(1) Electronic Sources of Illustrations Illustration Systems Illustrations In Documents Points of Comparison Discussion Conclusions (3) Including Illustrations in a Document Print Media Quality Standards Page Layout Uniform Style (4) Including Illustrations Page Layout Stand-Alone Description Bounding Rectangle Information Scale and Crop Replace and Remove Elements Edit Elements (5) Including Illustrations Uniform Style Text and Symbols Line Weight Color, Gray and Texture Graphical Style (2) Illustration Producing Systems Bitmap and Pixel Painting Drafting and CAD Systems Geometric Illustration Systems Business Graphics Digital Prepress Examples Of Each (need more CAD (42)) (6) Points of Comparison User Model Computer Graphics Techniques Hardware and System Requirements Graphic Arts Issues Strengths and Weaknesses (7) Graphic Arts Issues Resolution Line Properties Text and Symbols Scaling and Cropping Color, Gray and Texture (8) Common Issues Geometry vs. Raster (43) Resolution Independence Gray-Scale and Color Reproduction Quality Typography (9) Resolution Independence Absolute Coordinate System 640x480 vs. 300 spi. Scan-Convert Geometry Re-Sample Pixels (10) Gray-Scale And Color Reproduction Bi-Level vs. Intensity Modulated (Mik's eye slide) Halftone Patterns (Color Halftones) Additive vs. Subtractive Color Color Gamuts (Gamut pic) Quantization (Genographics slide, Brian photographs*) (11) Bitmap and Pixel Painting (DIP picture) User Model Brush and Paint Output is Array of Pixels (12) Bitmap and Pixel Painting Computer Graphics Techniques Basic Paint Operation: Performance Sampling Frequency and Jitter Bitmap Patterns Flicker Seams (44) Transparency (12) Bitmap and Pixel Painting (MacPaint UI) Computer Graphics Techniques Special Brushes User-Defined Areas Structured Brushes Text Fill Flooding algorithms Opaque boundaries (14) Bitmap and Pixel Painting Hardware and System Requirements Raster Display Pointing Device Smooth Interaction BitBLT (RasterOp) Microcode (15) Bitmap and Pixel Painting (Jaggy*) Graphic Arts Quality Issues Images are "Jaggy" Images Not Manipulable Monitor Oriented Colors Fonts Textures (16) Bitmap and Pixel Painting Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Easy to Learn and Use Available on PC Hardware Ubiquitous Weaknesses Generally Low Resolution Monitor Oriented Limited Quality when Printed (17) Drafting and CAD Systems (CAD screen) User Model Construct Geometric Models 2D Mechanical Drafting Paradigm 3D Surface or Solid Geometric Models (18) Drafting and CAD Systems Computer Graphics Techniques Fast Line Generation Pan and Zoom Cross-Hatching Precise Construction Automatic Dimensioning May Include Full 3D Rendering (19) Drafting and CAD Systems Hardware and System Requirements High Resolution Display High Resolution Plotter Digitizing Device Large System Capacity (20) Drafting and CAD Systems (42) Graphic Arts Quality Issues Plotter Style Limited Line Weights Limited Area Fill Limited Font Styles 3D Rendering Convert to 2D Treat as Image (21) Drafting and CAD Systems Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Resolution Independent Geometric Operations Weaknesses Difficult to Learn Missing Style Elements (22) Geometric Illustrators (Griffin UI sequence) User Model Construct Shapes Fill or Stroke Outlines 2D with Overlap High Resolution Output (23) Geometric Illustration Systems Computer Graphics Techniques Fast Curved Strokes Fast and Accurate Refresh Selection Paradigm and Feedback (45) "Intuitive" Construction Paradigms Hidden Structure vs. Visual Structure (47) (24) Geometric Illustration Systems Hardware and System Requirements Raster Display Digital Printer Pointing Device Scientific Workstation (25) Geometric Illustration Systems (Griffin Example) Graphic Arts Quality Issues Good Match for PDL Flexibility Style Choices Text Formatting Desk-top Publishing (26) Geometric Illustration Systems Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Resolution Independent Geometric Operations Model Similar To PDL Style Elements Included Weaknesses Difficult To Use Inflexible (27) Business Graphics (Bar Chart) User Model Charts Produced From Data Chartbooks and Clip Art Overlay Freehand Illustrations Easy to Use (28) Business Graphics Computer Graphics Techniques Dashed Lines (46) Arrowheads Textures User Interface Idiomatic Illustrations (colored map) (29) Business Graphics Hardware and System Requirements PC with Raster Display Hardcopy for Presentations Integration with Business Software Simple User Interface (30) Business Graphics (good and bad*) Graphic Arts Quality Issues Style Flexibility "Cheap" Low Resolution Poor Rendering Quality Could Encourage Quality (31) Business Graphics Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Easy To Use Could Enforce Good Design Weaknesses Often Poor Quality Limited Style Inflexible (32) Digital Prepress (Digital Darkroom) User Model Digital Darkroom Scanned, Full Color Images Paste-Up with Typeset Text Output to Commercial Printer (33) Digital Prepress (Mik's sequence) Computer Graphics Techniques Digital Masking Image Combination Color Correction (color correction fig) Indirect Editing Interactive Front-End Batch Production (34) Digital Prepress Hardware and System Requirements High Quality, Full Color Display Input Scanner Film Plotter Pointing Device Large Storage Capacity (35) Digital Prepress (Commercial Page) Graphic Arts Quality Issues Commercial Quality Full Color Images Color Control Color Separation Unstructured (36) Digital Prepress Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Quality Image Processing Page Layout Page Production Commercial Quality Weaknesses Expensive Lack of Structure (37) Conclusion Representation Graphic Arts Quality Design Tradeoffs Integration (38) Conclusion Representation Geometric Drafting and CAD Geometric Illustration Systems Raster Bitmap and Pixel Painting Digital Prepress Business Graphics can be Either (39) Conclusion Graphic Arts Quality Follow the PDL Model Advantages of Geometry Resolution Independent Rendering Structured Representation Style Flexibility Change with Media Change with Document (40) Conclusion Design Tradeoffs Power = 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