Electronic Illustration What and Why? Different Systems Pixel Painting Drafting and CAD Systems Geometric Illustration Systems Digital Prepress The Future Improved Systems New Techniques What is it? Computer Generated Pictures Included in a Document Emphasis on Illustration Graphic Arts Quality Why use It? Electronic Documents Text is On-Line Pictures must be On-Line Should Be More Flexible Electronic Clip Art Tailor Image to Application Focus Print Media Quality Standards Previously Established Text, Lines Grayscale, Color New Graphic Arts Technology Improve Quality of Documents Easier to Use New Techniques Electronic Illustration Producing Systems Bitmap and Pixel Painting Drafting and CAD Systems Geometric Illustration Systems Digital Prepress Points of Discussion User Model User Interface Basic Representation Graphic Arts Quality Issues Strengths and Weaknesses Bitmap and Pixel Painting User Model Array of Pixels Brush and Paint Highly Interactive Ubiquitous Bitmap and Pixel Painting Quality Issues Paint Model is Very Flexible Full Control of Each Pixel No Object Structure Images Often ``Jaggy'' Monitor-Style Elements Bitmap and Pixel Painting Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Easy to Learn and Use Flexible Complex, Textured Imagery Weaknesses Unstructured Resolution Limited Drafting and CAD Systems User Model Geometric Shapes Precise Construction 2D Mechanical Drafting 3D Surfaces or Solids Designed for Engineers Drafting and CAD Systems Quality Issues Geometric Model = No Jaggies Plotter Style Limited Line Weights Limited Area Fill Limited Font Styles 3D Models 3D Imaging Model Often Treated as Image Drafting and CAD Systems Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Resolution Independent Manipulate Objects Numerical Precision Weaknesses Complex User Interface Missing Style Elements Geometric Illustrators User Model Geometric Shapes Freehand Construction Illustrations for Printing Professional Illustrators Geometric Illustrators Quality Issues Graphic Arts Imaging Model 2D with Overlap Fill or Stroke Outlines Multiple Fonts Somewhat Inflexibile User Interface Style Choices Text Formatting Geometric Illustrators Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Resolution Independent Geometric Operations Style Elements Included Weaknesses Difficult to Use Inflexible Style Digital Prepress User Model Digital Darkroom Scanned, Full Color Images Paste-Up with Typeset Text Output to Commercial Printer Prepress Professionals Digital Prepress Quality Issues Commercial Offset Printing Quality Full Color Images Color Control Color Separation Little or No Object Structure Digital Prepress Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Page Layout Page Production Commercial Quality Weaknesses Expensive Difficult to Use Distinctions Are Blurring ``Combined'' Illustrators Prepress with Paint Illustrators with CAD Raster with Geometric More Powerful Hardware More Sophisticated Users Prepress with Paint Improved User Interface Image Processing Automasking Edge Enhancement Color Correction Digital Originals Interface to Printing CAD with Illustration Illustrator Imaging Model Precise Measurement Alignment Lines Grids, Constraints Improved User Interface 3D Graphics Raster with Geometric ** Combine Very Different Paradigms Editing Model Representation Asymmetric Transformation Steps Along the Way Trace over Raster Images Add Geometry to Raster Editor Add Raster to Geometric Editor Universal Illustrator? Massive System Problem Common Imaging Model Common Data Structures Complex User Interface Problem Cooperating Editors ** Multiple Editors Active on Page Object-Oriented Capabilities Display Yourself Store Yourself React to Input Shared Resources Issue Input, Output Overlapping Images New Technology for Graphic Arts Conventional Procedures Faster and Better Quality Computation Extends Conventional Techniques Make Illustrations Faster** Create Original Artwork Faster Drawing, Painting, LetraLining Cut and Paste Photography Make Production Faster Layout Typesetting Color Correction, Separation User Interface Issues Electronic Clip Art ** Combine Pictures from Different Sources Edit Existing Figures Automatically Adjust Existing Figures Advanced PageLayout Scale to Fit Graphical Style Current Limitations** Lack of Integration Inflexible Systems Incompatible Formats Not Easy to Use Subset of Conventional Illustration Image Complexity Range of Expression New Techniques Extend Old Forms Text as Artistic Form Transform Object Structure Color Control Computed Designs Repetitive Structures Progressions Nonlinear Transformations 3D Techniques Conclusions Electronic Illustration is Here Many Different Systems Raster, Geometric Artistic, Scientific Amateur, Professional Future Directions More Flexible Editors Integrated Systems Expanded Library of Techniques Κ•WordlisttPixel PageLayout Taping Artwork Automasking Blurring Typeset Darkroom Imaging Jaggies Bitmap Grayscale Prepress CAD ˜head˜J˜ code˜L˜Ileft˜M˜M˜—˜ J˜J˜——˜ L˜L˜L˜L˜—˜ ˜J˜J˜J˜—˜J˜J˜——˜šœ˜L˜L˜ L˜—˜J˜J˜ J˜——šΟb)˜)M˜M˜M˜M˜—˜šœ ˜ M˜M˜—Mšœ˜Mšœ˜—šœ%˜%Mšœ˜Mšœ˜M˜M˜ —šœ(˜(˜M˜M˜—M˜M˜—šœ2˜2šœ ˜ M˜J˜J˜—˜ M˜ M˜——šœ#˜#M˜M˜M˜M˜M˜—šœ'˜'M˜˜ Mšœ˜Mšœ˜M˜—šœ ˜ M˜Mšœ˜——šœ1˜1˜ M˜M˜M˜—˜ M˜M˜——šœ!˜!M˜M˜M˜J˜—šœ%˜%˜Mšœ˜M˜M˜—šœ˜Mšœ˜Mšœ ˜ Mšœ˜——šœ/˜/˜ M˜M˜M˜—˜ M˜M˜——šœ˜M˜M˜M˜Mšœ˜M˜—šœ˜Mšœ"˜"˜Mšœ ˜ Mšœ˜—J˜—šœ)˜)˜ M˜ M˜Mšœ˜—˜ M˜ M˜——˜˜L˜L˜L˜L˜—L˜L˜—˜L˜˜L˜ L˜L˜—L˜L˜—˜J˜˜L˜L˜—J˜L˜ —˜˜ L˜ L˜L˜—šœ˜L˜L˜L˜——˜˜J˜J˜—J˜—˜L˜˜L˜L˜L˜—˜J˜ J˜——˜ Lšœ1˜1J˜+—˜˜J˜J˜ J˜ —˜J˜J˜ J˜—J˜—˜J˜'J˜˜%J˜J˜ J˜——˜˜J˜J˜J˜—˜#J˜J˜J˜——˜˜J˜J˜J˜ —˜J˜J˜ J˜—J˜ —˜ J˜˜J˜J˜J˜—˜L˜J˜J˜—J˜——…—Ζε