[Cyan]<Imaging>6.0>NewThreeDWorld>ThreeDSurfacesImpl.mesa!35

ThreeDSurfacesImpl.mesa

Last Edited by: Crow, May 29, 1986 5:42:31 pm PDT

DIRECTORY

Atom USING [GetPropFromList, PutPropOnList],

Real USING [RoundC, Fix, FixI, FixC],

RealFns USING [SqRt],

Basics USING [BITOR, BITAND],

Rope USING [ROPE],

IO USING [STREAM, GetInt],

Imager USING [Context, MaskVectorI],

ImagerColor USING [RGB],

Pixels USING [GetSampleSet, SampleSet],

ScanConvert USING [PutLine, justNoticeable],

Vector3d USING [Dot, Triple, Quad, Normalize, Cross, Add],

Plane3d USING [DistanceToPt],

ThreeDMisc USING [GetMappedColor, GetImagerContext, GetBackground,
SetNamedColor],

ThreeDScenes USING [AllOut, ClipState, Context, Error,
GetShading, GetVtxShades, NoneOut, OutCode, PutShading,
ReadColors, ReadVertexCoords, SetUpStandardFile, ShadePt,
ShadingSequence, ShadingValue, ShapeInstance, ShapeSequence,
SixSides,
Vertex, VertexInfo, VertexInfoSequence, VertexSequence,
XfmPtToDisplay, XfmToDisplay, XfmToEyeSpace],

Tilers USING [PolygonTiler],

ThreeDSurfaces USING [Patch, PatchProcs, PtrPatchSequence, PtrPatch, PatchSequence,
SortSequence, ShapePatch];

ThreeDSurfacesImpl: CEDAR PROGRAM

IMPORTS Atom, Real, RealFns, IO, Basics, ThreeDScenes, Tilers, Vector3d, Plane3d, ScanConvert, ThreeDMisc, Pixels, Imager

EXPORTS ThreeDSurfaces

= BEGIN

Internal Declarations

Context: TYPE ~ ThreeDScenes.Context;

RGB: TYPE ~ ImagerColor.RGB; -- [ r, g, b: REAL];

SixSides: TYPE ~ ThreeDScenes.SixSides;

Triple: TYPE ~ Vector3d.Triple;

SampleSet: TYPE ~ Pixels.SampleSet;

ShapeInstance: TYPE ~ ThreeDScenes.ShapeInstance;

Patch: TYPE ~ ThreeDSurfaces.Patch;

PatchSequence: TYPE ~ ThreeDSurfaces.PatchSequence;

PtrPatch: TYPE ~ ThreeDSurfaces.PtrPatch;

PtrPatchSequence: TYPE ~ ThreeDSurfaces.PtrPatchSequence;

ShapePatch: TYPE ~ ThreeDSurfaces.ShapePatch;

Vertex: TYPE ~ ThreeDScenes.Vertex;

VertexSequence: TYPE ~ ThreeDScenes.VertexSequence;

ShadingValue: TYPE ~ ThreeDScenes.ShadingValue;

ShadingSequence: TYPE ~ ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence;

tempPatch, tempPatch2: REF Patch ← NIL; -- temps for clipping, etc.

pixelBytes: SampleSet ← Pixels.GetSampleSet[1]; -- cache for pixel size

stopMe: BOOLEAN ← FALSE;

Utility Procedures

Sqr: PROCEDURE [number: REAL] RETURNS [REAL] ~ INLINE { RETURN[number * number]; };

Sgn: PROCEDURE [number: REAL] RETURNS [REAL] ~ INLINE {

IF number < 0. THEN RETURN[-1.] ELSE RETURN[1.];

};

DiffPosns: PROC[vtx1, vtx2: REF Vertex] RETURNS[Triple] ~ {

RETURN[[vtx1.x - vtx2.x, vtx1.y - vtx2.y, vtx1.z - vtx2.z]] };

HoldEverything: PROCEDURE [] ~ {

stopMe ← FALSE;

ERROR ABORTED;

};

EnableDisplay: PUBLIC PROC [] ~ { stopMe ← FALSE; };

StopDisplay: PUBLIC PROC [] ~ { stopMe ← TRUE; };

ShapetoColorBytes: PROC [context: REF Context, s: REF ShapeInstance]
RETURNS[SampleSet] ~ {

ref: REF ANY ← ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ s, $Color];

r, g, b: REAL;

ir, ig, ib: INTEGER;

addOn: NAT ← 0;

IF context.alphaBuffer THEN addOn ← addOn + 1;

IF context.depthBuffer THEN addOn ← addOn + 1;

IF ref # NIL

THEN {

[r, g, b] ← NARROW[ ref, REF RGB]^; -- shape color

ir ← Real.RoundC[r*255.0]; ig ← Real.RoundC[g*255.0]; ib ← Real.RoundC[b*255.0];

}

ELSE ir ← ig ← ib ← 255;

SELECT context.renderMode FROM -- convert color to byte sequence

$LF => {

clr: RGB ← ThreeDMisc.GetBackground[context];

IF (255.0 * (clr.R + clr.G + clr.B) / 3) > 128

THEN pixelBytes[0] ← 255 ELSE pixelBytes[0] ← 0; -- ensure contrast with backgrnd

};

$Dithered, $PseudoClr => {

IF pixelBytes.length < 1+addOn THEN pixelBytes ← Pixels.GetSampleSet[1+addOn];

pixelBytes[0] ← ThreeDMisc.GetMappedColor[context, [ir, ig, ib] ];

IF addOn > 0 THEN pixelBytes[1] ← 0; IF addOn > 1 THEN pixelBytes[2] ← 0;

};

$Grey => {

IF pixelBytes.length < 1+addOn THEN pixelBytes ← Pixels.GetSampleSet[1+addOn];

pixelBytes[0] ← (ir + ig + ib)/3;

IF addOn > 0 THEN pixelBytes[1] ← 0; IF addOn > 1 THEN pixelBytes[2] ← 0;

};

$FullClr, $Dorado24 => {

IF pixelBytes.length < 3+addOn THEN pixelBytes ← Pixels.GetSampleSet[3+addOn];

pixelBytes[0] ← ir;

pixelBytes[1] ← ig;

pixelBytes[2] ← ib;

IF addOn > 0 THEN pixelBytes[3] ← 0; IF addOn > 1 THEN pixelBytes[4] ← 0;

};

ENDCASE => SIGNAL ThreeDScenes.Error[[$Unimplemented, "Unknown renderMode"]];

RETURN[pixelBytes];

};

CombineBoxes: PROC[context: REF Context] ~ { -- get combined bounding box

context.extentCovered ← [LAST[NAT], 0, LAST[NAT], 0];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..context.shapes.length) DO

IF context.shapes[i].clipState # out THEN {

IF context.extentCovered.left > context.shapes[i].screenExtent.left

THEN context.extentCovered.left ← context.shapes[i].screenExtent.left;

IF context.extentCovered.right < context.shapes[i].screenExtent.right

THEN context.extentCovered.right ← context.shapes[i].screenExtent.right;

IF context.extentCovered.bottom > context.shapes[i].screenExtent.bottom

THEN context.extentCovered.bottom ← context.shapes[i].screenExtent.bottom;

IF context.extentCovered.top < context.shapes[i].screenExtent.top

THEN context.extentCovered.top ← context.shapes[i].screenExtent.top;

};

ENDLOOP;

};

ShapePatchToPatch: PUBLIC PROC[context: REF Context,
sPatch: REF ThreeDSurfaces.ShapePatch]
RETURNS [patch: REF Patch] ~ {

ptrPatch: REF PtrPatch ←
NARROW[sPatch.shape.surface, REF PtrPatchSequence][sPatch.patch];

vertex: REF ThreeDScenes.VertexSequence ← sPatch.shape.vertex;

shade: REF ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence ← sPatch.shape.shade;

faceted: BOOLEAN ←
NARROW[ ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ sPatch.shape, $Type ], ATOM ] = $Faceted;

lines: BOOLEAN ←
NARROW[ ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ sPatch.shape, $Type ], ATOM ] = $Lines;

patchInfo: REF ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence ← NARROW[

ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ sPatch.shape, $PatchColors ]

];

coloredPatches: BOOLEAN ← IF patchInfo # NIL AND NOT faceted

THEN ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ sPatch.shape, $PatchColorFile ] # NIL

ELSE FALSE;

IF ptrPatch.clipState = out THEN RETURN[NIL]; -- reject if outside frame

patch ← tempPatch; -- get global temp storage for patch

IF (patch = NIL) OR (patch.length < 2 * ptrPatch.nVtces)

THEN patch ← tempPatch ← NEW[Patch[2 * ptrPatch.nVtces] ];

patch.nVtces ← ptrPatch.nVtces;

patch.clipState ← ptrPatch.clipState;

patch.type ← ptrPatch.type;

patch.oneSided ← ptrPatch.oneSided;

patch.props ← sPatch.shape.shadingProps; -- transmit shading info

FOR i: NAT IN [0..ptrPatch.nVtces) DO

j: NAT ← ptrPatch.vtxPtr[i];

patch[i].coord ← vertex[j]^;

patch[i].shade ← shade[j]^;

IF lines THEN { -- lines use unshaded values

patch[i].shade.ir ← Real.FixC[patch[i].shade.r * 255.0];

patch[i].shade.ig ← Real.FixC[patch[i].shade.g * 255.0];

patch[i].shade.ib ← Real.FixC[patch[i].shade.b * 255.0];

}

ELSE IF patchInfo # NIL THEN -- shades for individual patches

IF faceted

THEN patch[i].shade ← patchInfo[sPatch.patch]^

ELSE IF coloredPatches THEN {

patch[i].shade.ir ← Real.FixC[ patch[i].shade.ir * patchInfo[sPatch.patch].r ];

patch[i].shade.ig ← Real.FixC[ patch[i].shade.ig * patchInfo[sPatch.patch].g ];

patch[i].shade.ib ← Real.FixC[ patch[i].shade.ib * patchInfo[sPatch.patch].b ];

patch[i].shade.it ← Real.FixC[ patch[i].shade.it * patchInfo[sPatch.patch].t ];

IF context.alphaBuffer THEN { -- possible pixel by pixel shading

patch[i].shade.r ← shade[j].r * patchInfo[sPatch.patch].r;

patch[i].shade.g ← shade[j].g * patchInfo[sPatch.patch].g;

patch[i].shade.b ← shade[j].b * patchInfo[sPatch.patch].b;

patch[i].shade.t ← shade[j].t * patchInfo[sPatch.patch].t;

};

ENDLOOP;

};

Procedures for Reading in Shape Descriptions

LoadShape: PUBLIC PROC[ shape: REF ShapeInstance, fileName: Rope.ROPE,
type: ATOM ← $ConvexPolygon, insideVisible: BOOLEAN ← FALSE ] ~ {

numVtces: NAT;

min, max: Triple;

radius: REAL;

nullVertex: ThreeDScenes.Vertex; -- gets initialized vertex record

nullShade: ThreeDScenes.ShadingValue; -- gets initialized ShadingValue record

input: IO.STREAM;

Get File, Read number of points and number of polygons

[input, numVtces] ← ThreeDScenes.SetUpStandardFile[fileName];

shape.numSurfaces ← IO.GetInt[input];

shape.type ← type;

shape.insideVisible ← insideVisible;

shape.vertex ← NEW[ ThreeDScenes.VertexSequence[numVtces] ];

shape.shade ← NEW[ ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence[numVtces] ];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..numVtces) DO -- initialize sequences (compiler should do this (grump))

shape.vertex[i] ← NEW[ ThreeDScenes.Vertex ← nullVertex ];

shape.shade[i] ← NEW[ ThreeDScenes.ShadingValue ← nullShade];

ENDLOOP;

ThreeDScenes.PutShading[shape, $Color, NEW[ RGB ← [0.7, 0.7, 0.7] ] ]; -- default grey

ThreeDScenes.ReadVertexCoords[shape.vertex, input, numVtces]; -- read vertices

ReadPatches[shape, input, shape.numSurfaces, shape.type, insideVisible];

Find approximation to bounding sphere

min ← max ← [shape.vertex[0].x, shape.vertex[0].y, shape.vertex[0].z];

FOR i: NAT IN (0..shape.vertex.length) DO -- get min and max in x, y, and z

IF shape.vertex[i] # NIL THEN {

IF shape.vertex[i].x < min.x

THEN min.x ← shape.vertex[i].x

ELSE IF shape.vertex[i].x > max.x THEN max.x ← shape.vertex[i].x;

IF shape.vertex[i].y < min.y

THEN min.y ← shape.vertex[i].y

ELSE IF shape.vertex[i].y > max.y THEN max.y ← shape.vertex[i].y;

IF shape.vertex[i].z < min.z

THEN min.z ← shape.vertex[i].z

ELSE IF shape.vertex[i].x > max.z THEN max.z ← shape.vertex[i].z;

};

ENDLOOP;

shape.centroid.x ← (min.x + max.x) / 2; -- get middle point in each coordinate

shape.centroid.y ← (min.y + max.y) / 2;

shape.centroid.z ← (min.z + max.z) / 2;

shape.boundingRadius ← 0.;

FOR i: NAT IN [0..numVtces) DO -- find radius

radius ← RealFns.SqRt[

Sqr[shape.vertex[i].x - shape.centroid.x]

+ Sqr[shape.vertex[i].y - shape.centroid.y]

+ Sqr[shape.vertex[i].z - shape.centroid.z] ];

IF radius > shape.boundingRadius

THEN shape.boundingRadius ← radius;

ENDLOOP;

};

ReadPatches: PUBLIC PROC[shape: REF ShapeInstance, in: IO.STREAM, nPatches: NAT,
type: ATOM, insideVisible: BOOLEAN ← FALSE] ~ {

surface: REF PtrPatchSequence;

shape.surface ← NEW[ PtrPatchSequence[shape.numSurfaces] ];

surface ← NARROW[shape.surface, REF PtrPatchSequence];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..nPatches) DO -- Read Patchs

nVtces: NAT ← IO.GetInt[in];

surface[i] ← NEW[PtrPatch[nVtces]];

surface[i].nVtces ← nVtces;

surface[i].type ← type;

surface[i].oneSided ← NOT insideVisible;

FOR j: NAT IN [0..nVtces) DO

surface[i].vtxPtr[j] ← IO.GetInt[in] - 1; -- switch to counting from zero

ENDLOOP;

};

GetPatchColors: PUBLIC PROC[shape: REF ShapeInstance, fileName: Rope.ROPE] ~ {

in: IO.STREAM;

nPolys: NAT;

patchInfo: REF ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence ← NARROW[

ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ shape, $PatchColors ]

];

[in, nPolys] ← ThreeDScenes.SetUpStandardFile[fileName];

IF patchInfo = NIL THEN patchInfo ← NEW[ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence[nPolys] ];

ThreeDScenes.ReadColors[patchInfo, in, nPolys];

ThreeDScenes.PutShading[ shape, $PatchColors, patchInfo ];

ThreeDScenes.PutShading[ shape, $PatchColorFile, fileName ];

shape.shadingInValid ← TRUE;

};

Procedures for Transformations and Clipping

ClipPoly: PUBLIC PROC[ context: REF Context, poly: REF Patch]
RETURNS [REF Patch] ~ {

Clip: PROC[side: SixSides, pIn, pOut: REF Patch] RETURNS [REF Patch, REF Patch] = {

Dist: PROC[side: SixSides, vtx: Vertex] RETURNS [REAL] = { -- + inside, - outside

RETURN[ Plane3d.DistanceToPt[

[vtx.ex, vtx.ey, vtx.ez],

context.clippingPlanes[side]

] ];

};

lastDist, dist: REAL; outCnt, last: NAT;

IF pIn.nVtces < 3 THEN RETURN[ pIn, pOut ]; -- return if degenerate

outCnt ← 0;

IF pIn.type # $Path THEN {

lastDist ← Dist[side, pIn.vtx[pIn.nVtces - 1].coord];

last ← pIn.nVtces - 1;

};

IF pOut.length < 2 * pIn.nVtces THEN pOut ← NEW[Patch[2 * pIn.nVtces]];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..pIn.nVtces) DO

a, b: REAL;

dist ← Dist[side, pIn.vtx[i].coord];

IF (i # 0 OR pIn.type # $Path) AND lastDist * dist < 0. THEN {

Put out point if clip plane crossed

b ← dist / (dist - lastDist); a ← 1.0 - b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.x ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.x * a + pIn.vtx[last].coord.x * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.y ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.y * a + pIn.vtx[last].coord.y * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.z ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.z * a + pIn.vtx[last].coord.z * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.ex ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.ex * a + pIn.vtx[last].coord.ex * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.ey ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.ey * a + pIn.vtx[last].coord.ey * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.ez ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.ez * a + pIn.vtx[last].coord.ez * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.r ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.r * a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.r * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.g ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.g * a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.g * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.b ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.b * a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.b * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.t ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.t * a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.t * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.ir ← Real.RoundC[

pIn.vtx[i].shade.ir * a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.ir * b ];

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.ig ← Real.RoundC[

pIn.vtx[i].shade.ig * a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.ig * b ];

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.ib ← Real.RoundC[

pIn.vtx[i].shade.ib * a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.ib * b ];

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.it ← Real.RoundC[

pIn.vtx[i].shade.it * a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.it * b ];

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.txtrX ←

pIn.vtx[i].shade.txtrX * a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.txtrX * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.txtrY ←

pIn.vtx[i].shade.txtrY * a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.txtrY * b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.exn ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.exn*a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.exn*b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.eyn ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.eyn*a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.eyn*b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.ezn ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.ezn*a + pIn.vtx[last].shade.ezn*b;

outCnt ← outCnt + 1;

};

IF dist >= 0. THEN { -- put out point if inside

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.x ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.x;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.y ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.y;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.z ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.z;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.ex ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.ex;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.ey ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.ey;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].coord.ez ← pIn.vtx[i].coord.ez;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.r ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.r;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.g ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.g;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.b ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.b;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.t ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.t;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.ir ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.ir;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.ig ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.ig;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.ib ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.ib;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.it ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.it;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.txtrX ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.txtrX;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.txtrY ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.txtrY;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.exn ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.exn;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.eyn ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.eyn;

pOut.vtx[outCnt].shade.ezn ← pIn.vtx[i].shade.ezn;

outCnt ← outCnt + 1;

};

lastDist ← dist; last ← i;

ENDLOOP;

pOut.type ← pIn.type;

pOut.oneSided ← pIn.oneSided;

pOut.nVtces ← outCnt;

pOut.props ← pIn.props;

RETURN [ pOut, pIn ];

}; -- end Clip Proc

orOfCodes: ThreeDScenes.OutCode ← ThreeDScenes.NoneOut;

poly2: REF Patch ← tempPatch2; -- get global temp storage for patch

IF poly.type # $ConvexPolygon AND poly.type # $Path

THEN SIGNAL ThreeDScenes.Error[[$Unimplemented, "Not clippable"]];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..poly.nVtces) DO

orOfCodes ← LOOPHOLE[

Basics.BITOR[LOOPHOLE[orOfCodes], LOOPHOLE[poly.vtx[i].coord.clip]],

ThreeDScenes.OutCode];

ENDLOOP;

IF (poly2 = NIL) OR (poly2.length < 2 * poly.nVtces)

THEN poly2 ← tempPatch2 ← NEW[Patch[2 * poly.nVtces] ];

IF orOfCodes.near THEN [poly, poly2] ← Clip[ Near, poly, poly2];

IF orOfCodes.far THEN [poly, poly2] ← Clip[ Far, poly, poly2];

IF orOfCodes.left THEN [poly, poly2] ← Clip[ Left, poly, poly2];

IF orOfCodes.right THEN [poly, poly2] ← Clip[ Right, poly, poly2];

IF orOfCodes.bottom THEN [poly, poly2] ← Clip[Bottom, poly, poly2];

IF orOfCodes.top THEN [poly, poly2] ← Clip[ Top, poly, poly2];

RETURN[ poly ];

};

GetPatchClipState: PUBLIC PROC[ patch: REF Patch] ~ {

orOfCodes: ThreeDScenes.OutCode ← ThreeDScenes.NoneOut;

andOfCodes: ThreeDScenes.OutCode ← ThreeDScenes.AllOut;

FOR i: NAT IN [0..patch.nVtces) DO

orOfCodes ← LOOPHOLE[

Basics.BITOR[ LOOPHOLE[orOfCodes], LOOPHOLE[patch[i].coord.clip]],

ThreeDScenes.OutCode];

andOfCodes ← LOOPHOLE[

Basics.BITAND[LOOPHOLE[andOfCodes], LOOPHOLE[patch[i].coord.clip]],

ThreeDScenes.OutCode];

ENDLOOP;

IF andOfCodes # ThreeDScenes.NoneOut

THEN patch.clipState ← out

ELSE IF orOfCodes = ThreeDScenes.NoneOut

THEN patch.clipState ← in

ELSE patch.clipState ← clipped;

};

GetPtrPatchClipState: PROC[ shape: REF ShapeInstance, patch: REF PtrPatch] ~ {

orOfCodes: ThreeDScenes.OutCode ← ThreeDScenes.NoneOut;

andOfCodes: ThreeDScenes.OutCode ← ThreeDScenes.AllOut;

FOR j: NAT IN [0..patch.nVtces) DO

k: NAT ← patch.vtxPtr[j];

orOfCodes ← LOOPHOLE[

Basics.BITOR[ LOOPHOLE[orOfCodes], LOOPHOLE[shape.vertex[k].clip]],

ThreeDScenes.OutCode];

andOfCodes ← LOOPHOLE[

Basics.BITAND[LOOPHOLE[andOfCodes], LOOPHOLE[shape.vertex[k].clip]],

ThreeDScenes.OutCode];

ENDLOOP;

IF andOfCodes # ThreeDScenes.NoneOut

THEN patch.clipState ← out

ELSE IF orOfCodes = ThreeDScenes.NoneOut

THEN patch.clipState ← in

ELSE patch.clipState ← clipped;

};

Procedures for expansion to polygons

ShapeDo: PROC[ context: REF Context, shape: REF ShapeInstance, fullExpand: BOOLEAN,
limitType: ATOM, limit: REAL]
RETURNS [REF ShapeInstance] ~ {

MakeRoom: PROC [] ~ { -- ensure enough space for storing expanded shape

IF vertex = NIL -- first we attempt to guess at how much space will be needed

THEN vertex ← NEW[ VertexSequence[newPts.length * shape.numSurfaces] ]

ELSE IF vertex.length < newPts.length + ptIndex -- then we expand as needed

THEN {

vertex2: REF VertexSequence;

IF vertex.length * 2 > LAST[NAT]

THEN SIGNAL ThreeDScenes.Error[[$Unimplemented,
"Sequence too long (Dragon needed)"]];

vertex2 ← NEW[ VertexSequence[vertex.length*2] ];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..vertex.length) DO -- copy old sequence

IF vertex[i] # NIL

THEN vertex2[i] ← NEW[ Vertex ← vertex[i]^ ]

ELSE vertex2[i] ← NEW[ Vertex ];

ENDLOOP;

vertex ← vertex2;

};

IF shade = NIL -- first we attempt to guess at how much space will be needed

THEN shade ← NEW[ ShadingSequence[newPts.length * shape.numSurfaces] ]

ELSE IF shade.length < newPts.length + ptIndex -- then we expand as needed

THEN {

shade2: REF ShadingSequence ← NEW[ ShadingSequence[vertex.length*2] ];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..shade.length) DO -- copy old sequence

IF shade[i] # NIL

THEN shade2[i] ← NEW[ ShadingValue ← shade[i]^ ]

ELSE shade2[i] ← NEW[ ShadingValue ];

ENDLOOP;

shade ← shade2;

};

IF surface = NIL -- first we attempt to guess at how much space will be needed

THEN surface ← NEW[ PtrPatchSequence[newPatches.length * shape.numSurfaces] ]

ELSE IF surface.length < newPatches.length + patchIndex -- then we expand as needed

THEN {

surface2: REF PtrPatchSequence;

IF surface.length * 2 > LAST[NAT]

THEN SIGNAL ThreeDScenes.Error[[$Unimplemented,
"Sequence too long (Dragon needed)"]];

surface2 ← NEW[ PtrPatchSequence[surface.length*2] ];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..surface.length) DO -- copy old sequence

IF surface[i] # NIL

THEN surface2[i] ← NEW[ PtrPatch ← surface[i]^ ]

ELSE surface2[i] ← NEW[ PtrPatch ];

ENDLOOP;

surface ← surface2;

};

patch: REF PtrPatchSequence ← NARROW[ shape.surface ];

vertex: REF ThreeDScenes.VertexSequence;

shade: REF ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence;

surface: REF PtrPatchSequence;

patchInfo: REF ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence ← NARROW[

ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ shape, $PatchColors ]

];

newPts: REF ThreeDScenes.VertexInfoSequence;

newPatches: REF PtrPatchSequence;

ptIndex, patchIndex: INT ← 0;

class: REF ThreeDSurfaces.PatchProcs ← NARROW[
Atom.GetPropFromList[context.props, patch[0].type] ];

IF class = NIL THEN ERROR ThreeDScenes.Error[[$MisMatch, "No class registered"]];

IF fullExpand AND class.expand = NIL

THEN ERROR ThreeDScenes.Error[[$MisMatch, "No expand Proc"]];

IF NOT fullExpand AND class.subdivide = NIL

THEN ERROR ThreeDScenes.Error[[$MisMatch, "No subdivide Proc"]];

FOR pNum: NAT IN [0..shape.numSurfaces) DO

IF fullExpand -- expand patch

THEN [newPts, newPatches] ← class.expand[shape, patch[pNum], limitType, limit]

ELSE [newPts, newPatches] ← class.subdivide[shape, patch[pNum], limitType, limit];

MakeRoom[]; -- get storage space for expanded shape

FOR i: NAT IN [0..newPts.length) DO -- copy the vertices into the whole

vertex[i+ptIndex] ← NEW[ ThreeDScenes.Vertex ];

vertex[i+ptIndex]^ ← newPts[i].coord;

shade[i+ptIndex] ← NEW[ ThreeDScenes.ShadingValue ];

shade[i+ptIndex]^ ← newPts[i].shade;

IF patchInfo # NIL THEN {

shade[i+ptIndex].r ← shade[i+ptIndex].r * patchInfo[pNum].r;

shade[i+ptIndex].g ← shade[i+ptIndex].g * patchInfo[pNum].g;

shade[i+ptIndex].b ← shade[i+ptIndex].b * patchInfo[pNum].b;

};

ENDLOOP;

FOR i: NAT IN [0..newPatches.length) DO -- copy the polygons into the whole

surface[i+patchIndex] ← NEW[ PtrPatch[newPatches[i].length] ];

FOR j: NAT IN [0..newPatches[i].length) DO

surface[i+patchIndex][j] ← newPatches[i][j] + ptIndex;

ENDLOOP;

surface[i+patchIndex].type ← newPatches[i].type;

surface[i+patchIndex].oneSided ← newPatches[i].oneSided;

surface[i+patchIndex].nVtces ← newPatches[i].length;

surface[i+patchIndex].clipState ← newPatches[i].clipState;

surface[i+patchIndex].props ← newPatches[i].props;

ENDLOOP;

ptIndex ← ptIndex + newPts.length; -- update the indices

patchIndex ← patchIndex + newPatches.length;

ENDLOOP;

IF fullExpand THEN shape.type ← $ConvexPolygon; -- set type to polygons if fully expanded

shape.vertex ← vertex; -- point the shape at the new data

shape.shade ← shade;

shape.surface ← surface;

shape.numSurfaces ← surface.length;

ThreeDScenes.PutShading[ shape, $PatchColors, NIL ];

shape.shadingInValid ← TRUE;

shape.vtcesInValid ← TRUE;

RETURN[shape];

};

ShapeExpand: PUBLIC PROC[ context: REF Context, shape: REF ShapeInstance,
limitType: ATOM ← NIL, limit: REAL ← 0.0]
RETURNS [REF ShapeInstance] ~ {

Expands a whole shape, calling procedures supplied by the surface type

RETURN[ ShapeDo[ context, shape, TRUE, limitType, limit ] ];

};

ShapeSubdivide: PUBLIC PROC[ context: REF Context, shape: REF ShapeInstance,
limitType: ATOM ← NIL, limit: REAL ← 0.0]
RETURNS [REF ShapeInstance] ~ {

Subdivide a whole shape once, calling procedures supplied by the surface type

RETURN[ ShapeDo[ context, shape, FALSE, limitType, limit ] ];

};

ExpandToLines: PROC[ context: REF Context, patch: REF Patch,
action: PROC[context: REF Context, patch: REF Patch] ] ~ {

expand a patch into curved lines, pass them as "$Paths"

class: REF ThreeDSurfaces.PatchProcs ← NARROW[
Atom.GetPropFromList[context.props, patch.type] ];

IF class = NIL THEN ERROR ThreeDScenes.Error[[$MisMatch, "No class registered"]];

class.displayLines[context, patch, NIL, 0.0, action]; -- expand to default limit and display

PROC[ context: REF Context, patch: REF Patch, limitType: ATOM, limit: REAL, action: PROC];

};

limitInPixels: REAL ← 2.0;

ExpandToConvexPolys: PROC[ context: REF Context, patch: REF Patch,
action: PROC[context: REF Context, patch: REF Patch] ] ~ {

expand a patch into displayable polygons

class: REF ThreeDSurfaces.PatchProcs ← NARROW[
Atom.GetPropFromList[context.props, patch.type] ];

IF class = NIL THEN ERROR ThreeDScenes.Error[[$MisMatch, "No class registered"]];

IF context.alphaBuffer

THEN class.display[context, patch, NIL, 0.0, action] -- expand to maximum and display

ELSE class.display[context, patch, NIL, limitInPixels, action]; -- expand for quick display

PROC[ context: REF Context, patch: REF Patch, limitType: ATOM, limit: REAL, action: PROC];

};

RegisterSurfaceType: PUBLIC PROC[ context: REF Context,
type: ATOM, procs: REF ThreeDSurfaces.PatchProcs ] ~ {

context.props ← Atom.PutPropOnList[context.props, type, procs];

};

Procedures for Shading

BackFacing: PUBLIC PROC[ poly: REF Patch, useEyeSpace: BOOLEAN ← FALSE]
RETURNS [BOOLEAN] ~ {

Assumes left-handed space (eye space or screen space)

SELECT poly.type FROM

$ConvexPolygon => IF useEyeSpace

THEN {

Backfacing test based on first vertex and adjacent vertices

this: ThreeDScenes.VertexInfo ← poly.vtx[0];

next: ThreeDScenes.VertexInfo ← poly.vtx[1];

last: ThreeDScenes.VertexInfo ← poly.vtx[2];

last: ThreeDScenes.VertexInfo ← poly.vtx[poly.nVtces - 1];

direction: Triple ← Vector3d.Normalize[Vector3d.Cross[

[next.coord.ex - this.coord.ex, next.coord.ey - this.coord.ey, next.coord.ez - this.coord.ez],

[last.coord.ex - this.coord.ex, last.coord.ey - this.coord.ey, last.coord.ez - this.coord.ez] ] ];

RETURN[ Vector3d.Dot[[this.coord.ex, this.coord.ey, this.coord.ez] , direction] > 0. ];

}

ELSE { -- do check in image space, rejecting eensy polygon edges

s: REAL ← 1.0 / ScanConvert.justNoticeable; -- scales visible feature size to 1

FOR i: NAT IN [0..poly.nVtces) DO

this: ThreeDScenes.VertexInfo ← poly.vtx[i];

next: ThreeDScenes.VertexInfo ← poly.vtx[(i+1) MOD poly.nVtces];

last: ThreeDScenes.VertexInfo ← poly.vtx[(i+poly.nVtces-1) MOD poly.nVtces];

zNorm: INT ← -- integer computation of z-coord of normal

( Real.Fix[s*next.coord.sx - s*this.coord.sx] )

* ( Real.Fix[s*last.coord.sy - s*this.coord.sy] )

- ( Real.Fix[s*next.coord.sy - s*this.coord.sy] )

* ( Real.Fix[s*last.coord.sx - s*this.coord.sx] );

IF zNorm # 0 THEN RETURN[ zNorm > 0 ]

ENDLOOP;

SIGNAL ThreeDScenes.Error[[$Condition, "Edges too small for stable arithmetic"]];

};

$Bezier => {

Backfacing test based on convex hull being hidden behind its base

SIGNAL ThreeDScenes.Error[[$Unimplemented, "Backfacing for patches not done"]];

};

ENDCASE => SIGNAL ThreeDScenes.Error[[$Unimplemented, "Unknown type"]];

RETURN[ FALSE ];

};

ShadePoly: PUBLIC PROC[ context: REF Context, poly: REF Patch] ~ {

ref: REF ← Atom.GetPropFromList[poly.props, $Shininess];

shininess: REAL ← IF ref # NIL THEN NARROW[ref, REF REAL]^ ELSE 0.0;

clr: RGB;

transmittance: REAL;

shading: ATOM ← NARROW[ Atom.GetPropFromList[ poly.props, $Type ] ];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..poly.nVtces) DO

IF shading = $Faceted THEN { -- calculate normals from vertex coords

lVtx: NAT ← (i + poly.nVtces - 1) MOD poly.nVtces;

nVtx: NAT ← (i + 1) MOD poly.nVtces;

[[ poly[i].shade.exn, poly[i].shade.eyn, poly[i].shade.ezn ]] ← Vector3d.Cross[

[ poly[nVtx].coord.ex - poly[i].coord.ex, -- in eyespace, so do left-handed

poly[nVtx].coord.ey - poly[i].coord.ey,

poly[nVtx].coord.ez - poly[i].coord.ez ],

[ poly[lVtx].coord.ex - poly[i].coord.ex,

poly[lVtx].coord.ey - poly[i].coord.ey,

poly[lVtx].coord.ez - poly[i].coord.ez ]

];

};

[clr, transmittance] ← ThreeDScenes.ShadePt[context, poly[i], 0.0];

poly.vtx[i].shade.ir ← Real.FixC[clr.R * 255.0];

poly.vtx[i].shade.ig ← Real.FixC[clr.G * 255.0];

poly.vtx[i].shade.ib ← Real.FixC[clr.B * 255.0];

poly.vtx[i].shade.it ← Real.FixC[ transmittance * 255.0];

ENDLOOP;

};

GetShades: PUBLIC PROC[context: REF Context, shape: REF ShapeInstance] ~ {

Calculate shades for Faceted shading (Used for quick display)

AverageVertices: PROC[poly: REF PtrPatch] RETURNS[vtx: Vertex] ~ {

FOR i: NAT IN [0..poly.nVtces) DO

addVtx: Vertex ← shape.vertex[poly.vtxPtr[i]]^;

vtx.x ← vtx.x + addVtx.x; vtx.y ← vtx.y + addVtx.y; vtx.z ← vtx.z + addVtx.z;

vtx.ex ← vtx.ex + addVtx.ex; vtx.ey ← vtx.ey + addVtx.ey; vtx.ez ← vtx.ez + addVtx.ez;

vtx.sx ← vtx.sx + addVtx.sx; vtx.sy ← vtx.sy + addVtx.sy; vtx.sz ← vtx.sz + addVtx.sz;

vtx.clip ← LOOPHOLE[ Basics.BITOR[ LOOPHOLE[vtx.clip], LOOPHOLE[addVtx.clip] ],
ThreeDScenes.OutCode];

ENDLOOP;

vtx.x ← vtx.x/poly.nVtces; vtx.y ← vtx.y/poly.nVtces; vtx.z ← vtx.z/poly.nVtces;

vtx.ex ← vtx.ex/poly.nVtces; vtx.ey ← vtx.ey/poly.nVtces; vtx.ez ← vtx.ez/poly.nVtces;

vtx.sx ← vtx.sx/poly.nVtces; vtx.sy ← vtx.sy/poly.nVtces; vtx.sz ← vtx.sz/poly.nVtces;

};

poly: REF PtrPatchSequence;

polyShades: REF ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence ← NARROW[

ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ shape, $PatchColors ]

];

ref: REF ← Atom.GetPropFromList[shape.shadingProps, $Shininess];

shininess: REAL ← IF ref # NIL THEN NARROW[ref, REF REAL]^ ELSE 0.0;

clr: RGB;

IF shape.surface = NIL OR polyShades = NIL
OR ThreeDScenes.GetShading[shape, $Type] # $Faceted THEN {

SIGNAL ThreeDScenes.Error[[$Condition, "Data missing for faceted shading"]];

RETURN;

};

poly ← NARROW[ shape.surface, REF PtrPatchSequence ];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..poly.length) DO

IF poly[i] # NIL THEN {

trns: REAL ← 0.0; -- transmittance

vtx: Vertex ← AverageVertices[poly[i]];

pt: ThreeDScenes.VertexInfo ← [ vtx, polyShades[i]^, NIL ];

[clr, trns] ← ThreeDScenes.ShadePt[context, pt, shininess]; -- calculate shade

IF polyShades[i] = NIL THEN polyShades[i] ← NEW[ ThreeDScenes.ShadingValue ];

polyShades[i].ir ← Real.FixC[clr.R * 255.0];

polyShades[i].ig ← Real.FixC[clr.G * 255.0];

polyShades[i].ib ← Real.FixC[clr.B * 255.0];

polyShades[i].it ← Real.FixC[ trns * 255.0];

};

ENDLOOP;

ThreeDScenes.PutShading[ shape, $PatchColors, polyShades ]

};

GetNormal: PROC[vertex: REF ThreeDScenes.VertexSequence,
poly: REF PtrPatch, cVtx: NAT]
RETURNS[normal: Triple] ~ {

lVtx: NAT ← (cVtx + poly.nVtces - 1) MOD poly.nVtces;

nVtx: NAT ← (cVtx + 1) MOD poly.nVtces;

normal ← Vector3d.Cross[ -- in object space so do right-handed

DiffPosns[ vertex[poly.vtxPtr[lVtx]], vertex[poly.vtxPtr[cVtx]] ],

DiffPosns[ vertex[poly.vtxPtr[nVtx]], vertex[poly.vtxPtr[cVtx]] ]

];

};

GetPolyNormals: PUBLIC PROC[shape: REF ShapeInstance] ~ {

Compute Normals, Sum normals at polygon corners to get polygon normal

surface: REF PtrPatchSequence;

patchInfo: REF ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence ← NARROW[

ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ shape, $PatchColors ]

];

IF shape.type # $ConvexPolygon

THEN SIGNAL ThreeDScenes.Error[[$MisMatch, "Operation only for polygons"]];

IF shape.surface = NIL THEN RETURN; -- not a shape (probably a light source)

surface ← NARROW[shape.surface, REF PtrPatchSequence];

IF patchInfo = NIL THEN

patchInfo ← NEW[ ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence[shape.numSurfaces] ];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..patchInfo.length) DO

IF surface[i] # NIL THEN {

sumNmls: Triple ← [0., 0., 0.];

FOR cVtx: NAT IN [0..surface[i].nVtces) DO

sumNmls ← Vector3d.Add[ sumNmls,
GetNormal[shape.vertex, surface[i], cVtx] ];

ENDLOOP;

sumNmls ← Vector3d.Normalize[sumNmls];

IF patchInfo[i] = NIL THEN patchInfo[i] ← NEW[ ThreeDScenes.ShadingValue ];

patchInfo[i].xn ← sumNmls.x;

patchInfo[i].yn ← sumNmls.y;

patchInfo[i].zn ← sumNmls.z;

};

ENDLOOP;

ThreeDScenes.PutShading[ shape, $PatchColors, patchInfo ];

shape.vtcesInValid ← TRUE; -- make sure eye-space normals correct

};

GetVtxNormals: PUBLIC PROC[shape: REF ShapeInstance] ~ {

Sum normals for vertices given by adjacent polygon corners, only for polygons!

surface: REF PtrPatchSequence ← NARROW[shape.surface];

IF shape.type # $ConvexPolygon

THEN SIGNAL ThreeDScenes.Error[[$MisMatch, "Operation only for polygons"]];

IF shape.shade = NIL OR shape.shade.length # shape.vertex.length THEN {

shape.shade ← NEW[ ThreeDScenes.ShadingSequence[shape.vertex.length] ];

IF ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ shape, $Type ] = NIL
OR ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ shape, $Type ] = $Faceted

THEN ThreeDScenes.PutShading[ shape, $Type, $Smooth];

};

FOR i: NAT IN [0..shape.vertex.length) DO

IF shape.shade[i] = NIL THEN shape.shade[i] ← NEW[ ThreeDScenes.ShadingValue ];

shape.shade[i].xn ← shape.shade[i].yn ← shape.shade[i].zn ← 0.0;

ENDLOOP;

FOR i: NAT IN [0..shape.numSurfaces) DO -- get normals at vertices, add to earlier ones

IF surface[i] # NIL THEN FOR cVtx: NAT IN [0..surface[i].nVtces) DO

OPEN shape.shade[surface[i].vtxPtr[cVtx]];

cornerNormal: Triple ← GetNormal[ shape.vertex, surface[i], cVtx ];

[[xn, yn, zn]] ← Vector3d.Add[ cornerNormal, [xn, yn, zn]];

ENDLOOP;

FOR i: NAT IN [0..shape.shade.length) DO

IF shape.shade[i] # NIL THEN {

OPEN shape.shade[i];

[[xn, yn, zn]] ← Vector3d.Normalize[ [xn, yn, zn] ];

};

ENDLOOP;

shape.vtcesInValid ← TRUE; -- make sure eye-space normals correct

};

Procedures for Sorting and Display

LoadSortSequence: PUBLIC PROC[ context: REF Context,
buckets: REF ThreeDSurfaces.SortSequence ← NIL ]
RETURNS[REF ThreeDSurfaces.SortSequence] ~ {

shape: REF ThreeDScenes.ShapeSequence ← context.shapes;

patchCount: CARDINAL ← 0;

bucketListPtr: NAT ← context.depthResolution;

minDepth: REAL ← context.yonLimit;

maxDepth: REAL ← context.hitherLimit;

zScale: REAL ← 1.;

FOR i: NAT IN [0.. shape.length) DO -- get minimum and maximum depth and patch count

IF shape[i] # NIL AND Atom.GetPropFromList[shape[i].props, $Hidden] = NIL THEN

IF shape[i].clipState # out AND shape[i].surface # NIL THEN {

radius: REAL ← shape[i].boundingRadius;

IF shape[i].centroid.ez - radius < minDepth

THEN minDepth ← shape[i].centroid.ez - radius;

IF shape[i].centroid.ez + radius > maxDepth

THEN maxDepth ← shape[i].centroid.ez + radius;

patchCount ← patchCount + shape[i].numSurfaces;

};

ENDLOOP;

minDepth ← MAX[minDepth, 0]; -- nothing allowed behind the eyepoint

IF (maxDepth - minDepth) > 0.

THEN zScale ← (context.depthResolution - 1) / (maxDepth - minDepth);

IF buckets = NIL OR buckets.length < patchCount + context.depthResolution THEN {

buckets ← NEW[ThreeDSurfaces.SortSequence[patchCount + context.depthResolution]];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..buckets.length) DO -- initialize elements of sort structure

buckets[i] ← NEW[ ShapePatch ← [NIL, 0, 0] ];

ENDLOOP;

};

FOR i: NAT IN [0..context.depthResolution) DO -- clear structure for new sort

buckets[i].shape ← NIL; buckets[i].next ← 0;

ENDLOOP;

FOR s: NAT IN [0.. shape.length) DO -- Enter patches (by z-centroid) in bucket lists

IF shape[s] # NIL AND Atom.GetPropFromList[shape[s].props, $Hidden] = NIL THEN

IF shape[s].clipState # out AND shape[s].surface # NIL THEN {

patch: REF PtrPatchSequence ← NARROW[shape[s].surface];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..shape[s].numSurfaces) DO

IF patch[i] # NIL THEN {

zSum: REAL ← 0.;

iz: INTEGER;

IF shape[s].clipState = in THEN { -- unclipped, inside

FOR j: NAT IN [0..patch[i].nVtces) DO

zSum ← zSum + shape[s].vertex[patch[i].vtxPtr[j]].ez;

ENDLOOP;

iz ← Real.FixI[zScale * ((zSum / patch[i].nVtces) - minDepth)];

patch[i].clipState ← in;

}

ELSE IF shape[s].clipState = clipped THEN { -- clipped, evaluate clipping tags

GetPtrPatchClipState[ shape[s], patch[i]];

IF patch[i].clipState # out THEN {

FOR j: NAT IN [0..patch[i].nVtces) DO

k: NAT ← patch[i].vtxPtr[j];

zSum ← zSum + shape[s].vertex[k].ez;

ENDLOOP;

iz ← Real.FixI[zScale * ((zSum / patch[i].nVtces) - minDepth)];

IF iz < 0 THEN iz ← 0;

};

IF patch[i].clipState # out THEN {

IF buckets[iz].shape # NIL THEN { -- previous entry in this bucket

buckets[bucketListPtr].next ← buckets[iz].next;

buckets[iz].next ← bucketListPtr;

iz ← bucketListPtr; bucketListPtr ← bucketListPtr + 1;

};

buckets[iz].shape ← shape[s];

buckets[iz].patch ← i;

};

ENDLOOP;

};

ENDLOOP;

RETURN[ buckets ];

};

GetDepths: PROC[ context: REF Context] ~ {

shape: REF ThreeDScenes.ShapeSequence ← context.shapes;

minDepth: REAL ← context.yonLimit;

maxDepth: REAL ← context.hitherLimit;

zScale: REAL ← 1.;

FOR i: NAT IN [0.. shape.length) DO -- get minimum and maximum depth

IF shape[i] # NIL AND Atom.GetPropFromList[shape[i].props, $Hidden] = NIL THEN

IF shape[i].clipState # out AND shape[i].surface # NIL THEN {

radius: REAL ← shape[i].boundingRadius;

IF shape[i].centroid.ez - radius < minDepth

THEN minDepth ← shape[i].centroid.ez - radius;

IF shape[i].centroid.ez + radius > maxDepth

THEN maxDepth ← shape[i].centroid.ez + radius;

};

ENDLOOP;

minDepth ← MAX[minDepth, context.hitherLimit]; -- nothing allowed behind the eyepoint

IF (maxDepth - minDepth) > 0.

THEN zScale ← (context.depthResolution - 1) / (maxDepth - minDepth);

FOR s: NAT IN [0.. shape.length) DO

IF shape[s] # NIL AND Atom.GetPropFromList[shape[s].props, $Hidden] = NIL THEN

IF shape[s].clipState # out AND shape[s].surface # NIL THEN {

patch: REF PtrPatchSequence ← NARROW[shape[s].surface];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..shape[s].numSurfaces) DO

IF patch[i] # NIL THEN

IF shape[s].clipState = in

THEN { -- unclipped, inside

FOR j: NAT IN [0..patch[i].nVtces) DO

shape[s].vertex[patch[i].vtxPtr[j]].sz ←
zScale * (shape[s].vertex[patch[i].vtxPtr[j]].ez - minDepth);

ENDLOOP;

patch[i].clipState ← in;

}

ELSE IF shape[s].clipState = clipped THEN -- clipped, ensure positive result

FOR j: NAT IN [0..patch[i].nVtces) DO

shape[s].vertex[patch[i].vtxPtr[j]].sz ← MAX[

0.0,

zScale * (shape[s].vertex[patch[i].vtxPtr[j]].ez - minDepth)

];

ENDLOOP;

};

ENDLOOP;

};

currentColor: SampleSet; -- global color for line drawings

currentShape: REF ShapeInstance;

UpdateShapeCache: PROC[context: REF Context, shape: REF ShapeInstance] ~ {

currentShape ← shape;

IF NARROW[ Atom.GetPropFromList[shape.shadingProps, $Type ], ATOM ] = $Lines

THEN currentColor ← ShapetoColorBytes[context, shape];

};

DoBackToFront: PUBLIC PROC[ context: REF Context,
sortSeq: REF ThreeDSurfaces.SortSequence,
action: PROC[REF ThreeDSurfaces.ShapePatch] ] ~ {

FOR i: NAT DECREASING IN [0..context.depthResolution) DO

j: NAT ← i;

WHILE sortSeq[j].shape # NIL DO

IF sortSeq[j].shape # currentShape THEN UpdateShapeCache[context, sortSeq[j].shape];

action[sortSeq[j]]; -- call back with next polygon in order

j ← sortSeq[j].next;

IF j = 0 THEN EXIT;

ENDLOOP;

CombineBoxes[context]; -- get combined bounding box on scene

};

DoFrontToBack: PUBLIC PROC[ context: REF Context,
sortSeq: REF ThreeDSurfaces.SortSequence,
action: PROC[REF ThreeDSurfaces.ShapePatch] ] ~ {

FOR i: NAT IN [0..context.depthResolution) DO

j: NAT ← i;

WHILE sortSeq[j].shape # NIL DO

IF sortSeq[j].shape # currentShape THEN UpdateShapeCache[context, sortSeq[j].shape];

action[sortSeq[j]]; -- call back with next polygon in order

j ← sortSeq[j].next;

IF j = 0 THEN EXIT;

ENDLOOP;

CombineBoxes[context]; -- get combined bounding box on scene

};

DoForPatches: PUBLIC PROC[ context: REF Context, set: REF ThreeDScenes.ShapeSequence,
patchAction: PROC[REF ThreeDSurfaces.ShapePatch],
shapeAction: PROC[REF ThreeDScenes.ShapeInstance] ← NIL ] ~ {

FOR s: NAT IN [0..set.length) DO IF Atom.GetPropFromList[set[s].props, $Hidden] = NIL

THEN {

IF set[s].clipState = in AND set[s].type = $ConvexPolygon AND shapeAction # NIL

THEN shapeAction[set[s]]

ELSE IF set[s].clipState # out AND set[s].surface # NIL THEN {

patch: REF PtrPatchSequence ← NARROW[set[s].surface];

currentColor ← ShapetoColorBytes[context, set[s]]; -- set color for shape

FOR i: NAT IN [0..set[s].numSurfaces) DO IF patch[i] # NIL THEN {

IF set[s].clipState = in

THEN patch[i].clipState ← in -- unclipped, inside

ELSE IF set[s].clipState = clipped

THEN GetPtrPatchClipState[ set[s], patch[i] ]

ELSE patch[i].clipState ← out;

IF patch[i].clipState # out THEN patchAction[NEW[ ShapePatch ← [set[s], i, 0] ]];

};

ENDLOOP;

};

ENDLOOP;

};

ShowObjects: PUBLIC PROC[ context: REF Context, frontToBack: BOOLEAN ← FALSE ] ~ {

ShowPatch: PROC[p: REF ThreeDSurfaces.ShapePatch] ~{

patch: REF Patch ← ShapePatchToPatch[ context, p ];

OutputPatch[ context, patch ];

};

shape: REF ThreeDScenes.ShapeSequence ← context.shapes;

Get Everything (including light centroids) into eyespace

FOR i: NAT IN [0.. shape.length) DO

IF Atom.GetPropFromList[shape[i].props, $Hidden] = NIL OR shape[i].type = $Light

THEN IF shape[i].vtcesInValid THEN {

shape[i].clipState ← ThreeDScenes.XfmToEyeSpace[ context, shape[i] ];

IF shape[i].clipState # out THEN ThreeDScenes.XfmToDisplay[context, shape[i] ];

};

ENDLOOP;

FOR i: NAT IN [0.. shape.length) DO -- now, get it shaded

IF shape[i].shadingInValid AND (shape[i].clipState # out) THEN {

IF ThreeDScenes.GetShading[ shape[i], $Type ] = $Faceted

THEN GetShades[ context, shape[i] ];

ThreeDScenes.GetVtxShades[ context, shape[i] ];

};

ENDLOOP;

IF context.depthBuffer

THEN { GetDepths[context]; DoForPatches[context, context.shapes, ShowPatch]; }

ELSE {

context.sortSequence ← LoadSortSequence[context, NARROW[context.sortSequence] ];

IF frontToBack

THEN DoFrontToBack[context, NARROW[context.sortSequence], ShowPatch]

ELSE DoBackToFront[context, NARROW[context.sortSequence], ShowPatch];

};

ShowWireFrameObjects: PUBLIC PROC[context: REF Context ] ~ {

ShowPatch: PROC[p: REF ThreeDSurfaces.ShapePatch] ~{

patch: REF Patch ← ShapePatchToPatch[ context, p ];

OutputPatchEdges[ context, patch ];

};

ShowShape: PROC[s: REF ThreeDScenes.ShapeInstance] ~{

OutputShapeLines[ context, s ];

};

shape: REF ThreeDScenes.ShapeSequence ← context.shapes;

FOR i: NAT IN [0.. shape.length) DO

IF Atom.GetPropFromList[shape[i].props, $Hidden] = NIL AND shape[i].vtcesInValid THEN {

shape[i].clipState ← ThreeDScenes.XfmToEyeSpace[ context, shape[i] ];

IF shape[i].clipState # out THEN ThreeDScenes.XfmToDisplay[context, shape[i] ];

};

ENDLOOP;

IF context.renderMode = $LF OR context.renderMode = $Dithered

THEN ThreeDMisc.SetNamedColor[context, "White" ];

IF context.alphaBuffer

THEN DoForPatches[context, context.shapes, ShowPatch]

ELSE DoForPatches[context, context.shapes, ShowPatch, ShowShape];

CombineBoxes[context]; -- get combined bounding box on scene

};

EdgesToPolygons: PROC[context: REF Context, patch: REF Patch] ~ {

Make a polygon for each edge and tile it

baseRadius: REAL ← .003;

limit: NAT ← IF patch.type = $Path THEN patch.nVtces - 1 ELSE patch.nVtces;

edge: REF Patch ← NEW[ Patch[6] ];

MakeEdge: PROC[pt1, pt2: ThreeDScenes.VertexInfo] ~ {

dirX, dirY, mag, offSetX1, offSetY1, offSetX2, offSetY2: REAL;

dirX ← pt2.coord.ex - pt1.coord.ex; -- get unit vector in edge direction

dirY ← pt2.coord.ey - pt1.coord.ey;

mag ← RealFns.SqRt[ Sqr[dirX] + Sqr[dirY] ];

IF mag < ScanConvert.justNoticeable THEN RETURN[]; -- quit if too short to be seen

dirX ← dirX / mag; dirY ← dirY / mag;

offSetX1 ← dirX * baseRadius; offSetY1 ← dirY * baseRadius;

offSetX2 ← dirX * baseRadius; offSetY2 ← dirY * baseRadius;

FOR i: NAT IN [0..3) DO edge[i] ← pt1; ENDLOOP;

FOR i: NAT IN [3..6) DO edge[i] ← pt2; ENDLOOP;

edge[0].coord.ex ← edge[0].coord.ex+offSetY1; edge[0].coord.ey ← edge[0].coord.ey-offSetX1;

edge[1].coord.ex ← edge[1].coord.ex-offSetX1; edge[1].coord.ey ← edge[1].coord.ey-offSetY1;

edge[2].coord.ex ← edge[2].coord.ex-offSetY1; edge[2].coord.ey ← edge[2].coord.ey+offSetX1;

edge[3].coord.ex ← edge[3].coord.ex-offSetY2; edge[3].coord.ey ← edge[3].coord.ey+offSetX2;

edge[4].coord.ex ← edge[4].coord.ex+offSetX2; edge[4].coord.ey ← edge[4].coord.ey+offSetY2;

edge[5].coord.ex ← edge[5].coord.ex+offSetY2; edge[5].coord.ey ← edge[5].coord.ey-offSetX2;

IF edge.clipState = in THEN FOR i: NAT IN [0..6) DO

OPEN edge[i].coord;

[[sx, sy, sz]] ← ThreeDScenes.XfmPtToDisplay[ context, [ex, ey, ez] ];

ENDLOOP;

OutputPatch[context, edge];

};

edge.type ← $ConvexPolygon;

edge.nVtces ← 6;

edge.oneSided ← patch.oneSided;

edge.clipState ← patch.clipState;

edge.props ← Atom.PutPropOnList[ NIL, $Type, $Smooth ];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..limit) DO

MakeEdge[ patch[i], patch[(i+1) MOD patch.nVtces] ];

ENDLOOP;

};

OutputShapeLines: PUBLIC PROC[context: REF Context,
s: REF ThreeDScenes.ShapeInstance] ~ {

Unclipped shape output

ax, ay, bx, by: NAT;

color: SampleSet ← ShapetoColorBytes[context, s];

imagerCtx: Imager.Context;

usingImager: BOOLEAN ← FALSE;

patches: REF PtrPatchSequence;

IF s.surface = NIL THEN RETURN;

IF context.renderMode = $LF OR context.renderMode = $Dithered THEN {

IF context.renderMode = $Dithered THEN {

usingImager ← TRUE;

imagerCtx ← ThreeDMisc.GetImagerContext[context];

};

patches ← NARROW[s.surface, REF PtrPatchSequence];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..s.numSurfaces) DO

IF patches[i].type # $ConvexPolygon

THEN SIGNAL ThreeDScenes.Error[[$MisMatch, "Operation only for convex polygons"]]

ELSE FOR j: NAT IN [0..patches[i].nVtces] DO

k: NAT ← IF j = patches[i].nVtces THEN 0 ELSE j;

bx ← Real.RoundC[s.vertex[patches[i].vtxPtr[k]].sx];

by ← Real.RoundC[s.vertex[patches[i].vtxPtr[k]].sy];

IF j > 0 THEN

IF NOT usingImager

THEN ScanConvert.PutLine[ context.display, [ax,ay], [bx,by], color ]

ELSE Imager.MaskVectorI[ imagerCtx, ax, ay, bx, by ];

ax ← bx; ay ← by;

ENDLOOP;

IF stopMe THEN HoldEverything[]; -- shut down if stop signal received

ENDLOOP;

};

OutputPatchEdges: PUBLIC PROC[context: REF Context, patch: REF Patch] ~ {

imagerCtx: Imager.Context;

usingImager: BOOLEAN ← FALSE;

IF patch = NIL OR patch.clipState = out THEN RETURN[]; -- reject if outside frame

IF patch.type # $ConvexPolygon AND patch.type # $Path -- expand to curves

THEN { ExpandToLines[context, patch, OutputPatchEdges]; RETURN[]; };

IF context.alphaBuffer -- antialiased

THEN { EdgesToPolygons[context, patch]; RETURN[]; };

IF context.renderMode = $LF OR context.renderMode = $Dithered THEN {

IF context.renderMode = $Dithered THEN {

usingImager ← TRUE;

imagerCtx ← ThreeDMisc.GetImagerContext[context];

};

IF patch.clipState = in THEN {

ax, ay, bx, by: NAT;

limit: NAT ← IF patch.type = $Path THEN patch.nVtces - 1 ELSE patch.nVtces;

FOR j: NAT IN [0..limit] DO

i: NAT ← IF j = patch.nVtces THEN 0 ELSE j;

bx ← Real.RoundC[patch[i].coord.sx];

by ← Real.RoundC[patch[i].coord.sy];

IF j > 0 THEN

IF NOT usingImager

THEN ScanConvert.PutLine[ context.display, [ax,ay], [bx,by], currentColor ]

ELSE Imager.MaskVectorI[ imagerCtx, ax, ay, bx, by ];

ax ← bx; ay ← by;

ENDLOOP;

}

ELSE IF patch.clipState = clipped THEN {

patch ← ClipPoly[ context, patch ];

IF patch.nVtces > 2 OR ( patch.type = $Path AND patch.nVtces > 1 ) THEN {

ax, ay, bx, by: NAT;

limit: NAT ← IF patch.type = $Path THEN patch.nVtces - 1 ELSE patch.nVtces;

FOR j: NAT IN [0..limit] DO

i: NAT ← IF j = patch.nVtces THEN 0 ELSE j;

x, y, z: REAL;

[[x, y, z]] ← ThreeDScenes.XfmPtToDisplay[

context,

[patch[i].coord.ex, patch[i].coord.ey, patch[i].coord.ez]

];

bx ← Real.RoundC[x]; by ← Real.RoundC[y];

IF j > 0 THEN

IF NOT usingImager

THEN ScanConvert.PutLine[ context.display, [ax,ay], [bx,by], currentColor ]

ELSE Imager.MaskVectorI[ imagerCtx, ax, ay, bx, by ];

ax ← bx; ay ← by;

ENDLOOP;

};

IF stopMe THEN HoldEverything[]; -- shut down if stop signal received

};

OutputPatch: PUBLIC PROC[context: REF Context, patch: REF Patch] ~ {

IF patch = NIL OR patch.clipState = out THEN RETURN[]; -- reject if outside frame

IF NARROW[ Atom.GetPropFromList[patch.props, $Type ], ATOM ] = $Lines THEN {

OutputPatchEdges[context, patch]; -- to show sorted, anti-aliased line drawings

RETURN[];

};

IF patch.type # $ConvexPolygon -- catch unexpanded patches, etc.

THEN { ExpandToConvexPolys[context, patch, OutputPatch]; RETURN; };

IF NARROW[ Atom.GetPropFromList[patch.props, $Type ], ATOM ] = $Lines THEN {

OutputPatchEdges[context, patch]; -- to show expanded curved patches, etc

RETURN[];

};

IF patch.clipState = clipped THEN {

patch ← ClipPoly[context, patch];

FOR i: NAT IN [0..patch.nVtces) DO OPEN patch[i].coord;

[[sx, sy, sz]] ← ThreeDScenes.XfmPtToDisplay[context, [ex, ey, ez]];

ENDLOOP;

};

IF patch.nVtces > 2 THEN {

IF NOT BackFacing[ patch
! ThreeDScenes.Error => IF reason.code = $Condition
THEN GO TO GiveUp
]

THEN Tilers.PolygonTiler[context, patch]

ELSE IF patch.oneSided -- backfacing!!

THEN RETURN[] -- Reject if closed surface

ELSE {

FOR i: NAT IN [0..patch.nVtces) DO -- recalculate shading for back side

r, g, b, t: REAL;

patch[i].shade.exn ← -patch[i].shade.exn; -- reverse normals

patch[i].shade.eyn ← -patch[i].shade.eyn;

patch[i].shade.ezn ← -patch[i].shade.ezn;

[[r,g,b], t] ← ThreeDScenes.ShadePt[ context, patch[i], 0.0 ];

patch[i].shade.ir ← Real.FixC[r * 255.0];

patch[i].shade.ig ← Real.FixC[g * 255.0];

patch[i].shade.ib ← Real.FixC[b * 255.0];

patch[i].shade.it ← Real.FixC[ t * 255.0];

ENDLOOP;

FOR i: NAT IN [0..patch.nVtces/2) DO -- reorder to keep clockwise on display

tempVtx: ThreeDScenes.VertexInfo ← patch[i];

patch[i] ← patch[patch.nVtces-1 - i];

patch[patch.nVtces-1 - i] ← tempVtx;

ENDLOOP;

Tilers.PolygonTiler[context, patch]

};

EXITS GiveUp => NULL

};

IF stopMe THEN HoldEverything[]; -- shut down if stop signal received

};

END.