Electronic Illustration
What and Why?
Different Systems
Pixel Painting
Drafting and CAD Systems
Geometric Illustration Systems
Digital Prepress
The Future
Improved Systems
New Techniques
What is it?
Computer Generated Pictures
Included in a Document
Emphasis on Illustration
Graphic Arts Quality
Why use It?
Electronic Documents
Text is On-Line
Pictures must be On-Line
Should Be More Flexible
Electronic Clip Art
Tailor Image to Application
Focus
Print Media Quality Standards
Previously Established
Text, Lines
Grayscale, Color
New Graphic Arts Technology
Improve Quality of Documents
Easier to Use
New Techniques
Electronic Illustration Producing Systems
Bitmap and Pixel Painting
Drafting and CAD Systems
Geometric Illustration Systems
Digital Prepress
Points of Discussion
User Model
User Interface
Basic Representation
Graphic Arts Quality Issues
Strengths and Weaknesses
Bitmap and Pixel Painting
User Model
Array of Pixels
Brush and Paint
Highly Interactive
Ubiquitous
Bitmap and Pixel Painting
Quality Issues
Paint Model is Very Flexible
Full Control of Each Pixel
No Object Structure
Images Often ``Jaggy''
Monitor-Style Elements
Bitmap and Pixel Painting
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Easy to Learn and Use
Flexible
Complex, Textured Imagery
Weaknesses
Unstructured
Resolution Limited
Drafting and CAD Systems
User Model
Geometric Shapes
Precise Construction
2D Mechanical Drafting
3D Surfaces or Solids
Designed for Engineers
Drafting and CAD Systems
Quality Issues
Geometric Model = No Jaggies
Plotter Style
Limited Line Weights
Limited Area Fill
Limited Font Styles
3D Models
3D Imaging Model
Often Treated as Image
Drafting and CAD Systems
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Resolution Independent
Manipulate Objects
Numerical Precision
Weaknesses
Complex User Interface
Missing Style Elements
Geometric Illustrators
User Model
Geometric Shapes
Freehand Construction
Illustrations for Printing
Professional Illustrators
Geometric Illustrators
Quality Issues
Graphic Arts Imaging Model
2D with Overlap
Fill or Stroke Outlines
Multiple Fonts
Somewhat Inflexibile
User Interface
Style Choices
Text Formatting
Geometric Illustrators
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Resolution Independent
Geometric Operations
Style Elements Included
Weaknesses
Difficult to Use
Inflexible Style
Digital Prepress
User Model
Digital Darkroom
Scanned, Full Color Images
Paste-Up with Typeset Text
Output to Commercial Printer
Prepress Professionals
Digital Prepress
Quality Issues
Commercial Offset Printing Quality
Full Color Images
Color Control
Color Separation
Little or No Object Structure
Digital Prepress
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Page Layout
Page Production
Commercial Quality
Weaknesses
Expensive
Difficult to Use
Distinctions Are Blurring
``Combined'' Illustrators
Prepress with Paint
Illustrators with CAD
Raster with Geometric
More Powerful Hardware
More Sophisticated Users
Prepress with Paint
Improved User Interface
Image Processing
Automasking
Edge Enhancement
Color Correction
Digital Originals
Interface to Printing
CAD with Illustration
Illustrator Imaging Model
Precise Measurement
Alignment Lines
Grids, Constraints
Improved User Interface
3D Graphics
Raster with Geometric **
Combine Very Different Paradigms
Editing Model
Representation
Asymmetric Transformation
Steps Along the Way
Trace over Raster Images
Add Geometry to Raster Editor
Add Raster to Geometric Editor
Universal Illustrator?
Massive System Problem
Common Imaging Model
Common Data Structures
Complex User Interface Problem
Cooperating Editors **
Multiple Editors Active on Page
Object-Oriented Capabilities
Display Yourself
Store Yourself
React to Input
Shared Resources Issue
Input, Output
Overlapping Images
New Technology for Graphic Arts
Conventional Procedures Faster and Better Quality
Computation Extends Conventional Techniques
Make Illustrations Faster**
Create Original Artwork Faster
Drawing, Painting, LetraLining
Cut and Paste
Photography
Make Production Faster
Layout
Typesetting
Color Correction, Separation
User Interface Issues
Electronic Clip Art **
Combine Pictures from Different Sources
Edit Existing Figures
Automatically Adjust Existing Figures
Advanced PageLayout
Scale to Fit
Graphical Style
Current Limitations**
Lack of Integration
Inflexible Systems
Incompatible Formats
Not Easy to Use
Subset of Conventional Illustration
Image Complexity
Range of Expression
New Techniques
Extend Old Forms
Text as Artistic Form
Transform Object Structure
Color Control
Computed Designs
Repetitive Structures
Progressions
Nonlinear Transformations
3D Techniques
Conclusions
Electronic Illustration is Here
Many Different Systems
Raster, Geometric
Artistic, Scientific
Amateur, Professional
Future Directions
More Flexible Editors
Integrated Systems
Expanded Library of Techniques