@S xv
I~nfrxrEd reYdiYeYSn,
dEtEkt|d baY @~n IrliY warn|~G s@&L,laYqt l@s: dIsE~mbr,
fIftiY~T x JoWh@~n|sbr,g nuWspHeYpr, kwoW&|d yuW Es
I~ntHELl|Jn,s oWfISL,z @z seY|~G qIt wxz kHczd baY x
nuWklixr IksploWZn,  bxt Dx steYt dIpHarqmn,t @~n: Dx
pHe~n|ga~n bleY~md x miY&iYxr
	a~:m  wiY biYliYv D@t DiY  iYvE~nt kwoWqt iYvE~qt wxz n@Cr|L
@~n naq m@~nmeYd 

321
	Dx dIsE~mbr, I~ns|dI~qt h@z naq kHczd Dx waYth@Ws
p@nL, tHx riYIv@WyuWleYt qIts kHxnkluWZn, D@& eY miYtiyr,
prab|bliY csoW kHczd  Dx
sEptHE~mbr, naYqtiY~n sEvn,tiY naYn fl@S daktr, lEnr,d waYs xv
Dx sEn|t sxbkHxmI&iY x~n  nuWkliYxr proWlIfr,eYSn, tHcLd  siY biY Es
nuWz hiY wxz skEptIkHxL xb@Wqt D@q faY~ndI~G sIks mx~Ts xgoW 
	aYm x lI&L, x~ sUpraYzd q@t Dx ziYL    hwIC s^m
pHiYpL h@v traYd tHU a aqaq brI~G tHU Dx kwEStHn, avf
pruWvI~G D@t DIs w^z naqt x nuWkliYr, iYvE~t qaqa aY miYn aY
sr,tHE~nliY DEYr qIz x w^z priYzE~n&|d qIf qIt w^z x
nuWkliYr, qiYvE~t qIt priYzE~s x greYt pHoWlI&|kHxL prabl|~m
fcr Dx yuWnaY&|d steYqts q@~nda q@~nd h@W wiY diYL w|T |z
nat wUd nat biY Dx iYziEst kwEStHn, tHuWa q@ @sk xv
s^mbxdiY @~:nd aY doW~t TI~k qIts pHas|bL, tHuW leY tHuW
rEst DIss a DIs iYvE~t w|D eY ripcrt D@t qIndIkHeYts
gruWp xv pHiYpL, a fiYL D@t   prab|bIL|diY xv Its biY|~G aqa
anuWklixr iYvE~t qIz pr,h@ps greY&r, DE~n h@f @~ndx @~nd cn
D@t beYsIs wiY cWL ct tHuW fr,gE& xb@W& qIt @~n q@~ goW tHuW
sliYp 

336

	Dx reYg@~n HwaYqt h@Ws pl@~ns noW fr,Dr
qI~nvEstHigeYSn, xv iYDr, qInsId|~t rabr,t pHiYrpHoY~t siY
biY Es nuWz waS|~GtH|~n
	Dx pHoWl|S gxvr,m|~t tHUdeY   kH^~ntHInyuWd qIts
kr@kd@W~n     dIs:|dE~ts CarJ|~G foWr xv D|~m xv siYk|~G
Dx vaYol|~t ovr,TroW    kH^~ntriY   @~n xfE~s D@t kHUd miYn
dET miYnhwaYL pHoWl|~ndz larJ|st qI~ndiYpHEnd|~t
sal|deYr|&iY riY@ktH|d diYfaYE~qtliY tHu soWviYEt crdr,z D@t
leYbr, riYbELy^~n biY kUrtHeYLd           liYdr, lEk valEsa
sEd noW w^~n kx~n akYuWz q^s xv bEY~G kH@Wr,dz     plEJd
tHU kHx~ntHInyuW qEfr,ts tHx       dIsa~n|st g^vr,m|~t
xfISL,z  valEsaz bI~n traYn, tHx kHiYp  pHiYs tr@vL,l|G
xraWd Dx       tHu rIzcv loWkHxL d|spYuWts b|fcr DeY b|kH^~m
n@Sn,L, qISuWz

345

	qI~n kHabxL @fg@~n|stH@~n g^~nm|n huW fcr faYv deYz
h@v bI~n hcWd|~G x haYJ@kt pH@k|st@NiY pleYn    a h^~ndr|d
@~n sIkstHiYn pr,sn,s abcrd  kluWd|~G sIks xmEr|kH|~nz Sat
w^~n xv Dx hastIJ|z tHxdeY @~n TruW hm, a~ntHuW D, r^~nweY
Dx vIktI~m x pH@k|st@niY dIploWm@t daYd n, a kHabUL
haspH|&xL, tHuW aWr,z leY&r, Dx TriY haYJ@kr,z geYv
pH@k|st@~n    mcroW mcrn|~G &x miYt   dIm@~d D@&      xv
DEYr frEnz @n rELl|tHIvz   rIliYst fr^~m pH@k|st@niY JeYL,z
b^t DeY dIdn,qt seY w^q DeY wUd duW DE~n
	speYs oWfISL,z       ar kHa~nfIdn,s qIz groW|~G soW
DeY sEd D@t gIvn, noW nuW sr,praYz|z   nuW prabl|~mz   meYn,
lc~C xv Dx speYs SIp kHoWl^~mbiYa SUd tHeYk pleYs c~n
skEdJuL  Dx wiYk xv eYprIL sIksT IrliYr, DIs wiYk
riYpHEr|~G Dx EkstHr,nL, fYuWL tH@~k  ^n^~Dr, diYleY fcr Dx
S^&L, cWrEdiy TriY yIrz biYhaY~d skEdJuWL GIvn, Dx
pHasIbIL|diy xv xn^Dr, hIC   cfISL, kHcSn,d maY pHr,sn,xL
oWpHI~ny^n |z Dx lc~nC w|L biY s^mtHaYm |~n mIdeYprIL

358

DIs |z maY l@st brcdkH@st  @z Dx @~nkr,m@~n xv Dx siY biY Es
iYvn|~G nuWz fcr miY qItz x moWmn,t fcr wIC aY lc~G h@d
pl@~nd b^t hWIC nEvrmD,lEs kH^~mz w|T s^~m s@dn|s fcr
cWmoWst tHuW dEkHeYdz @ftr, cl wiYv bIn miY&|~G laYk DIs
qI~n Dx iYvn|~Gs @~n aYL mIs D@q b^t DoWz huW h@v meYd
EniYTI~G xv DIs diparCr, aY, xfreYd hv meYd tHuW m^C DIs
q|z b^& x tr@~nzISn, x pH@s|~G xv Dx batHc~n x greYq
brcdkH@str, @~n JE~ntLx mx~n    priYsiYd|d miY |~n D|s Jab
@~nd xn^Dr, d@~n r@Dr, w|L faloW @n EniYweY Dx pr,sx~n huW
sIts hIr |z b^t Dx moWst kx~nspIkyuWxs mE~mbr, xv x suWpErb
tiYm xv JUrnL,|sts    riYpcr&r,z qEd|&xrz proWduWsr,z n^~n
xv D@t w|L CeY~J fr,Dr,mcr aYm na& iYvn, goW|~G xweY aYL
biY b@k fr^~m tHaYm tHx tHaYm w|T spESL, nuWz rIpcrts @~n
dakYuWme~&r,iYz @~n bigI~n|~G qIn JuWn   x wiYk wIT ar
saYn,s proWgrAm yuWn|vErs cLd q@~Gkr,mE~n yuW siY doW~q J^s
feYd xweY DeY J^s kHiYp kH^m|~G b@k fcr mcr @~n D@tz Dx weY
 qId iz fraYdeY marC sIksT naY~tiYn qeY&iY w^~n aYL biY
 xweY c~n xsaYnmn,t  d@~n r@Dr, wL, biY sI&|G qIn hIr fcr Dx
nEkst fyuW yIrz gUqnaYqt

372END