XEROX1108 Users Guide23SECTION 1XEROX 1108 OVERVIEWThis section describes the day-to-day operation of the Xerox 1108. Consult subsequent sectionsfor this manual for detailed explanations of the operational procedures sketched below.OPERATIONS OVERVIEWOnce the Xerox 1108 has been properly loaded with Xerox software, its operation is straight-forward. Powering up the Xerox 1108 automatically starts Interlisp-D. When the user has com-pleted a session, he does a (LOGOUT) which saves the state of the current session until thenext time Interlisp-D is started. The process of logging out puts the Xerox 1108 in its base state:a black screen with a small bouncing white window. From this state it is possible to: (a) resumean earlier Interlisp-D session; (b) load fresh versions of Interlisp-D; (c) run machine diagnostics. On Xerox 1108s with sufficient disk storage, more than one Interlisp-D environment can be main-tained on the local disk. Separate software projects can be supported under each environment.To switch from one project to another, (LOGOUT) of the first environment and enter the second.Special software is provided to facilitate this switching back and forth.Occasionally errors and problems arise during the operation of the Xerox 1108. These areusually signalled via the LED lights on the Maintenance Panel. Refer to the section entitled MPCode Summary for help in diagnosing such problems.THE LOCAL DISKThe Xerox 1108 is equipped with a 10, 29, or 42 Megabyte local disk. The disk is formatted intotwo or more logical volumes; the number and size of these logical volumes depends on the sizeof the disk. The disk is partitioned using utility software distributed by Xerox. In subsequentreleases of this software, the user will be able to define the name and size of each logicalvolume.Logical volume Diagnostics contains software for running diagnostics on the display, keyboard,mouse, floppy disk drive, and Ethernet. It also contains a software package, the Lisp InstallationTool, for initializing the local disk with Lisp software and switching back and forth betweenInterlisp-D environments stored on the local disk. Logical volumes Lisp, Lisp2, and Lisp3 can each contain a complete Interlisp-D environment.Although the Xerox 1108 can operate out of only one logical volume at a time, within eachlogical volume an independent software project can be developed. As mentioned, the LispInstallation Tool is used to switch the Xerox 1108 from one logical volume to another. gdpXq@p gd*?dF*j)p(;]s#l[ gV(pD gST gPs gLFORMS.SYSOUT)INSTALLING SOFTWARE FROM FLOPPIESThe process of installing software onto a clean, unpartitioned 1108 disk involves the followingsteps: (a) partitioning the local disk into logical volumes; (b) installing utility software on theDiagnostics volume; (c) installing Interlisp-D sysouts on volumes Lisp, Lisp2, etc,. Steps (a) and(b) are rarely performed. They are required when a major release of Interlisp-D is to be installedor to recover from serious system failure.The Installation Utility floppy is used to perform steps (a) and (b) and to move a sysout fromfloppy to the local disk. The sysout floppy may be a pure Interlisp-D sysout originating fromXerox, or it may be a user-generated sysout, generated by a call to (SYSOUT `{FLOPPY}).When the Installation Utility is 2-booted, a menu of options appears which allows you to select aparticular function. See the section entitled Software Installation for a complete description ofthe Installation Utility.Once software installation is complete, a 1-boot should place the Xerox 1108 in its base stateand the bouncing white window will be seen against a black background.INSTALLING SYSOUTS FROM FILESERVERSTo install a sysout from a fileserver to a Lisp volume on the local disk, use the Lisp Install tool.The Install Tool is activated by pressing the left mouse button when the Xerox 1108 is in its basestate. The Install Tool window allows you to specify the name of the sysout on the fileserver andthe name of the local disk volume into which the sysout will be installed.INSTALLING SYSOUTS FROM THE LOCAL DISKThe Lisp Install Tool can be used to copy one Lisp volume to another. At the completion of thisoperation, both the source and destination volumes will contain identical versions of Lisp. This gdpXq@p gd*?dF*j)p g]N g[@ gW1CS gPW gMCJ gF+s! gBOp-/ g@] g= C g;R g9( g5? g3oP g1;Q g-_-0 g++ M g( g%D g"C g s# g/p&< g R g[ gG gs& g p!; g Q`TVk( XEROX1108 Users Guide27feature is useful for maintaining a "trusted" version of Lisp on a known volume and refreshingthe other volumes with the "trusted" version as the need arises.STARTING LISPEach Lisp volume on the local disk is a complete and separate Lisp environment. Before runningLisp, you must decide which Lisp volume to start executing. If you want to resume running inthe most recently used Lisp volume, simply 0-boot the Xerox 1108. (Recall that power-up doesan automatic 0-boot.) If you want to start Lisp in some other volume, 1-boot into the base stateand activate the Lisp Install Tool. The Install Tool window will allow you to select a Lisp volumeand start it.When Interlisp-D is started for the first time on any volume, it may ask you to supply the name ofan Init file. An Init file contains information that configures Interlisp-D for your installation. Forexample, the file INIT.NONET1108 configures Interlisp-D for an 1108 that is not connected to afileserver. Load the floppy containing INIT.NONET1108 into the floppy drive (consult yourRelease notes to determine which floppy that is) and type {FLOPPY]INIT.NONET1108. If youprefer not to specify an init file, type CR (carriage return.)You may also be prompted for a Pup host ID. For an explanation of this request, see thesubsection entitled The Ethernet below.To terminate an Interlisp-D session, call (LOGOUT). which returns the Xerox 1108 to its basestate.LOADING INTERLISP-D PACKAGESXerox supplies two sets of floppies containing Interlisp-D software packages: Lisp Library, whichcontains software supported by Xerox; and Lisp Users, which contains user-written software notnecessarily supported by Xerox. To load selected files from these floppies, start Interlisp-Drunning from any Lisp volume, insert the floppy containing the file you need into the floppy diskdrive, and use the LOAD function to read the file into virtual memory. For instance(LOAD '{FLOPPY}GRAPHER.DCOM)will load the Grapher package into virtual memory; i.e., the functions and variables defined inthat file will now be defined in Interlisp's virtual memory. Alternatively, connect to the floppydevice with CONN {FLOPPY} and (LOAD 'GRAPHER.DCOM).When a file such as GRAPHER.DCOM is loaded, Interlisp-D attempts to automatically load all thefiles on which GRAPHER depends. Interlisp-D will fail to locate those files if they are stored on a gdpXq@p gd*?dF*j)p g]9 g[= gWs gSpK gQB gOF gMW T gK#G gH gEK gBQ g@3# g>w E g g.{spS g*sp; g&spC g$[ g"[, gs gp N goN g;= gU gG g L g k=tp g 7L lTVk( XEROX1108 Users Guide29number. In essence, each Xerox 1108 has two net host addresses: the 48-bit wired-in NSaddress, and an 8-bit, arbitrarily assigned PUP address. (Note: if a PUP ID Server is running, thePUP host number will be supplied automatically to the Xerox 1108.)Occasionally devices on the Ethernet may fail to communicate. One possibility is that the net,itself, is at fault; e.g., the cable is shorted, the terminators were trampled upon, the Ethernet tapsthemselves contain metallic debris and need to be cleaned, etc. To test that the network is alive,perform the following steps. Use any two machines on the net which are running Interlisp-D. (Ifyou choose an 1100, make sure it is running 10 Megabit microcode.) Call these Machine A andMachine B. On Machine A, type:\MY.NSADDRESSThe value of this variable looks like 0#0.1345.10654#0. Go to Machine B and type:(NS.ECHOUSER '0#0.1345.10654#)Note the number typed is the same as the number given on Machine A without the number afterthe second "#". If the test is successful, you will see a pattern such as:!+!+!+!+!+!+!+!+!+!+!+!+The ! indicates a successful packet transmission; the + indicates the packet was successfullyechoed back. Anything else indicates the net is down. If you suspect the net is shorted, unscrewthe taps, one-by-one, of each machine on the net. When the offending tap has been removed,the each test will display !+!+!+!+!+!.COPYING FILES BETWEEN MACHINESXerox 1108s and 1100s can communicate amongst themselves on the Ethernet. A simple form ofsuch communication is moving files between machines. This operation is PUP based, and assuch requires that PUP host addresses have been assigned to the communicating machines. Forexample, to move file FOO from your machine to a machine with PUP host address 456, withboth machines on the same net, do (COPYFILE 'FOO '{0#456#}FOO)To copy file FOO from filedrawer AI on fileserver ALPHA to a Xerox 1108 on net number 3 withPUP host address 123 while seated at your machine, type:(COPYFILE '{ALPHA:}FOO '{3#123#}FOO) gdpXq@p gd*?dF*j)p g]O g[ L gYw? gU J gSgZ gQ3 0( gN? gLX gJCF gBQC? g;'+, g8GC5 g1;sp1sp& g/< g,E g*$ g&s g"pO g T g@ gK? gC; g_E g+"tpC O(TVk( XEROX1108 Users Guide30Note: file transmission is enabled when the PUPFTP process is running on the target machine.To activate this process, first load FTPSERVER.DCOM from the Lisp Library, then evaluate(ADD.PROCESS '(\FTPSERVER).THE FLOPPY DISK DRIVEThe floppy disk drive is used by the Installation Utility for loading the Xerox 1108 with Lispsysouts recorded on floppy disks. The drive is also supported, with a few restrictions, byInterlisp-D. Consult the section entitled Input Output for a complete description.Interlisp-D defines a device, {FLOPPY}, which allows file operations to be carried out onfloppies. An additional operation, (FLOPPY.FORMAT name) initializes a floppy for writing.Operations such as LOAD, MAKEFILE, COPYFILE, READ, PRINT, and TCOMPL are allsupported. SUMMARYThis section is meant to review the flow of day-to-day operation of your Xerox 1108.Your Xerox 1108 arrives, with its 42 Megabyte local disk prepartitioned. Each of the three Lispvolumes has been loaded with identical versions of the Interlisp-D sysout. The first time youpower up the machine, an automatic 0-boot will start Interlisp-D running on volume Lisp. Havingdefined functions, set the value of global variables, etc., you (LOGOUT), which saves the state ofyour work in volume Lisp. Within a minute or two, the Xerox 1108 enters its "base state", and awhite window bounces across a dark background.You bring up the Install Lisp Tool and start Interlisp-D running from volume Lisp3. You (oranother user) begins a project in volume Lisp3 and eventually logs out. The machine returns tothe bouncing window. You power down the machine and leave for the night.The next day, you power up the machine and do a 1-boot. Within a few minutes, the whitebouncing window comes up. You summon the Install Lisp Tool and restart Interlisp-D fromvolume Lisp3. After a morning's work, you write a sysout to your fileserver, thereby saving thestate of your work. This sysout can be reinstalled into any Lisp volume by using the Install LispTool. A new version of Interlisp-D arrives in the mail. You install the new sysout on volume Lisp2 by2-booting the Installation Utility and selecting the appropriate menu items.A few days later, you wish to experiment with the sysout you saved on your fileserver. You bringup the Install Lisp Tool, type in the name of the file where your sysout is stored, choose the gdpXq@p gd*?dF*j)p g]-* g[: gYw  gUs gQpA gO', gMW t p gI{ F gGGP gE #$= gB g?s g;'pT g7KD g5V g2S g0B g.{V g,G) g(kR g&7+, g$E g 'N g-" g+. gY gW g{+4 gGC g k;$ g 7K VTVk( XEROX1108 Users Guide31logical volume which is to receive the sysout, enter your name and password, and select theInstall File! command. Your sysout is intalled, and you select the Start Lisp Volume! command torun the sysout. gdpXq@p gd*?dF*j)p g]I g[J gYw TVk(6 XEROX1108 Users Guide32Keyboard Drawing gdpXq@p gd*?dF*j)p g]*TVk(& Helvetica Logo Helvetica Helvetica  Helvetica !")!/579j/< :0M69S1.BXknowlesJuly 2, 1984 8:16 AM