Imaging Model Device Independent Synthetic, Scanned and Text Maintain Graphic Arts Quality Imaging Model (classic picture) Color pressed through a mask Mask Specification Color Specification Imaging Operators Systems Issues Mask Specification (Figure showing all types of shapes) Outlines Trajectories (figure for curve types) Strokes (Return to overview figure) Areas Areas (figure for scan conversion types) Strokes (blow-up of fat strokes, with ends and joints) Offset curves Joints, ends Dashed patterns (figure) Sampled Mask (figure of icon) Text (picture of fancy text) Fonts: Masks plus metrics (classic picture of metrics) Show and its varients (cp plus string displayed) Correct (figure?) Define final width Font approximation Picket fence problem Underline Color Specification (picture of two kinds of color) Constant and Sampled Color Operators (example of RGB Linear) Color Models Imaging operators (figure showing a mask clipped and xformed) Clipping Transformations Systems Issues Interface and Implementation (Rick's building blocks?) Common Interface Shared Implementation pieces Specialized as needed Ubiquitous Imager => Interpress => Imager Performance Accelerators Special Rendering Issues Fonts scan-conversion low resolution Proprietary algorithms Color Calibration Appearance Function Conclusions Device Independent Systems Exist Future directions System issues Color Fonts Electronic Sources of Illustrations Illustration producing systems Including an illustration in a document Points of comparison Detail on each type of source Conclusions Illustration producing systems (examples for each one) Bitmap/pixel painting MacPaint, Deluxe Paint, Aurora, Via Video Drafting/CAD systems ComputerVision, Applicon, Calma, CIMLINC, AutoCad Geometric Illustration systems Draw, Griffin, MacDraw, Qubix, Genegraphics Business Graphics Tell-A-Graf, Star, ChartMaster Full Color Prepress Scitex, Hell, Crossfield, Dainippon Including an illustration in a document Print media quality standards (example, or reference back to Rick) Layout stand-alone description bounding box information scale, crop replace/remove elements edit elements (change style, change structure) graphical style Style match with rest of document text/symbols line weight color/gray/texture "graphical style" (standard example) Points of comparison User Model Computer Graphics Techniques Hardware/system requirements Graphic Arts Issues (again, maybe reference to Rick) Resolution line properties text/symbols in illustrations scaling, cropping color/gray/texture Strengths/Weaknesses Common issues Resolution 640x480 vs. 300 spi. geometry is resolution independent pixels must be sampled Gray-scale and Color Reproduction bi-level vs. intensity modulated Halftone patterns (figure) Additive vs. Subtractive color (figure) Color gamuts, quantization (figures) Graphic Arts Quality Typography Bitmap/pixel painting (reshow example from intro) User Model Brush and paint Output is array of pixels Computer Graphics Techniques Basic paint operation: non-rectangular brushes, jitter, sampling frequency, connectedness patterns: flicker, wallpaper, transparency (airbrushes) flooding fill user defined bushes/stamp pads: area select structured brushes: lines, boxes, circles, text Hardware/system requirements Raster display pointing device performance for smooth interaction BitBlt (Raster Op) microcode Graphic Arts Quality Issues Images are "jaggy" Images not manipulable colors/textures monitor oriented Strengths Easy to learn and use appropriate to implement on current PC hardware ubiquitous Weaknesses limited graphic arts quality, especially text Drafting/CAD Systems (examples) User Model construct geometric models 2D mechanical drafting paradigm 3D surface or solid geometric models Computer Graphics Techniques Fast line generation Pan and Zoom Cross-hatching Precise construction Automatic dimensioning May include full 3D rendering Hardware/system requirements High resolution line or raster display digitizing device Large system capacity Graphic Arts Quality Issues Plotter style 3D as image text Strengths resolution independent Geometric operations applicable Weaknesses difficult to learn style elements may be missing Geometric Illustration Systems User Model construct outlines with control points and menus fill or outline structures 2 1/2 D (flat with overlap) resolution independent output Computer Graphics Techniques Fat synthethic lines for conic and cubic curves (figure) fast, accurate, uniform scan conversion localized refresh selection paradigm/feedback "intuitive" construction paradigms for shapes, especially curves hidden structure vs. visual structure (figure) Hardware/system requirements Bitmap (color is better) display pointing device scientific workstation Floating point Graphic Arts Quality Issues Style flexibility formatted text Strengths Model generally similar to PDL Therefore good match for GA issues resolution independent, style elements included geometric operations applicable Weaknesses difficult to use inflexible Business Graphics (examples, good and bad) User Model Charts produced from data Chartbooks, clip art May include freehand painting/drawing Computer Graphics Techniques Rectangles, circular arcs Dashed lines, arrowheads Textures data-driven illustration Idomatic illustration Hardware/system requirements PC with raster display Integration with business software Simple user interface Graphic Arts Quality Issues Style Flexibility text jaggies (not inherent) Strengths Easy to use Could enforce good design Weaknesses Generally low quality images Inflexible Full Color Prepress (examples) User Model Digital darkroom Scanned, full color images Paste-up with typeset text Computer Graphics Techniques (pictures from Mik) Color correction Digital masking Image combination Full color painting Interaction as front end to batch Hardware/system requirements Large storage capacity High quality full color displays Pointing device Graphic Arts Quality Issues Full color images Text may lose 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