Imaging Systems Architecture Same Image on Different Devices Common Imaging Model for All Applications Common Code for All Applications Applications Text Editors and Formatters Illustration Editors Page Layout Book Layout Same Image Different Devices Workstations Black/White or Color Monitors 40 spi to 300 spi Printers Black/White or Color Different Technologies 150 spi to 2500 spi Performance Criteria Workstations WYSIWYG Interactive Soft Printer Printers Mastermaker Production Printer Common Imaging Model Device Independent Uniform Set of Operations 2D with Priority Graphic Arts Quality Common Imaging Code Interface and Implementation Common Interface Modular Implementation Specialized as Needed Ubiquitous Extensible Examples Simple Application Complex Application Display List PDL Recorder PDL Printer Integration Common for all Applications No Duplicated Effort No Surprises Encapsulated for Interchange Pages as PDL Augmented PDL Display List Imaging Model Color Pressed Through Mask Mask: Geometric Shape Color: Constant or Sampled Makes Image on Page New Images Overwrite Old Ones Imaging Model Overview Shape Specification Color Specification Imaging Operators Special Rendering Issues Impossible Compromises Conclusions Masks Filled Areas Strokes Offset Curves Joints, Ends Dashed Patterns Sampled Mask Shape Specification Segment Trajectory Outline Pixel Arrays Text Fonts: Masks plus Metrics SHOW Operator CORRECT Color Types Constant Color Pixel Value Color Operator Sampled Color Pixel Array Color Operator Transformation Color Specification Color Model Parameters + Model Produces Color Operator Find Color Functional Colors Specified by Name Other Imaging System Operators Clipping Any Shape Affects All Masks Transformations All Affine Transformations Scale, Rotate, Translate, Skew Imaging System State Variables Get and Set Values Includes Current Position Transformation Font Color Clipper CORRECT Parameters Rendering Primitives Fill Algorithms Parity or Wrap Number Specifying Holes Strokes Variable Widths Ends and Joints Dashes Sampling Quality Speed Special Rendering Issues Fonts Quality Scan-conversion Proprietary Algorithms Color Color Printing Additive vs. Subtractive Impossible Compromises Performance Caching Special Case Algorithms "Interactive" Modes Lack of Color Capture Intent Functional Specification Resolution Too Low Unreadable Fonts Quantized Grayscale Conclusions Effective Basis for Document Preparation Systems Commercially Available Same Image on Different Printers Same Image on Printers and Displays Only in R&D Common Code for All Applications Integrated Set of Applications Κ•Wordlist$Imaging spi Workstations Formatters – "cedar" style˜defaultšΟb˜Icode˜L˜)L˜!—head4š ˜ L˜L˜L˜ L˜ —š˜˜ L˜L˜L˜—˜L˜L˜L˜——š˜˜ L˜L˜ L˜ L˜—˜L˜ L˜——š˜L˜L˜L˜L˜—š˜˜L˜Lšœ˜L˜—L˜ L˜ —š˜J˜˜J˜ J˜ —J˜ —š ˜ ˜L˜L˜ —˜L˜ L˜ L˜ ——š ˜ ˜L˜L˜—L˜L˜—š˜L˜L˜L˜L˜L˜L˜ —š˜L˜ šœ˜L˜ L˜ Lšœ˜—Lšœ ˜ —š˜L˜L˜ L˜L˜ —š˜Lšœ˜LšΟsœ ˜ Lšž˜—š ˜ šœ˜Lšœ ˜ Lšœ˜—šœ ˜ Lšœ ˜ Lšœ˜Lšœ˜——š˜˜ L˜L˜—˜ L˜L˜——š˜˜L˜ L˜—˜L˜L˜——š˜L˜˜L˜L˜L˜L˜L˜Lšžœ ˜——š˜˜L˜L˜—šœ˜L˜L˜L˜—˜L˜L˜——š˜˜L˜L˜—˜L˜L˜——š˜šœ ˜ L˜L˜L˜—˜ Lšœ˜Lšœ˜—˜Lšœ˜Lšœ˜——š ˜ šœ1˜1L˜—˜L˜ J˜#—˜ L˜!J˜———…— X q