Inter-OfficeMemorandumToCedarInterestDateNovember12,1982FromBillPaxtonLocationPaloAltoSubjectTheTiogaEditorOrganizationPARC/ISLXEROXFiledon:[Indigo]Documentation>TiogaDoc.TiogaandTiogaDoc.PressUses:[Indigo]Styles>TiogaDoc.StyleandCedar.StyleTheTiogaEditorIntroductionThisisanoverviewofTiogaasavailableforCedar3.5inNovember,1982.Tiogaisasystemtohelpyoupreparedocuments.Itstwomaincomponentsareaneditorandatypesetter.Theeditorletsyoucreatethetextofadocument.Thetypesettercomposesthetextintopagesforprinting.Tiogaisalreadycapableofdealingwithsimpletechnicalpapersandisalsowellsuitedtomoremundanetaskssuchaswritingprogramsandmemos.Infutureversions,itwillbesuitableforcomplextechnicaldocumentsandbooksandwillsupporttables,mathformulas,andfigurescontainingsyntheticgraphicsorscannedimages.Ifyouarelookingatthisdocumenton-line,youmightwanttousethelevel-clippingfunctiontoseetheoverallstructureratherthansimplyplowingstraightthrough.Hitthe"Levels"buttoninthetopmenu,thenhit"FirstLevelOnly"inthenewmenuthatappears.Thatwillshowyouthemajorsectionheadings.Hit"MoreLevels"toseethesubsections,orhit"AllLevels"toreadthedetails.OverviewSomeeditorsrepresentadocumentasalistofparagraphs.InTioga,adocumentisatreestructureratherthanalistsothatyoucanexplicitlyrepresentitshierarchicalstructure.IndiscussingthedocumenttreeweuseComputerScienceterminologyinwhichabranchisrecursivelydefinedtobeanodehavingzeroormorechildrenbranches.Therootnodeofthedocumenttreeisnotdisplayedalthoughitcanbemodifiedbyafewspecialcommandssothedocumentbasicallyappearstobealistoftop-levelbranches.Eachnodeinthetreecontainstext.Thecharactersofthetextcanhavelookswhichcontrolvariousaspectsoftheirappearancesuchasfontandsize.Appearanceisalsoinfluencedbythe1pqda " p M]d]|-]7f]>8@v MYdY-Y7fY: MV dV <-V 7fV r{Nfp MDpdDp+58r M@d@$/2> s#"8;'. t 35 p/<n a""'*@.l02}9>ACuDI@.3- "%}( 0349;< DF,s'X*H 069a<0?CEU*$',g2U69;N>@ATEG[)=L.!(+0273=>AVCqH'!c$w(+.4\8<CTFh% !'#kuR$),04H6 8; CI@!yb!$)M.39DI@ c'),/ 35;?]B EHu% O )Y+(-0 79; CETHurpo+{$&r')+D 2489@(AyBE1o4!$2 *$0,2 9 @4B HoV<#( 0j26'7Q;=Z D?I@oxE#|(/259M;=DFHyo|P? 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FHw)TVm$formatofthenodewhichdeterminesthingssuchasverticalandhorizontalspacing.Thedocumentcontainsnamesoflooksandformats,butnotthespecificinterpretationofthem.Theinterpretationsareinsteadcollectedinastylewhichcanbesharedbymanydocuments.Forexample,inthestyleforthisdocumenttherearedefinitionsofformatsfortitles,headings,andstandardparagraphs,andtherearedefinitionsoflooksforemphasisandforsmallcaps.Ratherthancopyingthespecificdetailsfortheformatsandlooks,thedocumentreferstothembynamesoitiseasytochangethedefinitionsinthestyleandmodifytheappearanceuniformlythroughoutthedocument.Thedetailsofthestylelanguagewillbedescribedinaforthcomingmemo.UserCategoriesTheTiogauser-interfaceis"layered"sothatbeginninguserscanprotectthemselvesfromtheconfusionthatresultsfrommistakenlygivingacommand.Inwaysdescribedbelow,youcantellthesystemthatyouareeitherabeginner,anintermediate,oranadvanceduser.Ifyoudonothing,thedefaultisbeginner.AsfarastheTiogauser-interfaceisconcerned,theusercategorydetermineswhichkeyboardcommandsarecurrentlyenabled.Asabeginner,yougetthecommandsthatusethespecialkeysattheleftandrightofthekeyboard,plusCTRL-AandCTRL-Wforbackspacecharacterandword,respectively.Asanintermediateuser,youaddalargenumberofcommandsthatuseprintkeysincombinationwiththevariousshiftkeys.Asanadvanceduser,youaddthekeyboardcommandsformanipulatingthedocumenttreestructure.AnycategoryofusercangetatanyofthecommandsbyusingtheEditTool.Theusercategorymechanismismeanttoletyouprotectyourself,nottolimityou.Youarefreetochangeyourowncategoryatanytimeyoufeellikeit.Forexample,todeclareyourselftobeanintermediateuser,edityouruserprofiletosay"UserCategory:intermediate".InputDevicesMouseThemousehasthreebuttonsnamedLEFT,MIDDLE,andRIGHTcorrespondingtotheirphysicallayout.KeyboardUsedforcommandsaswellastextinput.Herearethenamesforthespecialkeys.LOOK(looksshift).toprightblankkey.NEXT.middlerightblankkey.REPEAT.keylabelledESC.DELETE.keylabelledDEL.LOADFILE.keylabelledLF.ThebottomrightblankkeyisanalternativeCTRLkey.YoucanuseeitherCTRLkeyandeitherSHIFTkeyinterchangeably.ScrollingandThumbingTomoveaviewertolookatadifferentpartofthedocument,movethecursorintotheleftmarginuntilitbecomesadoublearrowpointingbothupanddown.Thepartofthemarginthatbecomesgrayiscalledthe"scrollbar".Thedarkgraypartshowstherelativesizeandlocationofthecurrentlyvisibleportionofthedocument.ClickLEFTtomovethetextadjacenttothearrowtothetopoftheviewer.ClickRIGHTtomovethetextfromthetopoftheviewerdowntothearrow.Theseoperationsarecalled"scrolling"thedocument.2vob&pb&nb&Q %),.v3/5 <3ADo`N M%y'*,N1 9;?Ao^Hv^ ^p"^#^&)+0206 >@FHo]0zU " )+$/25;>C o[T  !m%8'-036;#?C6HoYj"%b)h+2V6=7;=AsCHDF+I@oX:B  #&+&-l 4: AD*oVGP#&Q(B.l01D 9uS&_ poPGr} < '1) ,26X9= DHoN 8 '+;,c35j8>CQFHoL+#L$*- 579@DEEHoKQ=QoH x %M& . 039p @DoGNq$l&v'-0W24;>AC`GoEq[{y&-x)!Eq)Eqp,2Eqx,Eqp-Eq.Eqx0Eq1`Eqp3Eqx4Eqp5Eq6Eq7>GD*FoC  #'+),-1?6q8/?ADgGoB# !"%)+-d3_695;>D o@{ <#& .1h7(9(yh"&)~,2;9;#?vAICjFFo=-s\"%;().N149;>#ACCFIAo;p%F'J)+ 4&7:>wAFHo9 B u6rvo3p0n"x'k0(%0p*P0x+*0,;0p/000x3q04E0p708>0 @BCE/Kvo,lp)d4""#&+/1Y37::<Ax1'Bp'Bm'B &'B)R,0yx1$p_$&$+.2x1" p" &" )rx." /W" p0" x1p&)rx./p0x1p~&)rx./Wp0lQX!#8% x+l,lp//l/l25~7:]x>:l?lpAlBclD-FxpW1uYpoy+@(- !'U*$+.48l:>ACF<og{"(=+d-a047B:;=BETo+-EB#&)-0456;>A\FHo S M"* x- .h p1 1q 26}8;ABE2I$o UNx" " p&V & ("+.|1Q47R9;>8BFHno 568 !9%1 ,.tw) TVm$IfyouholddownMIDDLEinthescrollbar,thecursorbecomesaright-pointingarrow.Ifyoumovethecursortox%downfromthetopoftheviewerandletup,theviewerwillchangetostartaboutx%ofthewaythroughthedocument.Thisoperationiscalled"thumbing".ChanginglevelswhenyouscrollInadocumentsuchasthisonethatuseslevelstoreflectitslogicalstructure,itisoftenusefultostartwithaviewofthefirstlevelonlyandthenprogressivelyscrollthedocumentupandshowmorelevelsasyouzoominonaparticulartopic.Thisprocessisslowedwhenyouhavetomovethemousefromthescrollbaruptothelevelsmenuandback,sowehavemadeitpossibletoscrollandchangelevelsinasingleoperation.ThisworksbyusingtheSHIFTandCTRLkeysasmodifiersoftheLEFTclickwhichcausesscrollingup.ScrollupandshowmorelevelsholdSHIFTdownwhenclickLEFTtoscrollScrollupandshowalllevelsholdCTRLdownwhenclickLEFTtoscrollScrollupandshowfirstlevelonlyholdSHIFTandCTRLdownwhenclickLEFTtoscrollSelectionsThedetailsofmakingselectionswillbecoveredlateron.Fornow,yousimplyneedtoknowthatthereisasingleprimaryselectiononthescreen.Theviewercontainingtheselectionisreferredtoasthe"selectedviewer".Manyofthefollowingcommandsdealwiththeselectionortheselectedviewer.MenusToplevelmenuSavewritesanewversionofthefileOldversionofthefileisrenamedtohavea"$"attheendoftheextensionsothatyoucanretrieveitifnecessary.Iftheversionofthefileonthediskhasamorerecentcreatedatethanthedocumentyouareabouttosave,thesystemwilltellyou.Thisistowarnyouaboutsituationsinwhichyouloadafileandwhileitisinaviewertransferamorerecentversiontoyourdisk.GetloadsthefilenamedbytheselectionintoaviewerIftheclickisdonewiththeleftbutton,thefileisloadedintothe"clicked"viewerandreplacesthepreviouscontents.Ifitisdonewiththemiddlebutton,anewvieweriscreatedbelowtheclickedone.Finally,ifitisdonewiththerightbutton,theclickedviewerisclosedandanewviewerappearsinitsplace.Ifyouusearemotefilename,suchas/Cedar/Documentation/TiogaDoc.Tioga,thesystemwillfetchthefileandmaketheviewer"ReadOnly".Thisletsyoubrowseremotefilesandcopyinformationfromthem.Infuturereleases,Tiogawillsupporteditingofremotefiles.FileExtensionsIftheselectednamedoesnotincludeanexplicitextension(i.e.,thereisnoperiodintheselectedtext),Tiogawillsearchforthefileusingasetofstandardextensions.Thedefaultextensionsaremesa,tioga,df,cm,config,andstyle.Youcanspecifyyourownlistofextensionswithauserprofileentryfor"SourceFileExtensions".Iftheselectednameisoftheform.andsuchafileexists,itisopened.Otherwise,ifisoneofthestandardsetofextensions,youwillbeinformedthatthefiledoesn'texist.However,ifisnotastandardextension,thesystemtriestoopen3pob)xb) b)p 0b) b)!$j()+ -17w8 AFHo`H&" %(*,d.3Z6+8@:=<ADI@o^aW$'&.n179= vo\?WpYE{.!$'Y*W.&/45:W @qAC=FWj5!$'+-1 9e=!?FH7VWZh #%'( .3J6e;:<A9DGTjP #D')+-|/37:>M@'BeEISS#&()- 48 <>"AxDESDSpHSHSxQapKQaQae1 x#IQa$Qap&Qa'2Qa)-271N/o"%'x*N+Np.N/tN2x6-x9iN:"Npe1K/o _$)&x)?K* Kp,K-K049x7uK8.Kp:K;2K:xAuI(B/I(pDI(E3I(FruE poCb #&(-1:4R7:=bAEeG/oAxl$0"(j*-,25:9 A!CIo?Ya ;&&*+.,4;;>A,CI*o>)t : u6"vo4 p4 4 !}#5%vp1M= &(C+,/1/36m8::@BEHc/& -pUA "$~'p)+.269= ?pEH+\ #6%)",:-/P25u9U ?rAE*G*"c%? i$)+.279/CE#E1 !#[&),N0569>G?DH!vc ""%(+ .[3#5:(>?D"FH5@|G\{u#&(J$ACHCXJ"R& /258L=ADG- Z &!&+|/\27;=hBo 1U"%m*n,1u7:>@BCFH1Mm!%(F*-.02!4M6; C^FF1 #&(-058e;,@C|FI51  $(*R1  !#&U) 36: ;u>!BqD E1  ~#:%'s-/K1 8:=?EH1 5$ %*+./R5 ;>BEG|w) TVm$Xthefileasifyouhadsimplyselected.Ifthissucceeds,itsearchesinthefileforadefinitionof.Thisconventionisintendedforusewithprogramsthathavemanyinstancesof.inwhich.mesaisafilecontainingadefinitionfor.GetImpllikeGetbutloadsthefilethatimplementstheselectedinterfacenameIftheselectednamedoesnotincludeanexplicitextension(i.e.,thereisnoperiodintheselectedtext),Tiogawilluseasetofstandardimplementationextensions.Currently,mesaistheonlydefaultimplementationextension.Youcanspecifyyourownlistofimplementationextensionswithauserprofileentryfor"ImplFileExtensions".Iftheselectednameisoftheform.andanimplementationfortheitemiscurrentlyloaded,thesystemwillfindthenameofthefileholdingtheimplementation(ourthankstotheCedarruntimemodelforprovidingthisinformation).Otherwise,thesystemtriestoopenthefileasifyouhadsimplyselected,and,ifthissucceeds,searchesinthefileforadefinitionof.PrevFilelikeGetbutreloadsthefilethatwaspreviouslyinthisviewerResetdiscardseditsbyreloadingthefiledversionofthedocumentStorelikeSavebutwritestothefilenamedbythecurrentselectionClearcreatesanemptyviewerIftheclickisdonewiththeleftbutton,the"clicked"vieweriscleared.Ifitisdonewiththemiddlebutton,anewemptyvieweriscreatedbelowtheclickedone.Finally,ifitisdonewiththerightbutton,theclickedviewerisclosedandanewemptyviewerappearsinitsplace.Theemptyviewerwillsay"NoName"atthetopintheplacethatwouldnormallyholdthefilename.Naturallythemostcommonthingtodowitha"NoName"vieweristoloadafile.Ifyoutypeafilenameintoa"NoName"viewerandthenhitLF,itisasifyouselectedthenameandhitGetbutnoconfirmationisrequired.CTRL-LFprovidesasimilarfunctionforGetImpl.ACommentRegarding"Unsaved"DocumentsItisnotuncommontoforgettosavethecontentsofaviewerbeforedestroyingitorloadingsomethingelseintoit.HoweverthisisnotadisastersinceTiogaholdsonto"unsaved"documentssoyoucanreloadthemwitheditspreserved.ThenumberofsuchdocumentsthatTiogawillrememberissetbyaprofileentry(UnsavedDocumentsCacheSize);thedefaultisfour.Wheneverthereareunsaveddocuments,Tiogacreatesaspecialviewerlistingtheirnames.UnsaveddocumentsareputintothecachebyDestroy,Clear,Get,GetImpl,andPrevFile.TheyarenotputinbyReset.Ifthecacheisalreadyfullwhenanewentryarrives,theoldestentryisdiscarded.WheneverafileisneededforGet,GetImpl,orPrevFile,thecacheischeckedtoseeifanunsavedversionisavailable."NoName"documentsarenotputintothecache.TimeinsertsthecurrenttimeatthecaretSplitcreatesanewviewerlookingatthesamedocumentTheselectionishighlightedinonevieweronly,howevereditswillbereflectedinallviewersforthedocument.Notethatthesplitviewerscanbeindependentlyclosed,opened,ormovedonthescreen.Places,Levelsshow/removesubmenusPlaces4p1b)H$W)/1B39;]@BDGwI1`  %#k *,@2(472:x@CG$1^%Z'+568: A?Bg H1]3voZupZu ZuvQZuOZupZuZu_!$R&) 03S8>%W8~7 N"'o)E.46:h;=AC|EVVdO "(K 24 9 @lCEjGTr I &6)>+0Y368:t DL S~ "OPdd!/#'257 ACFKINP"%(+Z/?1361;a= GM>+$1"^&(.1 :U A$CyGKWr #H', 4k7}8;AyFHI9w voG1pG1G1vcG1aG1pG1G1q#.%'*-q 458cvoDvpDvDvC%'+(/14 voApAXAvA}ApAAh!j#%x',h.c05vo?$p ??<Wm "j$),2%68=?+@AEoH:o1S8"j&(*,03G7;^@_ACDiG9;/K"S&(#,Q/ 023 7Z;@BxDR6 A!$)+g-0d2&48A;$?fEJH55 ?#)B,.{0}347<@BTCGH-3q]9m"#&+0&26x8A3q83qp93q:3q;=r?*@CWH1A!f )+4x1121p41x5h1p7]18$1= >SBH0#vo-e$op*WXd#v%4(H*061397< BD1F)F &)+h.&/48<@D5'G#&)- 4-7 <9=A+H %k"D$g%*Q. B+DI$Pu % -%05^6p:?"C#FS! W# &(,.48<B,E -Yv -l -p - -A>#%h'+-14a89Ak@C5EH7voypy7y# L#q% 'ivop7#L:!&(+*.Gv "I$ &+E.4d7:<B>DFq 7#%i(p-[/1 :?iDFh6vo :0p : : "u w) TVm$:ThePlacesmenucontainscommandsthatcausetheviewertobegindisplayingatanewplaceinthedocument.Thefirstthreeofthecommandssearchforinstancesofthecurrentselection.Forthesecommands,thebuttonusedinclickingthemenuitemdetermineshowthesearchiscarriedoutclickLEFTtosearchtowardstheendofthedocument,RIGHTtosearchtowardsthestartofthedocument,orMIDDLEtosearchfirsttowardstheendand,ifthatfails,thentowardsthestart.Iftheselectionisvisibleintheviewer,thesearchstartsthere.Otherwise,itstartsfromthetopoftheviewer.FindFindanotherinstanceoftheselectedtext.Inthiscommandandthefollowingtwo,capitalizationmattersinthesearch(e.g.,hittingFindwith"the"selectedwillnotselect"The").WordFindaninstanceoftheselectedtextthatisa"word"i.e.,doesn'thaveadjacentlettersordigits.DefFinda"definition"oftheselectedtexti.e.,aninstanceoftheselectedtextthatisimmediatelyfollowedbyacolonanddoesn'thaveanimmediatelyprioralphanumeric.PositionThisisusefulwithcompilererrormessagesthatgivelocationsascharactercounts.Thecommandscrollstotheselectedcharacternumberandthenselectsite.g.,if"183"isselected,scrolltoandselectcharacternumber183inthedocument.NormalizeIfthedocumentinthisviewerdoesnotcontaintheselection,scrollstothestartofthedocument.OtherwisescrollstomaketheselectionvisibleclickLEFTtoscrolltothestartoftheselection,RIGHTtoscrolltotheend,orMIDDLEtoscrolltothecaret.PrevPlaceGobacktotheplacethatwaspreviouslyvisibleinthisviewerdiscountingmanualscrollingthatmayhavetakenplacesince.ReselectRestorethemostrecentselectioninthisviewerandscrolltoit.LevelsThesecommandsletyoucontrolhowdeepthedisplaygoesinthedocumenttreestructure.FirstLevelOnlyshowonlythetoplevelnodesMoreLevelsshowonemorelevelthancurrentlyFewerLevelsshowonefewerlevelthancurrentlyAllLevelsshowalllevelsofthetreeSelectionsPrimaryselections5pob)InP&)l-#/359g ?ABEI@o`"#&,13O9:=A HCo^0 $5%*-O1.4P ;T>U@DFRo]3x&]3]3p}]3]37 {%(*,/x5]36]3p:]3:]3;@E;Go[?xj[|[p!["[#d'*/2P58D9<?C8HpoYK"e$ &c+-o15.9 @UAE0HoX=voUopR,7 >"'PdS} '* 2t7]9;|?C#GN!%voKpIhBHz%2'*,d-247H<?wDI*GvoDpBl L %(=*,.T35#7g@EI@8!G0"]$&(vo5Sp25wX#$&7(-Q/ 5t9;=Y@KAD*1%7J w"(G,.x11%21%p5 1%5w1%6:+;>@BD x/}p/}t/}] k!zx#>/}$P/}p(a/}(/}*-/g1vo,p*))`O #- )-/2.6 =BH (nvo%p#,:%`').04t6#upoqVR #&*,|1/4I58V>A vo6 p66!5#& )Ovoe pe,e0"o%(vo p6#&F)lvobpG "C$t u 5O w)TVm$Theprimaryselectionistheonethat'saroundmostofthetimeandistheusualsiteforedits.Itisdisplayedwithasolidunderlineorwithvideoreverse.Makeaprimaryselectionwiththemouseinwaysdescribedbelow.DuringcertaineditingoperationssuchasCopyorMovethereisa"secondary"selectionwhichisdisplayedasagrayunderlineorbackground.InsertionpointTheinsertionpointgoeswithprimaryselection.Itisshownbyablinking"caret"atoneendortheotheroftheselectiontheendclosertothecursorwhentheselectionwasmadeortheonemostrecentlyextended.MakingselectionsTheselectionhierarchyTheselectionhierarchyconsistsofthefollowinglevelsatwhichaselectioncanexist:point,character,word,node,branch,anddocument.PointselectionTheprimaryselectionhasablinkingcaretatoneend.Someoperations,suchasdeleteandtype-in,reducetheselectiontojustthecaret.Thisiscalledapointselection.CharacterselectionClickLEFTwiththecursoroverthedesiredcharacter.YoucanholdLEFTdownandmovetocorrectplacebeforelettingthebuttonup.YoucancancelthenewselectionbyhittingDELwhilethemousebuttonisstilldown.Thesystemwillrestorethepreviousselection.WordselectionA"word"isdefinedasasequenceoflettersanddigitsorasequenceofidenticalcharactersthatarenotlettersordigits.UsetheMIDDLEmousebuttontomakewordselections.Aswithcharacterselection,youcanholdMIDDLEdownandmovetothecorrectwordbeforelettingup.NodeselectionDoubleclickLEFTtoselectanode.BranchselectionAbranchisanodeandanychildrenbranchesitmighthave.DoubleclickMIDDLEtoselectabranch.DocumentselectionCTRL-Dextendstheselectiontoincludetheentiredocument."D"standsforfor"Document".SelectionextensionExtendanexistingselectionbypointingatanewendpointandclickingRIGHT.ThesystemwillextendtheendoftheselectionclosertothecursorwhenRIGHTgoesdown.YoucanholdRIGHTdownandmovetheendpointtoanewposition.IfyoujustclickRIGHT,theselectionisextendedatthesamelevelintheselectionhierarchy.Forexample,aselectionatthewordlevelwillbeextendedawordatatime.DoubleclickRIGHTtoextendatalowerlevelinselectionhierarchy.Tripleclicktoextendatahigherlevelinselectionhierarchy.Thus,ifyouhaveanode-levelselectionandwishtoextendittoawordpositionwithinanode,doubleclickRIGHTtoreducetheleveltowordsandthendothe6pob)Ez 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5.36#9;?BF'Hiw)FTVm$dextension.Ifnecessary,youcanthendoubleclickagaintoreducetocharacterlevel.EditingbymakingselectionsDeleteselectionsAdeleteselectionisdeletedassoonastheselectioniscompleted.Itisshownasvideoreverse.HolddownCTRLtomakeadeleteselection.TheselectioniscompletewhenyouletuponboththemousebuttonandtheCTRLkey.Pending-deleteselections"Pending-delete"selectionsareautomaticallydeletedbysubsequentinsertions.Theyareshownwithvideoreverseratherthansolidunderline.Wheneveryouextendaselectionitisautomaticallymadepending-delete.Noticethatyoudon'thavetoactuallychangetheselectionwhenyou"extend"it.Forexample,youcanclickMIDDLEtoselectawordandthenimmediatelyclickRIGHTtomakeitpending-delete.Oryoucancombinetheseactionsby"rolling"fromtheLEFTorMIDDLEmousebuttontotheRIGHTbuttontomakeacharorwordselectionpending-delete.Forexample,thesequenceMIDDLE-down,RIGHT-down,MIDDLE-up,RIGHT-upwillproduceapending-deletewordselection.CopyandMoveSourceselectionsaremadewiththeSHIFTkeyhelddownandareshownwithagrayunderline.CopysourcetoprimaryIfyouholddowntheSHIFTkeyandselect,thesourceselectionwillbecopied.Iftheprimaryselectioniscurrentlypending-delete,itwillbereplacedbythecopyofthesource.Otherwise,thecopywillbeinsertedatthecaret.MovesourcetoprimaryIfyouholddowntheSHIFTkeyandtheCTRLkey,thesourceselectionwillbemoved.Asbefore,iftheprimaryselectionispending-delete,itwillbereplacedbythesource.Otherwise,thesourcewillbemovedtothecaret.DestinationselectionsforCopyandMoveTheoperationsdescribedaboveworkbycopyingormovingasourceselectiontotheprimaryselection.However,oftentheprimaryselectionisitselfthethingyouwanttocopyormove.Thefollowingtwocommandstakecareofthesesituations.CopyprimaryTocopytheprimaryselection,hitCTRL-S,andwiththecontrolkeystillhelddown,selectadestination.Thecopytakesplaceassoonasyouletthekeysup.Theprimaryselectionismadenot-pending-deleteassoonasyouhitCTRL-Stoindicatethatitwillbecopiedratherthanmoved.MoveprimaryTomovetheprimaryselection,hitCTRL-Z,andwiththecontrolkeystillhelddown,selectadestination.Themovetakesplaceassoonasyouletthekeysup.Theprimaryselectionismadepending-deleteassoonasyouhitCTRL-Ztoindicatethatitwillbemovedratherthancopied.TransposeselectionsWenowhavecoveredcommandstocopyormoveeithertheprimaryorthesourceselections.7pb) L "o$( ,/35P9;{Adu^ vo[ pYjvXYj Yj-pYj Yj!#&(t*0p1 9Z:<5@B*EWtxZW%WpWYW!"& -06Z7=ADFHV l7!x$NV%Vp'V(VvoSJ  pP !# ,<02 9 @D^FORx"%)K 1)8(;F@)AGIMp 8' +v.904n79M>XBEIKa!&)[+x.K/Kp3K4NK5i9: =o@C J!x#J!J!pkJ!J!0i),.1s7$:?yAGhHzxbHzHzpHzHzxHzHzpHzEHz"'L).x+Hz,Hzp0Hz0Hz46:;?)A DF#D%x+lF,~Fp0&F0Fx4F5Fp8~F8Fx= F>FpAFB=FxDFEkFpHcFHFE+{ #Y& voBZp?V s!n$|x&?'n?p*?+L?-0(368=@*AGDJ ;V18@\x]88p#8#8%(:,>.28T:<ACWE17((),^.;357;<?D 15~!#N%2 10(}x0( 0(p#0($0(&h)*x+0(,^0(p/0(/0(2 4w8>A4C/H1.Li$&H/135:<?D 1,|"#&vo*  "]%p'} o $(=*E/}1M6N7;ACLE% o!U#) .08369<{?AEF$.f#L&E)3*.v !]1^Y %\x'(Kp+,t/12R49q< >AEI1. )  i#')I,.S1358;>CI1!#&(+|x-.wp262396<=@<B?F1W1Up %x'(p+,/u249AFI1  $@'),.1E3F58;>CI19 Q!$I%(x*9+9p/j9/916J9:t=!?CG1vo  p 5_h%'w*,0[4L6;=@Dm w)TVm$Afinaloptionistotransposetheprimaryandthesource.Todothis,hitCTRL-X,andwiththecontrolkeystillhelddown,selectasource.Thetransposetakesplaceassoonasyouletthekeysandmousebuttonsup.MiscellaneousCancellingaselectionHitDELbeforefinishingtheselectionandthepreviousselectionwillberestored.Thisworksduringeitherprimary,source,destination,ortransposeselections.PlaceholdersA"placeholder"isallthetextbetweenamatchingpairofplaceholderbrackets,.HitNEXTtofindandselectthenextplaceholderbeyondthecurrentselection.HitSHIFT-NEXTtofindthepreviousone.RecallthatNEXTistheblankkeytotherightofRETURN.Ifthereisn'tanotherplaceholder,NEXTwillmovetheselectiontotheendofthedocument.Iftheselectionisalreadyattheend,NEXTwilltrytofindthenextnestedtextviewer.Similarly,SHIFT-NEXTwillmovetheselectiontothestartofthedocumentifitdoesn'tfindapreviousplaceholderandwilltrytofindthepreviousnestedtextviewerifitisalreadyatthestart.ThisallowsyoutouseNEXTbothwhenfillinginplaceholderswithinadocumentandwhenfillingintextviewersintools.SelectvisibleexpandselectiontoblanksCTRL-Vexpandstheselectiontoincludethe"visible"charactersontheleftandrightends.SelectmatchingbracketsCTRL-]extendstheselectiontotheleftandrighttofindamatchingpairof[..]'s.SimilarlyforCTRL-},CTRL-),andCTRL->.NotethatyouhitCTRLwiththerightbrackettoextendtheselection.Inaddition,youcanhitCTRLwiththeleftbrackettoinsertmatchingbracketsaroundtheselection.Finepoint:Unfortunately,ourkeyboardsdon'thavebothleftandrightquotekeys.Howevermostofthefonts,includingTimesRomanandHelvetica,doprovidealeftandrightsinglequote.Thekeyboardkeyinsertsarightsinglequote(code047);theleftsinglequote(code140)canbeinsertedusingtheMakeOctalCharactercommandintheEditToolorwiththeInsertMatchingSingleQuotescommand(CTRL-').TheEditToolalsohasacommandwhichextendstheselectiontofindamatchingpairofleftandrightsinglequotes.Thesituationfordoublequotesisevenlessuniform.Somefonts,suchasClassic,havealeftdoublequote(code264)inadditiontoarightdoublequote(code042).However,mostfontshaveonlythe042doublequote,sotheTiogacommandsforinsertingandmatchingdoublequotesusethatcodeexclusively.EditingTextinputTyped-incharactersareinsertedatthecaret.ToinsertthecurrenttimeuseCTRL-T"T"forTime.WhenyouinsertacarriagereturnbyhittingRETURN,thesystemwillautomaticallycopytheblankcharacters(tabsandspaces)fromthestartofthepreviousline.Tosuppressthis,typeSHIFT-RETURNandonlythecarriagereturnwillbeinserted.Toinsertcontrolcharactersorcharacterswithaspecificoctalcode,useCTRL-KorCTRL-O.Theformerwillchangethecharacterbeforethecarettoacontrolcharacter,whilethelatterwill8pb)T|3"%<*k-/r468;x=b)>}b)pAb)Bb)E|H`:"K&'W,/59A<>ACFH^u[ voX .cpVaxPVa6VapVaVat /"(H+ -t3 8;s=nCFTA-#c *,2 voQ pOQ rW #X()/24I ;yAYOBOpCODOxG;OH$OpMV'! )3..05x <x>M?AMpBMxB}MpF#MFMGL7/F x#ML7$6L7p&L7'IL7(R*.125*8|x:5L7; L7p?L7IJ x%}I&eIp)I* I+/k17a9;`>?BISH,7 "x&H&Hp)H*H,C.g025Y8f<?gD xFmp1FmxFmpUFmSFm!a'(+W.}0L29E:<(@DE@D 0~!@$$&y+0D27L89;P@ACGC~xCCpC dC"&*,c 4[89@RCFAw~6vo>tq'#%JxADvo9tXx7p7Z7BA"F#&S(+.0~3l4:=l?$BHx5hp5hZ5hx5h5hp'5h5h&x 5h5hp!5h!5h$'*-x/5h05hp3{5h4x5h69S<ACHk3 &!3#x%3&|3p)3*3, .k057-:@F2/ / ) !p#*.$1m47$9=2AE-ZA# +. 557j<=@CG,P!%'6*.26:"<?,C2G.*;5 #/679<@ ADG)&x&)'\)p))*),;/ 25A8:q;AE'Z;$'), .2,6#;}>aDFQ%?"&*-/479;@+DG$ z"&x*4.4F7; >OAeCFQ"diK%(k.p17<ADzG t uY`pob "#Y$'Qo!ax"$!"!p%6!x%!p&!(!+v-!.!p0!or$ %x*A+p/*/2:695 ADGo K<"^&3),.1u7s;>xDvGxoWpWxJWpWAWSm %*',.o q, "l (,-62(59)x; @ FoTG  7$*./13[9&;?BE!I@oR & "%'|*-F35,8:=A9BEoP<BC< &(l*1m26=FACFI5oOQ Zj! # )-0!1l7'<>C7EGoMZz#c%'} -2(36<AC, oL }#*,g0S685oIm  !%o(,484: C9FsHoGf G$%(8 / 8:< CREVGoF-%h #%,]/46C o<2o9 ! % ',~.1/T49BDCFQo7R!#%*j-z0_36@9& @CFHo6N5"% (,-029< EH7o42#%q'*,P.1:48+9spo)Z x)Z)Zp)ZxN)Zp!)Zx)Z)Zp)Zx)Zp o)Z!K)Zx#)Z#)Zp$g)Z%)Z*-2479};6=x' 'n9 \!#%'](K+T-o/03T8npo$ux$u$up$uxB$up\$u8$ux$u$up! $ux!$up"$u$?$u))+/0357M9o!x"!!p3!x!p!!x!!p"[!x#6!$!p&G!x&!p*"!x*!p+!,\!x.!.!p1!x1!p3Q!4!9;ACEI5o 8oxhpx'p!x"p##x%&p(x)Gp,x-"p.{/47$:<[>B CF%u1poLuE@!%,[.L35'x87L9Lp;LCKEo&%'x+,p.Gu3poNxNNNpNxNpN#Nf$),>-2)36E:=@4CEGo cg$5%',%u 5(Vw) UTVm$Theseoperationsareallcarriedoutbymakingselections.Theyaredescribedindetailintheprevioussection.InsertmatchingbracketsCTRL-[addsamatchingpairof[..]'stotheendsoftheselection.SimilarCTRLcommandsexistfor{,(,<,-,',and".CTRL-Binsertsmatchingplaceholderbrackets.Note:CTRL-'insertsaleftsinglequote(code140)andarightsinglequote(code047);CTRL-"insertsthesamecharacter(code042)ateachendoftheselection.CaseAlllower:CTRL-C.Makestheselectionalllowercase.Allcaps:CTRL-SHIFT-C.Makestheselectionalluppercase.Initialcaps:CTRL-doubleC.Capitalizeseachwordintheselection.Firstcap:CTRL-SHIFT-doubleC.CapitalizesthefirstwordoftheselectionRepeatHittingESCwillrepeatthemostrecentnon-emptyeditsequencestartingwiththecurrentselection.Editsequencesareseparatedbyuser-madeselections.Forexample,ifyouselectaword,deleteit,typeanewone,andthenselectsomethingelse,theeditsequenceisdeletefollowedbytextentry.IfyouhitRepeat,thesystemwilldoadeleteandretypethenewword.Auto-repeatisdonebyESC-select:ifyouholddowntheESCkeywhilemakingaselection,aRepeatwillautomaticallybedoneassoonastheselectioniscompleted.Thisisusefulwhenyou'redoingalargenumberofrepeats.UndoHittingSHIFT-ESCundoesthemostrecenteditsequenceandrestorestheselectiontoitspriorstate.Ifyouwanttoundomorethanjustthemostrecentsequence,usetheEditHistorytoolwhichisdescribedlater.TreestructureeditingAsexplainedintheintroduction,Tiogadocumentsconsistofatreeofnodes.Thefollowingcommandsletyoubreak,join,andnestnodesinthetree.Break:CTRL-RETURNbreaknodeatinsertionpointtocreateanewnode.Join:CTRL-Jjoinnodeatinsertionpointwithpreviousnode.Nest:CTRL-Nmoveselectednodestodeepernestinglevelintree.UnNest:CTRL-SHIFT-Nmoveselectednodestoshallowernestinglevelintree.Break&Nest:CTRL-Isimultaneouslyinsertanewnodeandnestit.Break&UnNest:CTRL-SHIFT-Isimultaneouslyinsertandunnest.LooksCharactershavelookswhicharenamedbythelowercaseletters"a"to"z".Looksareinterpretedbythestyletochangetheappearanceofthetext.Forexample,look"e"mightstandfor"emphasis"andmightresultinitalicfaceinonestyleandboldfaceinanother.Eachcharacterhasasetoflooksthusitmayhaveseverallookssimultaneously,buteachlookoccursonlyonce.Youcan10pob) _#&5(Q-Z 48I:ABFHo`u]8xoZ{pZ{Z{9p|!c#)& '*7-/G1 8Qx='Z{=Z{p@Z{AHZ{GoX9r^xnX9Xp Xx Xp"X"X&k,i 3y97X:XoVXxxVXCVXpVXVXyVX\VXa 3$8(3, /523I6:>BxF/VXFVXpI@VXIVXyoT#D&S'+-/1 uQgpoNxNNpNxNptNN"9')-oL/xKL/L/pL/xL/pcL/L/#(%+--1 oI|xIIpIIx-IIp!{I"yI (k+/%032 oG9xG9G9pG9xEG9pG9 G9x!G9"G9p$ G9% G9 *-[0335t7uCpoA2xA2A2pA2A21v"&-0J6:=@-D o?|M!u#y*0 1F39;==ABFo=4Z!%,R/w14:*AjBG9o6r!F"u3(po0kxX0k0kp0k0k";%*,35;$=C|EUGYo.@E $'*-0u4;=@C!H!o-}u)V&po'z $(/467:<ADo%nTP5"Z%'+-/o"x""p"xi"p"""v%'-10267:o xx x xp xxw xp] xB x!&*i-3ox(p9xp"&({-156ox pxpxsp#i(,.;4Y9<]> oexpxAp (S,-H0636`9Coexfpx&p!x"p"$ .14t np$ $"#&(+.158^: =gAC  }B_ $&(,X.47:+>AvC }D }p  "%(+.139=8C7EGI5 .%7#+&03&6e9=AEFHcw)eFTVm$ usetheEditTooltoreadorchangethesetoflooksforselectedcharacters.Thefollowingkeyboardcommandsarealsoavailablefordealingwithlooks.SelectionLooksYoucanchangetheselectionlookswiththefollowingcommands.(RecallthattheLOOKshiftisthetopblankkeytotherightofBS.)LOOK-chartoaddtoselectionlooks.LOOK-SHIFT-chartoremovefromselectionlooks.LOOK-spacetoremoveallselectionlooks.CaretLooksCaretlooksdeterminethelooksoftyped-intext.Thecaretpicksupthelooksoftheadjacentselectedtextwheneveraselectionismade.Changingtheselectionlooksalsochangesthecaretlooks.However,ifyouwishtochangethelooksofthecaretwithoutchangingtheselectionlooks,clickthecharacterkeytwiceinquicksuccession.LOOK-char-chartoaddtocaretlooks.LOOK-SHIFT-char-chartoremovefromcaretlooks.LOOK-space-spacetoremoveallcaretlooks.UsingSelectionsToCopyLooksTocopythelooksofsomeexistingtexttotheprimaryselection,hitCTRL-Q,andthenwiththeCTRLkeystillhelddown,selectthetextwiththelooksyouwanttocopy.Thesourcelooksreplaceanylookstheselectionpreviouslyhad.AutomaticMesaformattingTheCTRL-McommandscanstheselectionforMesakeywords,comments,andprocedurenamesandgivesthemlooksk,c,andnrespectively.(Asaconvenienceduringtypein,theentirecaretnodeisreformattediftheselectionisasinglecharacterorless.)WiththestandardCedarstyle,thekeywordswillthenbedisplayedinsmallcaps,thecommentswillbeitalic,andtheprocedurenameswillbeboldface.Weexpecttoprovidemoreextensivereformattingcapabilitiesinthefuture.FormatsJustascharactershavelooks,nodeshaveformats.The"format"isthenameofaruleinthestylethattellshowtomodifyvariousparameterswhendisplayingthenode.Forexample,astylefordocumentsmightcontainformatsfortitles,headings,quotations,standardparagraphs,etc.TheEditToolhasfacilitiesforreadingandchangingtheformatofanode,oryoucanusethecommandsdescribedbelow.(Byconvention,thenullformatnameisequivalentto"default".)SettingandinsertingcaretnodeformatCTRL-_willdeletethewordtotheleftofthecaretandmakeittheformatofthecaretnode.Finepoint:Inmostcasesyouwillgivethiscommandimmediatelyaftertypingtheformatname,sothecaretwillnaturallybeinthecorrectplace.However,tohandlecasesinwhichyouselectthenamebeforehittingCTRL-_,thecaretwillautomaticallybeforcedtotherightoftheselectionatthestartofthiscommand.11pb)v^#&K([*-/4 <>D`G" &)u]poZ@~ !%W(r*08=[@*xBZ@CCZ@pFMZ@FZ@IhoXD^"x#X$Xp% X%xXxoV pV AV Qf" xoS}pS}xAS}pS}S}, $*)xoPpPAP~%#uMpoJF #%+ .15E8;=A9C EoIu$&&*1339Y=?E!GoG_: "'3)-.14P9J?AdFoE !"& xoC*pC*AC*Vk"xo@p@xA@p@@1#'/*xo>p>A> O!8#(&u: Vpo7u" %(l**,1 7x:7:7p=(7x=7p>~7?i7B0EeHxo6&p 6&6& $&)n,/9259b;9?BG.o4~-k"p )u1 po.=xX.=#.=pi.=x.=pl.=.=!#)+/6:=0?Fo,0> "$ ,/0G 8<A3CGo*^ O%d&( +137;;=CFGfo)G%'M*.F07%9;?bBDko'r"!&(i-1Q7h ?z FHo%t !pU ] X$T'-0b6C7:=?@CEYG " )- 4U6;_>)DEbH"$(X.[ 5\: B5E"G_m y #),02379<\?AD 9" #!%(X,01 8:\ uQv!xovpvxvp7v5vO "$'[)+s.15<68=m?&AD;!$'x*-h3 <?nCFs AN%`'g)++0I4;1<AEF ~5B!x% & p( x)p p*C + -m03d ;=ACEI5 /m!$7w)eTVm$fCTRL-SHIFT-_insertstheformatname.Thisgivesyouasimplewaytofindouttheformatofaselectednode.UsingselectionstocopyformatsTocopytheformatofsomeexisitingnodetotheselectionnodes,hitCTRL-F,andthenwiththeCTRLkeystillhelddown,selectthenodewiththeformatyouwanttocopy.TheEditToolTheEditToolprovidesavarietyofoperationsonTiogadocuments.TheEditToolmenucontainssomespecialcommandsinadditiontotheusualvieweroperations.The"Bigger"commandenlargestheEditTool,whilethe"Smaller"menuitemdoestheopposite.The"Stop"buttonletsyouinterruptlengthysubstitutionsandsorts.Thesecondlineofthemenucontainsbuttonsforsearchandsubstitutewhicharediscussedbelow.ThetextfieldsintheEditToolfollowtheconventionthatclickingthefieldnamewithLEFTcausesthecontentsofthefieldtobeselectedpending-deletewhileclickingwithRIGHTcausesthefieldtobeclearedandselected.SearchandSubstituteSearchTodoasearch,enterthetextyou'relookingforinthe"Target"field,selectwhereyouwantthesearchtostart,andclick"Search"withtheleftmousebuttontosearchforward,withtherightbuttontosearchbackwards,orwiththemiddlebuttontosearchfirstforwardthenbackwards.Thesystemsearchesfromthecurrentselectionandupdatestheselectedviewerifthesearchsucceeds.(Finepoint:inbothsearchesandsubstitutes,thematchislimitedtoasinglenodewedonotyethavemechanismsfordoingmatchesacrossnodeboundaries.)Themultiplechoicesbelowthe"Replacement"fieldcontrolwhatismatchedinsearchesandreplacedinsubstitutes.Youcanselectordeselectanitembyclickingitwiththemouse.Whitetextonblackbackgroundmeansthattheitemisselected;blacktextonwhitemeansitisnotselected.Textifthisoptionisselected,matchcharactersoftargettextwhensearching.Looksifselected,matchlooksoftargettextwhensearching.Formatmatchformatoftargetnode.Stylematchstyleoftargetnode.Commentmatchcommentpropertyoftargetnode.Forexample,ifyoupicktheLooksoptionanddeselecttheTextoption,youcansearchforanytextthathasaparticularsetoflooks.IfyoupickonlyText,thematchingwillignorethelooksofthetarget.IfyoupickTextandLooks,thematchingtextmustmatchboththecharactersandthelooksofthetargettext.Theotheroptionsdealwithnodeproperties.IfyoupickFormat,thematchingwillbelimitedtonodeswiththesameformatasthetargetnode.Similarly,ifyoupickStyle,thematchingwillonlylookatnodeswhosestyleisthesameasthetargetnode's.Finally,ifyoupickComment,thematchwillconsideronlynodeswiththesamevalueoftheCommentproperty(TRUEorFALSE)asthetarget.Thefirsttworowsofboxesbelowthemultiplechoicesgiveyoucontroloverhowmatchingisperformed.ClickLEFTwiththecursoroveraboxtochangethechoicenexttoit.Thevariouschoicesareasfollows:12xob)pb)xb)p[b)xb)pb)ub)a#<_\="y$(')+0f23I8vu\> MApoYiZ!3&* +.:38;x:^Yi;)Yip=oYix=Yip>Yi?YiBBEnHxoWpWW ;^#%~(, .k258:t SpP+1"p$) *,0 Myr $),0*17w9=;?lC K$"$(+/l18N<:?kBEJS:%) 148;@6BDG Hrh! '+..47F"DGG!%( /!169U<@;xCQF"D F"pFF"G6F"D{m" % /F28x;)D{;D{p?^D{?D{CEI&Btu?qJ vo<p: Q #(-/O1 3y9B<@DG8c?G"(+.X05G9;?EdH6j% &),h/48:?3BTG5 wX%I(+!/58b=?E I3mJL"&O(+o03 :=hAC.GI1.:A "&E -0949h=u@ /<F!"@$ .k16r9;_ABH7-C Q"N$(u*&/A1426;@DGQs8!L$'R+.I4W7:>BD =!~h@"'% ,._149Q;ADOF<?$_& (,0 7F8;>B}DP K$(),L/14y8>'CfDGrH!&)-03X6:ETxIpx\pA>L A<E"+&=(.!258=W@vCI ]x  p8 6 "I$(+,/1F58:=DhVf:!Tqe#%*%.06R{e!%G',-*/3J59>tBDQPe!%)X+=1;37[:>N-!L4#V&[(@+-36L9>BuJ"%'+n-'3%59E;5@BtFUvoG pEH !#N&$(*Z, 629=?[ACEiCF5!$/ ,=.0469);=@TCHA+$'*g.0p26;>tAQFI@R1=qzi#&K,M/1395;=>ADhI1<$K!i%)&R*168l: B19fi"'*0 25j8; >BH717 S15ogk "i *+,/2508:<BfEI@13!'$&)y/1247M=1?CEH12  1/2@ &f),L.y0568 @D 1- u!&*f, .P0357 ?C_F1,KU%^(*,/Q268Q:A1FH1* (l?j!b$ /47:?DHM&u $I 2 (*G, 4i"Z!'(*U,2748;<A'EH7  #%\' /~1-34G8!$&*&, 4H </!P#)s "$'* 02  "$)y+L/F059< B%DG7d=! (K.(/25 :=?ADn~ %(+}x#'( /205P6; "& ' .)1d7 8;o=(%' -/25; X 1 5V" ),/3b5\6z >0AFHyw)e TVm$toreplacethematchingtextbythenewtext.Usethesearchcommandstofindthefirstmatchingtext.Thenifyouhit"Yes",thesystemwilldoa"Replace"followedbyasearchforward.Ifyouhit"No",itwillskipthe"Replace"andsimplydoanothersearch.Thustoselectivelysubstitute,startwithasearch,thendo"Yes"forthecasesyouwanttochangeand"No"fortheothers.The"Replace"commandsimplydoesforthecurrentselectionwhatasubstitutewoulddoforamatch.Finally,the"Count"commandisavailabletotellyouhowmanysubstitutionswouldtakeplacewithoutactuallychangingthedocument.Inordertodoasearchorsubstitute,youwilltypicallyneedtofillintheTargetorReplacementfieldsintheEditTool.Naturally,thischangestheselection,andbeforeyoucandotheoperation,youmustrestoretheselectiontotheplacewhereyouactuallywantittotakeplace.ThesystemhelpsyouwiththisbysavingtheprimaryselectionifitisnotintheEditToolwhenyouclickeithertheTargetortheReplacementbutton.ThecommandsalongthetopoftheEditToolSeach,Substitute,Yes,No,Replace,andCountrestorethesavedselectioniftheprimaryselectionisintheEditToolwhentheyareclicked.Theneteffectisthatifyoustartoutwiththeselectionintherightplace,youcanclicktheTargetorReplacementbuttons,fillintheneededinformation,andthendirectlyclickoneofthecommandswithoutneedingtoreselectsincethesystemwilldoitforyou.PatternsforSearchandSubstituteWhenyouspecifythatthetargetbematchedasapatternratherthanliterally,thefollowingsymbolsinthetargettextareinterpretedspecially.AshortsummaryofthesesymbolsappearsatthebottomoftheSearch&SubstitutesectionoftheEditTool.'Matchthenextcharacterinthepatternexactly.~Matchanycharacterexceptthenextoneinthepattern.#Matchanysinglecharacter.*Matchanysequenceofcharacters.@Matchanysinglealphanumericcharacter(letterordigit).&Matchanysequenceofalphanumericcharacters.~@Matchanysinglenon-alphanumericcharacter.~&Matchanysequenceofnon-alphanumericcharacters.%Matchanysingleblankcharacter.$Matchanysequenceofblankcharacters.~%Matchanysinglenon-blankcharacter.~$Matchanysequenceofnon-blankcharacters.|Matchstartorendofnode.{Markstartofresultingselection.}Markendofresultingselection.Markendofnamedsubpattern.Thenamedsubpatternsareofuseinsubstitutesthatreorderorduplicatepartsofthematchingtext.Thefullsyntaxforanamedsubpatternis.Thespecialcaseof"matchanysequenceofcharacters"isprovidedasadefaulti.e.,isequivalentto.Asfarasthematchingisconcerned,theoccurrenceofisthesameasifthesubpatternhadappearedwithoutaname,butithastheside-effectofrememberingthesubsection14p1b)b!$\&y(, /25R9@BEH1`7 #%*G,12357&=CEF1^U"$d'*,395:}<AGp1]3 v ! $'>(m-0/2;6W8:>uA1DFF1[]#0&/,38;n=@YEI1Y !P#c%&+139'?A FH1X= #'*.m3y8>l@oU?  &`)+1H46S8{:)<@B oT $O&+.D 4.6;=@,B Dl oRi)~"&#&:)-059:v<'?#CFsoP!"'$)/12x36~8?:=A!DGoOc-` &, .59< >@HBEI oMs ;!*&).Q0j5$7;AC$EoK(i!M%(9*0J3659;=?]B'EKGoJ$K/l"D$'\*,12 :@/BACF%oH} h5r"}%(*`,38>A@EHoF0voD}! pA~t!%'-/j059< BbD? " * 0i15j;c=@E>/hJ).-/14;;@"O(8),F19%9%%j),/)13566#m 44%j'# 11#m , 167//%j'# / ,,#m. **%j'#2 ''#m'B $$%j'#* "v"v#m* %j'#- ll!$l&%O_!& bbO &e O_!% WWO %F ! p!#o%' .9157=@BD+:t %T ,-h:q=4ADuF pY "/#)l+,C025d:; BDM   p '_) 02a>D?B EG1H 5 y $%),-5/1 8+9 BD? w)e TVm$vitmatched.The"Replacement"fieldcancontain'scorrespondingtonamedsubpatternsinthetarget.Thereplacementtextisconstructedbyreplacingthe'swiththesectionofreplacedtextthatmatchedthesubpattern.Thereplacementisautomaticallyconsideredtobeapatternwheneverthetargetisyoudon'tneedtodoanythingspecialtogetthe'sinthereplacementinterpretedassubpatterns.Forexample,ifthetargetisTarget:WHILE[]DOandthereplacementisReplacement:WHILEISDOthen"WHILEblue[moon]DO"willbeconvertedto"WHILEmoonISblueDO".Looks,Formats,Styles,andPropertiesLooksTheLookscommandsletyoureadandmodifythelooksofthecaretortheselection.Thelooksareshownasaseriesoflettersinthe"Lookscharacters"field.Theboxletsyoupickwhetheryouwantthelooksfortheselectionorthelooksforthecaret.Getfillsthe"Lookscharacters"fieldwiththelettersforthecaret/selectionlooks.Setreadsthe"Lookscharacters"fieldandsetsthelooksofthecaret/selection.Clearremovesalllooksfromthecaret/selection.Addaddsthespecifiedlookstothecaret/selection.Subremovesthespecifiedlooksfromthecaret/selection.FormatsTheFormatcommandsletyoureadandmodifytheformatfortherootnodeortheselectednodes.Theboxattherightletsyoupickthecaseyouwant.Getfillsthe"Formatname"field.Setreadsthe"Formatname"fieldandsetsthenode'sformat.Clearremovesthenode'sformatname.Thisisthesameasspecifying"default"format.StylesAstyleisacollectionofinterpretationsforlooksandformats.TheStylecommandsletyoureadandmodifythenameofthestylefortherootnodeortheselectednodes.Thenewstyleappliestothespecifiednodeandallthenodeswithinitssub-branchesthatdonotthemselveshaveexplicitstyles.Getfillsthe"Stylename"field.Setreadsthe"Stylename"fieldandsetsthenode'sstyle.Clearremovesanystylespecificationfromthenode.LoadStyleDefinitionreadsthe"Stylename"fieldandreloadsthestyledefinitionfromthatfilewithextension"Style".(Don'tputtheextensioninthefieldjustputthestylenameandletthesystemaddtheextension.)Dothisoperationafteryouhaveedited(andsaved)thestyledefinitionandwanttoloadthenewversion.LoadAbbreviationsreadsthe"Stylename"fieldandreloadstheabbreviationdefinitionsfromthatfilewithextension"Abbreviations".Dothisafteryouhaveeditedtheabbreviationsandwanttoloadthenewversion.PropertiesAnodecanhaveanarbitrarysetof"properties".Eachpropertyconsistsofanameandavalue.Certainpropertiesareusedbythesystem,butyou(andyourprograms)arefreetoadd15pb) C $'*.4 =?-C ` $'U( 042>8@:@CFR^)#h% -0 8S9 BM I@]3o $&'*w-1A24:m>@pBD[~  #%` Y{L  1VxVVpKVV x#V$VpT 1Q xQ Qp8QQx"Q#aQp$jQ%Qx)Q)QpO%xO%O%pO%O%x 5O%!O%p!O%#,O%%'./x0}O%1O%p4O%5O%x8O%9O%p:"O%:O%x="O%p>O%?O%uKYh voI'pF !'#'6* .1g5#69z<>AW HE V\"2$(2),n1X 8<?BEGCc1"/$l&,q.50426o8AuT9D" )3,d/~1584:C?u" ),/2M48J:DH7I)"Z&(,. 2y508:;=J?B[d!8$'+%/25I9@DBH &"&:'*-W0EvoQ p >V$#&g(G 1J4:?ABFI 5N4 "&0((*/T147:AsCFH7w)e TVm$others.The"Propertyname"fieldspecifiesthenameofaproperty.(Incidentally,casedistinctionsdomatterinpropertynames"foo"isadifferentpropertythan"Foo".)The"Propertyvalue"fieldspecifiesavalue.Theboxletsyoupickwhetheryouaretalkingaboutpropertiesoftherootnodeortheselectednodes.Getfillsthe"Propertyvalue"fieldwiththecurrentvalueofthenamedproperty.Setreadsthe"Propertyvalue"fieldandsetsthepropertyvalue.Removeremovesthenamedpropertyfromthenode.Listfillsthe"Propertyname"fieldwiththenamesofthenode'sproperties.Inadditiontosettingandreadingproperties,thereisamechanismthatletsyoufindnodeswithacertainpropertyvalue.Forexample,ifyouhaveannotatedadocumentwithcommentsunderthepropertyname"MyOpinion",andyouwanttofindnodesinwhichyourcommentincludedtheword"good",enterthenameinthe"Propertyname"fieldandthetextinthe"Valuepattern"field.Thenusethe"Find"commandtosearchforwardorbackwardsfromthecaretnodeforanodewithavalueofthepropertythatmatchesthepattern.(ClickwithLEFTtosearchforward,RIGHTtosearchbackwards.)Valuepatternscanusethestandardsetofspecialcharactersforsearches.Ifamatchisfound,thenodeisselectedandthepropertyvalueisdisplayed.CommentPropertyAllnodeshavea"Comment"propertywhichiseither"TRUE"or"FALSE".IfitsvalueisTRUE,thetextofthenodeisnotseenbyprogramssuchasthecompilerthatareonlyinterestedinthebasictextcontents.Thismakesitpossibletointermixdocumentationandprogramtextwithoutrequiringspecialescapecharacterstomarkthestartandendofcomments.YoucansettheCommentpropertybyusingtheEditToolorwiththefollowingcommands.CTRL-\setcommentpropertyofallselectednodestoTRUECTRL-SHIFT-\setcommentpropertyofallselectednodestoFALSEMiscellaneousSortandReverseThesecommandsletyousortorreverselistsofthings.The"Sort"commandsortsthingsinalphabeticalorder,ignoringcase."Sort-and-remove-duplicates"isusefulwhenyouaremergingsetsofthings.TheboxbelowtheSortbuttonletsyoupickwhetheryouwantincreasingordecreasingorderintheresult.Therightboxletsyoupickwhatwillbesorted:textdelimitedbyblanks,linesdelimitedbycarriagereturns,orbranchesofthedocumenttree.Leadingblanksareignoredwhensortinglinesorbranches.OperationsThesecommandsletyouconstructsimpleeditmacros.The"Operations"fieldholdsatextdescriptionofacommandsequence.The"GetLast"commandfillsintheOperationswiththedescriptionofthemostrecentsequence,i.e.,theoneaCancelwouldcanceloraRepeatwouldrepeat."Do"executesthedescriptionintheoperationsfield."Begin"marksthestartofacommandsequence."End"fillstheOperationswiththedescriptionofthecommandssincethemostrecent"Begin"."SetCom"storestheoperationsundertheCTRL-numberkeyforthenumberinthe"Command[0..9]"field.Conversely,"GetCom"fillsthe"Operations"fieldwiththecurrentCTRL-numberdefinition.Toseehowthisworks,selectthefollowingword:"hello".HitDELandtypein"howdy".Nowhitthe"GetLast"button.TheOperationsfieldshouldnowcontain:Delete"howdy".EdittheOperationsfieldcontentstoreplace"howdy"by"goodbye",thenhitthe"SetCom"button(firstput1intheCommandfieldifit'snotalreadythere).Nowselectthe"howdy"youtyped16pb)_c!')b-./6i >A H^1 "&( ):.47=Y@8F\[ X"9$'*C-Q25i7hACGNX ;"(),~/57=l@sFM !^ %|($*./268"ACFGIE^ ~"'./494:AE+GH*\#%( -068>WBxEH*FvH*pI H*IH*FxFSFpFF V$ ,0x588:<BDFZD a I!#<')-0!35G:=s?EIC4 vo@mp=/H#(,-1x2t=3-=p5=6=8xx9(=9=p<==v=>@'AExF=G=pJ= &+.j4=77 ?CFH7 !!'*1[7:e<>p EuH B#`),+.1+2P6;?/@BFH" )>+ - 4U8> B@DGI""$' -13V :Y<>TE+H`E&*/, 37x:l;6p=}=CVFHR!:%4) 07u:<^ DG/xp  ++"$*.4~x6+7+p9+:>+<@?@@Gw s*!$ +.3w6;@sG , /\"$s)./0 8D;g=?F} 5e"y%&)%+0]5,8<<>DhGw)e TVm$zearlierandhitCTRL-1.Ifallwentwell,the"howdy"willhavebeendeletedand"goodbye"insertedinitsplace.Moreexamplesofeditmacroswillbegivenlater.SearchesandOperationsonFilesYoucanusetheEditTooltolookthroughalistoffilesforoneinwhichthecurrentsearchspecificationsaresatisfied.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyclickingthe"SearchEachFile"buttonafterfillinginthe"Files"fieldwiththefilenames(or"@"followedbythenameofafilethatholdsthelistoffilenames).WhenyouclickSearchEachFile,anewvieweriscreated,andone-by-onethefileswillbeloadedandsearcheduntilamatchisfound.Thelistoffileswillbeupdatedwhenamatchisfound,sothatwhenyouarefinishedwithonefileyoucanclickSearchEachFileagaintolookforthenextone.Youcanhitthe"Stop"buttonatthetopoftheEditTooltointerruptthesearch,butyoushouldnottrydoingotheroperationswhilethesearchisinprogresssinceitresetstheselectioneachtimeitloadsafile.Occasionallyyouwillwanttoapplycertainoperationstoanentiresetoffiles.Youcandothisbyfillinginthe"Operations"fieldandthe"Files"field,andthenclicking"DoForEachFile".Anewviewerwillbecreated,andone-by-onethefileswillbeloaded,selected,edited,andsaved.Noconfirmationisrequiredforthesaves,sotheentireprocesscangoonwithoutyou.Infact,youshouldnottrytodoanythingelsewhilethisisgoingonsincetheoperationsusetheprimaryselection.Theoneexeceptionisthe"Stop"buttonwhichyoucanhittoterminatetheprocess.OperationsviatheUserExecYoucaninvokeasetofoperationsfromtheUserExecaswellasdirectlyfromtheEditTool.WhenyourunTiogaExecCommands,oneofthecommandsitregistersisDoTiogaOpswhichexpectsacommandlinecontainingoperationsinthesameformatasintheoperationsfield.OnepossibleapplicationofthisistocreateacommandfilethatinitializesvariousEditToolswitchestoyourfavoritesettings.Forexample,youcouldusethefollowingtosetupsomeofthesearchparameters:DoTiogaOpsIgnoreCaseMatchWordsMatchPattern.EditCommandsThissectionoftheEditToolcontainsbuttonsforallthebasiceditcommands.Theseareusefulifyoucan'trememberwhatkeystohitforaninfrequentcommandorifyou'vesetyourusercategorytobeginnerorintermediatetofilteroutcertaincommands.Manyofthebuttonscorrespondtocommandsthathavebeendocumentedabove.However,afewofthemareprimarilyofuseinconstructingeditmacrosandhavenotbeenmentionedbefore.Forcompleteness,allthebuttonswillbegivenabriefdescription.ModifyingselectionsCaretBeforemovecarettofrontofselectionCaretAftermovecarettoendofselectionCaretOnlyreduceselectiontoacaretGrowselectiongrowsinhierarchyofpoint,character,word,node,branchDocumentselectentiredocumentPendingDeletemakeprimaryselectionpendingdeleteNotPendingDeletemakeprimaryselectionnotpendingdeleteMakeSecondarymaketheprimaryselectionbecomethesecondaryselectionMakePrimarymakethesecondaryselectionbecometheprimaryselectionCancelSecondaryremovethesecondaryselectionCancelPrimaryremovetheprimaryselectionCopy,Move,andTranslateToPrimarycopy/movesecondarytoprimary17pb)(x'b)b)p8b)b)!#&*U,25{8YA<CEJHCS0#!R"'9)+/2a4: =1?B[EGQh ` ##Q%(+:.2469S>BD8FI5O@ # '*U-1406h:Z> DHN u#!"Z&%(.)1Z459i:K k !`#&+B 135q9S;f=@CFPHMI #&)+04S7:K?nHP$?' .y04 68=CH7Fv !g&)4+/s1637@BGE!#v%+E.14u59;?TA HyCZ(W !$> +,v.3d7;>ACDA/vo> Mp<q= &*,y/3.479>{ADIGQ:q(Y+,/Y6S7=3> F97  ` '7 ./2N5:@ Gf7F p"A$&~(D,_-469 ?DG53 $%(.c147X9?AvCEI54A/i  ' .4 6o vo1jp/`SD"v',.026]9 @DF-l;Z"d%'B)j+- 4r:<>BDG+zZF ; (f*F-0z52=VA}ChE* !$'+ 3#8c>@$BDH(v , & )".'1247;DBrHC& u"%v'f+,D/ $ "' "B%'M*,y 9 !q$&|)3*L"')U*^ h$^& , -1 8;?p!]%I 7 #).4 "i&+S03n8  $&,,169G? u#)%+169>F!&|(/G A &%'n, #  5$+d-w)e TVm$ToSecondarycopy/moveprimarytosecondaryTransposetransposetheprimaryandthesecondaryMovingthecaretGoToNextCharmakeprimarycaretonlyandmoveonecharactertowardendofdocumentoronetowardstartifyouclickwithRIGHTinsteadofLEFTGoToNextWordlikeGoToNextChar,butmovetowardendby"words"oronetowardstartifyouclickwithRIGHTinsteadofLEFTGoToNextNodemovecaretonenodetowardendoronetowardstartifyouclickwithRIGHTinsteadofLEFTSavingandRestoringtheselectionSaveSel-AsaveprimaryselectiontorestorelaterRestoreSel-ArestoretheselectionpreviouslysavedbySaveSel-ASaveSel-BsaveprimaryselectiontorestorelaterRestoreSel-BrestoretheselectionpreviouslysavedbySaveSel-BExtendtheselectiontomatchingbrackets(...)extendprimaryselectiontomatchingparens<...>extendtomatchinganglebrackets{...}extendtomatchingcurlybrackets[...]extendtomatchingsquarebrackets"..."extendtomatchingdoublequotes`...'extendtomatchingsinglequotes-...-extendtomatchingdashes...extendtomatchingplaceholderbracketsFindplaceholdersNext...moveprimaryselectiontonextplaceholderPrev...movetopreviousplaceholderDeleteandPasteDeletedeletetheprimaryselectionPasteinsertsavedtextatcaretSaveForPastesavetextforlaterpasting;overwritestextsavedbyDeleteRepeatandUndoRepeatrepeatthelastcommandsequenceUndoundothelastcommandsequenceDeletingcharacter/wordnexttocaretBackSpacedeletethecharactertotheleftofthecaretBackWorddeletethewordtotheleftofthecaretDeleteNextChardeletethecharactertotherightofthecaretDeleteNextWorddeletethewordtotherightofthecaretInsertingmatchingbracketsaroundtheselectionAdd()insertparensaroundtheselectionAdd<>insertanglebracketsAdd{}insertcurlybracketsAdd[]insertsquarebrackets18pb) D)&f+-K`5d#w%+ -0$]gO[s !.%*.$1y4j8d;JAmFDI5Y!E#(+,/2x6 Y6Yp:AY:Y>x@YAfYpW 3 # -038A:<BCFRV0$ <#xx&V0'gV0p*V0++V0/{x14V01V0pT< R!Y%:(+/368;g@%CWDGRx/RRp eR R%x&R'RpOKB Mo s%+O,1K N3#&+ 2a6,8'IiN R%+.,1bG -#%+ 2@6 8E(A%?C4pU#(*[0YA@?%)?L?%)i=XC(S%Q);d?%*9p-=%;)&7|pU%}y5p5$5y5p15 A&? -2, 0y0p0y0p0 %+-G0W .y.px.y.p. "0' ,6*X=K!&(k6"$&Q&' oT"X%'M*s/ 6A8<>#Y;!e"$*qW #7)j #$!$*+.02D4!$')J+./27 .!% '-h/1v468 !%'+-0/246!&)i4#(W*#K )#  5pW<#mw)exTVm$>Add""insertdoublequotesAdd`'insertsinglequotesAdd--insertdashesAddinsertplaceholderbracketsCapitalizationAllCapsmaketheselectionuppercaseAllLowermaketheselectionlowercaseInitialCapsmakethewordsintheselectionstartwithcapsFirstCapmaketheselectionstartwithacapSpecialcharactersMakeOctalCharacterconvertthe3digitsbeforethecarettothecorrespondingcharacterMakeControlCharacterconvertthecharacterbeforethecarettoacontrolcharacterUnMakeOctalCharacterconvertthecharacterbeforethecaretto3digitrepresentingitscharactercodeUnMakeControlCharacterconvertthecontrolcharacterbeforethecarettoanormalcharacterTreestructurecommandsBreakbreaknodeatcaretJoinjoincaretnodetoonebeforeitNestmoveselectiondeeperintreeUnNestmoveselectionhigherintreeMiscellaneouscommandsCommentNodesetCommentpropertyofallselectednodestoTRUENotCommentNodesetCommentpropertyofallselectednodestoFALSEExpandAbbreviationexpandtheabbreviationtotheleftofthecaretMesaFormattingaddMesalooks,formats,andstyletoselectionCommand0123456789dosavedcommandmacroWritingEditMacrosAfewexamplesshouldgetyoustartedwritingyourowneditmacros.First,assumeyoufindyourselfdoingalotofeditsoftheformbecomes[]forvariousvaluesofand.Youmightlikeasinglecommandtoinsertthebracketsandmovethecarettotheplacewhereyouwillinsertthe.Toconstructsuchacommand,firstselectaparticular,hittheAdd[]buttonintheEditTool,theCaretBeforebutton,andtheGoToNextCharbuttonusingtherightmousebutton.ThenhitGetLasttofilltheOperationsfield,enter"1"inthe"Command[0..9]"field,andhitSetComtosavethemacrodefinition.Nowyoucanselect,hitCTRL-1,andbereadytoinsertbeforetheleftbracket.AmacrotodeletematchingparentheseswillshowtheuseoftheSaveSelandRestoreSelcommands.Makeaselectionanywhereinsideapairofmatchingparens.Givethefollowingsequenceofcommands:(...)toextendtheselection,CaretAftertopositionthecaretattheright,SaveSel-Asowecanrestoretheselectionlater,BackSpacetodeletetherightparen,RestoreSel-Atogettheselectionback,CaretBeforetomovethecarettothefront,andfinallyDeleteNextChartodeletetheleftparen.NowyoucanhitGetLastandSetComtosavethismacro.OtheroperationsontheEditToolcanalsobeprogrammedusingeditmacros.Forexample,assumeyouwantamacrotosubstitute"which"for"that".Thefollowingsetofcommandswillloadthetargetandreplacementfieldsanddothesubstitute:clickRIGHTtoselectandclearthetargetfield,type"that"asthetargettext,clickRIGHTtoselectandclearthereplacement19pb)$?`;eA&"^Mi4\_y\_py\_pE\_* '_Y W3",'+U #(,wS !#'),147Q <"(A+Q.k/O" M4!#T(*M+Z.3 5E8z:<7 EKF#+%),Y2B68?C G E%' +.i3&9=s?CDDF1DAX ?j"#=| #x%&',!;2#{()9%a)+^6 4  ").0i2Y7;}x=+4=4p3 "$+c0249=x?x3@13p1!#(* 2469_;=w/% I!/#'+0368s-7T !"$'%[&')+/{5vo*u~yp'g!$)>-1B4P7<@kE>H&R A_$"w$<&*.4`=@'DI5$]!K%e(2)~-459{B Mgn ') ,/2U3649<@ ~` #}&4(*0289<?l+  #,&)+- 6+9<BcE t!_# )i.1:79@B>D  mo> &*-C/<1 80x;^ <2 p? ? A)DG 5?/"$#&P*@-_x0 51~ 5p4 55Z 56:y=?@C w)e wTVm$hfield,type"which"asthereplacementtext,andfinallyhittheSubstitutebutton.Thismacrowillonlychangethetargetandreplacementfields.Theotherparametersofthesubstitutearenotchangedandthusbehavelike"freevariables"ofthemacro.Ifyouwanttobindmoreofthechoices,suchasMatchCaseorIgnoreCase,yousimplyincludethosecommandsaspartofthemacro.Forexample,youcouldselectIgnoreCasejustbeforerestoringtheselection,andthemacrowouldalwayssettheignorecaseflagwhenitwasexecuted.Notethatyoumusthitthe"Target"and"Replacement"buttonstoenterthetargetandreplacementtext.Directlyselectinginthosefieldswouldnotproduceacorrectmacrobecauseitwouldterminatetheeditsequenceandwouldalsofailtoidentifywhichfieldwasbeingfilledin.WhenyousaveaneditmacrounderaCTRL-numberkey,itonlystaysaroundfortherestofthesession.Ifyouwanttosaveonefortomorrow,youcanofcoursecopytheoperationstoafileandredefineitanothertime.Butifyoureallywanttomakeamacroapermanentpartofyouruserinterface,youcanaddittoyour"TIPtable"whichdescribesthetranslationfromkeyboardandmouseactionsintoexecutabletokenssuchasthoseineditmacros.Thedetailsofhowtodothisaregiveninalatersection.TheEditHistoryToolTheEditHistorytoolletsyouundoeditsinthesamewaythatUndodoes,butitletsyougobackfartherinhistorythanjustthemostrecentsequence.TocreateanEditHistorytool,type"EditHistory"totheExec.Atthetopofthetoolaretwofieldsandfourcommands.Thebottompartofthetoolisatextfieldtoholddescriptionsofpreviouseditevents.Thesystemkeepsahistoryofacertainnumberofthemostrecenteditevents.Youcanfindouthowlargethishistoryisbythe"Get"commandwhichwillenteranumberinthe"historysize"field.The"Set"commandwillchangethehistorysizetowhatevervalueyou'veenteredinthesizefield.Thedefaultsizeis20;youcanchangethisbymakinganentryinyourUser.Profileoftheform"EditHistory:".The"Show"commandwilldisplaytheeventsstartingwiththenumberinthe"sinceeventnumber"field.Ifthatfieldisemptyitwillshowasmanyasarestillremembered.Theformatoftheentriesis,TAB,andthenalistofoperations.The"Undo"commandundoestheeditssincethespecifiedeventnumber.PrintingandtheTypeSetterToolInthegloriousfuture,Tiogawillhaveaninteractivetypesetterthatwillletyoumakeincrementalrevisionstoatypesetdocumenttoadjustpagination,pagelayout,andotherdetailsbeforeactuallyprintingit.MichaelPlassandIhavestartedworkonthis,butuntilit'savailable,thecurrenttypesetterwilldoamorethanadequatejoboflettingyouprintyourfiles.ThefollowingdocumentationwaswrittenbyMichael;seehimwithquestionsorbugreports.TheTSettertoolprovidesaconvenientwayofdrivingtheTiogatypesetter.Startitupbytyping"RunTSetter"totheexecutive.Thetypesettericonwillcomeupshowingthenameoftheprintserveritis"connected"to;thisnamecanbespecifiedinyourprofileundertheheading"Hardcopy.PressPrinter".Whenyouopentheicon,youwillseethemenuCloseGrow<-->DestroyStopPauseGetPrintAllNewplusafill-infieldlabeled"Document".Thenormalwaytousethetypesetteristoselecttheviewerorfilename,andclick"Get"toaddthedocumentnametothequeue.Thenclick"Print"tostartthetypesetterup;ifallgoeswell,theonlyotherthingyouhavetodoiswalkovertotheprinterandpickupyouroutput.Youcanputseveralthingsinthequeuebeforestartingupthetypesetter,andgodosomethingelse20pb)d! (, .35E7 >5CF`K!$Q ,0373 >>?B_ H^Iw#8%)h /139 :=K@B^EI5]3'?h!U$&Y*.U15k:B=DFZI5[8S #'t+=/35:?B1 H7Y,W!$Z(+.:13?5D?mFRI5Mf'= W *"%'(,:/38'>+@ GK"% ,u0459;@>CFJ;B7!#$'t EpBg6 $')+/k2G59 <?@uBEG@W O#&+425$9~;?!DbG? 2!2#&'*.,/V258y;CIF%=q Cm% U"%4 ,.46:|_4 "1&+-0037:?BE~Hy97,h"'&c,137m8=?B7G7!&A(-'/1v7M:?QD@EHC5=& #R%*-Z/g4b6c:;? FH4Au  1J#%* .14E9c;=UAjE0r2T %"&='+-9/~2 ;K>BD-F~.`hx.`.`p+.`.`"#%' .16=NADGG|,n*t (w; !p% [7 &"&6(5 . 5C8 :<?Cn #ah!#' .2(69{=$A~E!!?"+#h&+/F147e:=I CF%  dE"(+-285=8<}ADk u  &(+.469v_ &)+Q026{ =AB~DF1G "% +/15{7=?CNEGN( {!$!(O+I-359>xBE!"9$(c*.035841PK#',,/r3i6A &)o. 0247K =>@D6F>WM q"!$';-1j35z:}>AZF/Go} i #X%(,0D3 6a8:5;?B/CF\  5 ^"&+ 024j :=?AH8w)e 4TVm$whileitisworkingaway.Thequeueisshownafterthe"Document"buttonandisinfacteditable;itisagoodideatoclick"Pause"beforeediting,though,tokeepthetypesetterfromtakingthequeueoutfromunderyou.Clicking"All"insteadof"Print"funnelsthewholequeueintoonebigpressfile,whichavoidsalotofheaderpagesifyouwanttoprintalotofsmallfiles.Hitting"Stop"willbringthetypesettertoagrindinghaltandwillalsoabortanytransmissiontoaprintserver.Destroyingatoolwillnotstopit;itwilljustfinishrunningandthengoaway.Ifyoutrytotypesetapressfile,itwilljustgetsenttotheserverwithoutmodification.TomakeaTSettertoolthatsendsitsoutputtoadifferentplace,typetheservernamesomewhere,selectit,andclick"New".Iftheselectionislessthantwocharacterslong,theresultingtoolwillbecalled"TSetter",andwilljustwriteapressfilewithouttryingtosenditanywhere.ItisOKtorunmultipletypesettersatthesametime.Ifyouwanttoprintmultiplecopies,"Grow"thetoolandyouwilldiscovera"Copies"fieldtofillin.Thisnumberisresetto1aftereachfileistransmitted,tokeepyoufromwastingalotofpaperbyforgettingtoresetit.Todrivethetypesetterfromaprogram(ortheexecutive),thereisaninterfacecalled"TSViewer"thatletsyoucreateatoolandsimulateclicksonitsbuttons.TIPTablesforTiogaTheacronym"TIP"standsfor"terminalinterfacepackage".TIPtablesdescribethetranslationfromkeyboardandmouseactionsintoexecutabletokens.ThestandardTIPtableforTiogaisfoundinthefile"Tioga.TIP"andcontainsallthegorydetailsaboutthingssuchasmulti-clicksofmousebuttonswithvariouscombinationsofshiftkeys.It'sunlikelythatyouwanttotrychanginganythinginTioga.TIP,butyoucanconsideraddingcommandstoyourownTIPtableforthingssuchasyourfavoritesetofeditmacros.YourTIPtablecanbe"layered"ontopoftheTiogatablesothatthesystemwilltrytointerpretactionsaccordingtoyourtablebeforelookingatthestandardone.TheUser.Profilecontainsanentrynamed"TiogaTIP"inwhichyoucanenterthefilenameofyourTIPtabletobelayeredoverthestandardTiogatable.TheentryshouldlooklikesomethinglikethisTiogaTIP:MyOwn.tipDefaultwhere"MyOwn.tip"isthefilenameforyourtable.Noticethatyourtablegoesfirstinthelist;definitionsintablesoccurringearlyinthelisttakeprecedenceoverthosethatappearlater.Thespecialname"Default"referstoTioga'sdefaultTIPtableandwilltypicallybethelastentryinthelist.Thefile"MyOwn.tip"containsasampletablethatyoucanedittoproduceyourown.ItalsocontainsdocumentationaboutthesyntaxofTIPtablesandthemacropackagewhichisusedwiththem.UsetheExeccommandReadTiogaTipTablestoreloadaTIPtableafteryou'vechangedit,or,ifyourusercategoryisadvanced,hitCTRL-!toreloadtheTiogaprofileinformation.StylesAstyleisacollectionofinterpretationsforlooksandformats.TheinterpretationsarerepresentedasprogramswritteninasimplelanguagebuiltontopoftheJaMinterpreter.Ifadocumentdoesn'tspecifyastyle,thesystemwilluseadefaultstyle.YoucansaywhatthedefaultwillbebyaddingauserprofileentryoftheformDefaultStyle:.....moretocome....21pb)u %&m*-0H 8h<?@BE=`hO#(4-N2~4Q7:K @D<H^,|$(-F.38:>CEH]3M[!&)+F-1Z36p79;d?Zs" 4 &y(+)Y.14c79=@, HIYvV > +!%"$K&)-m25\8:rTGom"/#&0(+-/2 6;$ Q~8#a%?)+e,2:6)9;;?Co Ojb #g)*-C0{39 9=<?EdHCN/ d "&E'v*-l268?;<CE~xFN/GN/pI$N/IN/L | $YJJY >$*,u/C147b<=CGHH]:}( Y#&)%* 2!379=1B#CIEWG F UJD3AB  !8&)+ 2n67|9x?*C- B]@  &=),-t >^%yp;${!(0-58<AD* 9\aU>"% ,;1I4 94f p#z'.0z369U<>BFG2Ab"%)0+-358y:8<@CEH10V#@)~+*.c16;<>DH/p  y$ ,o.247Q:=,?CGDH--v%b$(-!/38 ;"=DqGo+FX(@   !%f'+/46:Q=ACEH7'  $&F(+.* 5l8w@CRFH#!I " #x(N+.147q9N>B@F|H"  #Q')k,:0525h9>CDGwpd*l,50148-;@EGVIJC(!x#$}p&'<(:).!04a8 t pHHw q&(,/=5$8A+C 0Z!'*,/H13a6{ Z!"[&(~-/2q38~<?BEH vbSN "&s*+.1 9= u`w)e TVm$%ScreenRules,PrintRules,andStyleRules.AttachedstylesThecurrentsetofformattingparametersare...TiogaUserExecCommandsNote:IfthefollowingcommandsarenotknowntotheUserExecutive,type"RunTiogaExecCommands".ReadTiogaTipTablesCausesTiogatoreaditsTIPtablesagain.Ifyourusercategoryisadvanced,youcanalsoinvokethisoperationbyselectinginanyTiogadocumentandhittingCTRL-!.WritePlainMakeTiogafilesunformattedbyeliminatingeverythingexcepttheplaintext.Insertsleadingtabsbeforeeachnodeaccordingtoitsnestinginthetreeandterminateseachnodewithacarriagereturn.WriteMesaPlainSameasWritePlain,exceptinsertsdoubledashesatstartofcommentnodes.ReadIndentBuildTiogafileswithonenodeperlineofsourcewithindentingbasedonwhitespaceatthestartoflines.TiogaMesaConvertMesafilestoTiogaformatbycombiningaReadIndentwithaCTRL-Movertheentirefile.DoTiogaOpsExpectsacommandlinecontainingoperationsinthesameformatasintheEditTooloperationsfield.Amongotherthings,youcanusethistoinitializevariousEditToolchoicessuchasIgnoreCaseorMatchWords.TiogaUserProfileEntriesDefaultfileextensionsThisdetermineswhatextensionsTiogashouldlookforinopeningfiles.TheentryisoftheformSourceFileExtensions:mesatiogadfcmconfigstyleYoumayalsohaveanentryforimplementationextensionstobeusedwiththe"loadimpl"commands.ImplFileExtensions:cedarmesaOpenFirstLevelOnlyIfsettotrue,documentswillbeopenedwithonlytheirfirstlevelshowing.Defaultisfalse.OpenFirstLevelOnly:TRUE22pob)  ! o_Mo]3G. ! (+t YpjxU+!q#M%D(*;,! 36!9*uR}poOs!/%)+ .A1568>vA'CFtoN:6!~$'.l1#x5N6TNp8N9NuJ poH ? !# * 1|58 ;w>CHH oFe'!"$)+u-03 :k=AGD}EoDuAr po>/  j$)V-/U2d4:&u;h po8LIS S#&u)H+/29 =?*CFHo78u3po0_!W%'.0$ 7:x<;0=0pA;0A0DlFo/Qu, po)G. % ,j."048:O<>qD@ o'TC"% '*-/ 5x:@EI@o% e t !pju` po  #u'O+.127;>BC|E.GW" %s'8)-oh"U$ . 579=+@zCGo5Y!unpo !#(e+.147>=C=D 5 w)emTVm$eDefaultStylesDeterminedbyFileExtensionsThisentryspecifiesthedefaultstyletobeusedwithdocumentsthatdonotexplicitlynameastyle.Thestyleisdeterminedbytheextensioninthefilename.TheentryisoftheformExtensionStyles:...Tospecifyadefaultstyleforfileswithnoextensionintheirname,usethefakeextensionname"null"inthislist.DefaultStyleThisentryspecifiesthedefaultstyletobeusedwithdocumentsthatdonotexplicitlynameastyleanddonothaveanextensiongivenintheExtensionStyleslist.TheentryisoftheformDefaultStyle:CedarDefaultsubmenusThisentryspecifieswhichmenus,ifany,shouldautomaticallybedisplayedwhenyoucreateanewTiogaviewerbyclickingoneofthebuttonsintheupperrightcornerorbygivinganExeccommand.TheentryisoftheformDefaultTiogaMenus:placeslevelsorDefaultTiogaMenus:noneYoumaydeleteorreorderthemenunamestosuityourtastes.ScrollbottomoffsetWhenyouaretypingandthecaretgoestoanewlinejustoffthebottomoftheviewer,Tiogawillautomaticallyscrolltheviewerupalittletomakethecaretvisibleagain.Thisparametercontrolshowfaruptoscroll;abignumbercauseslargerbutlessfrequentglitches.ScrollBottomOffset:3ScrolltopoffsetWhenyoudoaFindcommandyoumaywanttoseeafewlinesinfrontofthematchtogiveyoumorecontext.ThisparametertellsTiogahowmanyextralinestowantinsuchsituations.TheentryisoftheformScrollTopOffset:1SelectionCaretThedefaultbehaviourforTiogaistoplacethecaretattheendnearerthecursorwhentheselectionismade.Somepeoplehaverequestedtohavethecaretalwaysplacedatoneendortheother,hencethisprofileentry.Thechoicesarebefore,after,andbalance.TheentryisoftheformSelectionCaret:beforeSelectionDisplacementThisletsyouspecifyaverticaldisplacementformakingselections.Tiogabehavesasifyouhadpointedthisnumberofpointshigherupthescreensothatyoucanpointatthingsfromslightlybelowthem.TheentryisoftheformYSelectFudge:223ub&  [#( po_aa}#G&(j*|-18*;=C? EIo]{S "9$4&,.`03)7:>0?AUC[< #L + 3 ZAZDFH-uUpoRyf"M%n' (,/#68:= BFGoQF&-!%'Z)369~=>}@6BN 9uKvpoHX $&s).# 68>BEIoG fO!$&V(-/u159D=?iAmEGoEb ="B!@g=o;k~S 2"&r*,d/2Au8po5Tc"[%(*+.14p69'>?B?Go3: !%'),c.1248u Qpo{V r$&$(+.a136P9;=@EDHo o#;&y,.X137B;?AD$FHo>z9#S&>+-2<58>AECFHomu po" *-%2 9.=BVD EwH7oZ+^"I&(+ /`1,469R<>BF&o |M!r# 5  w)eTVm$CTIPTableThisentryspecifiestheTIPtablestousewithTiogadocuments.TheentryisoftheformTiogaTIP:MyOwnTip.tipDefaultSeethesectiononTIPtablesformoreinformation.UnsavedDocumentsCacheSizeThiscontrolsthenumberofunsaveddocumentsthesystemwillremember.TheentryisoftheformUnsavedDocumentsCacheSize:4ShowUnsavedDocumentsListIfthisistrue,aviewerwillbecreatedholdinganup-to-datelistoftheunsaveddocumentsthatcanstillbereloaded.TheentryisoftheformShowUnsavedDocumentsList:TRUEUsercategoryAsdescribedabove,thisentryletsyoucontrolyourusercategory.ThealternativesareBeginner,Intermediate,andAdvanced.TheentryisoftheformUserCategory:Intermediate24ub0po_[ $&R(+/ 7:g=?gA C\g oZGe!#' uVpoTBy!>&-0 47F>AESFHoRiO#uL}PpoIb "',. 5O79Y;A%H oH #y$&(Ew#CuB_po?@z"$'F+/(28d;6 BmDo= !$(X)+}-;  w)eoTVm$CommandSummaryThisisashortsummaryoftheTiogacommandsavailableusingthekeyboardandmouse.OthercommandsareavailablethroughtheEditTool,theEditHistoryTool,andvariousUserExecoperations.Theextrakeysonthekeyboardareusedforcommoneditingactions.RecallthatthebottomrightblankkeycanbeusedasanotherCTRLkey,andyoucanuseeitherCTRLkeyandeitherSHIFTkeyinterchangeably.ESCRepeatlastactionSHIFT-ESCUndolastactionESC-selectAutomaticrepeatoflastactionwhenfinishselectionDELDeleteLFLoadfilein"NoName"viewerCTRL-LFLoadImplfilein"NoName"viewerBSBackspacecharacterSHIFT-BSDeletenextcharacterCTRL-BSBackspacewordCTRL-SHIFT-BSDeletenextwordNEXTFindnextplaceholder(middleblankkey)SHIFT-NEXTFindpreviousplaceholderRETURNInsertcarriagereturnwithleadingspacescopiedfrompreviouslineSHIFT-RETURNInsertcarriagereturnCTRL-RETURNBreaknodeMousebuttonclicksareusedformakingselections.CLICKSLEFTMIDDLERIGHTSINGLESelectletterSelectwordExtendselectionatcurrentlevelDOUBLESelectnodeSelectbranchReduceselectionlevelandextendTRIPLEIncreaseselectionlevelandextendSelectionsareusedfordelete,copy,andmove.CTRL-selectDeletewhenfinishselectionSHIFT-selectCopytoprimaryCTRL-SHIFT-selectMovetoprimaryLOOKcommandsareusedforeditinglooks.(TheLOOKshiftisthetopblankkey.)LOOK-charAddlooktoselectionLOOK-SHIFT-charRemovefromselectionLOOK-spaceRemoveallfromselectionExceptforCTRL-A,CTRL-H,andCTRL-W,thefollowingcommandsarenotenabledforbeginningusers.WeprovidebothCTRL-AandCTRL-Hasaconveniencetouserswithstronghabitsfromprevioussystems.A"*"indicatesacommandenabledforadvancedusersonly.CTRL-ABackspacecharacterCTRL-SHIFT-ADeletenextcharacterCTRL-BInsertmatchingplaceholderbracketsCTRL-CLowercaseCTRL-SHIFT-CUppercaseCTRL-CLICK-CInitialcapsCTRL-SHIFT-CLICK-CFirstcapCTRL-DSelectdocumentCTRL-EExpandabbreviation25t anp^;`!%,26F8>AF\5#A%))-/28;>CG[Q XJ\Z!#'3)h/39=@BGW.v(x"W.#W.p&WW.'W.)C+.163x7W.8_W.p; W.;W.=@VxDAW.DW.pH W.HW.UxoS pS #&#xoQcpQcxJQcpQc"%\xoOpOxOO%)+.2)59xoNpNxoLkpLk"$&).yxoJpJxJpJ"%(I)- 1xoIpI%xoGtpGtxJGtpGt#V&exoEpExEpE%xoD%pD%xD%p[D%xD%pD%#V&exoB}pB}"L%\ ,15xo@p@xJ@p@"L' xo?-p?-"(,6/Q4$8^<@6Exo= p="(xo; p;"9b V"'| xo6Z6)F6616o5>pZ5> ])F5>-I615>:@B-Fxo3pZ3 ])F3-I613;@CFrxo1p611<CH7o0H- { G $W'xo+Pp+P+P+P#V' *xo)p)J))"$Sxo(p(x(p[((("$x%p%l% F % )x,%-%p0%12%3547: =xo# p# A# # " %$&xo!ap!axA!ap!a!a!a$]'xopA$]&M)=x==p/=x=FpW=x=p= &=x"X=##=p%i=x%=p&='=*x07:#<BDbox p!x!p"#x%&p(x)]p*+t,- 57;o>C GByxpz"#*R/~17;Nxospsxsps%xopxp[xp#V&exo#p#x#p#"( 0Dxo{p{x{p{#>xopxp[xp#Kxo,p,x,p,x,p,"xo p x p[ x pt x p "6xo p x p "xo 5p 5x 5p 5$ w)eTVm$CTRL-F-selectCopyformattoprimary*CTRL-HBackspacecharacterCTRL-SHIFT-HDeletenextcharacterCTRL-IIndent(doesBreakandNest)*CTRL-SHIFT-IUnindent(doesBreakandUnNest)*CTRL-JJoinnodes*CTRL-KMakecontrolcharacterCTRL-SHIFT-KUnmakecontrolcharacterCTRL-MAutomaticMESAformattingCTRL-NNest*CTRL-SHIFT-NUnNest*CTRL-OMakeoctalcharacterCTRL-SHIFT-OUnmakeoctalcharacterCTRL-PPasteCTRL-Q-selectCopylookstoprimaryCTRL-S-selectCopyprimarytoselecteddestinationCTRL-TTimeCTRL-VSelectvisible(expandtoselectiontoblanks)CTRL-WBackspacewordCTRL-SHIFT-WDeletenextwordCTRL-X-selectSelectfortransposewithprimaryCTRL-Z-selectMoveprimarytoselecteddestinationCTRL-]Selectmatching[..]'s(samefor},),and>)CTRL-[Addmatching[..]'s(samefor",',-,{,(,and<)CTRL-!HaveTiogareaditsTIPtablesagain*CTRL-_Setformattowordbeforecaret*CTRL-SHIFT-_Insertformatname*CTRL-\SetcommentpropertyTRUE*CTRL-SHIFT-\SetcommentpropertyFALSE*26xob)pb)xb)pb),b)b)"' (x.b)o`p`x`p`%xo^p^x^p[^x^p^#V&exo]3p]3x]3p]3#a' +-x1q]3o[p[x[p[[x[p[%%(,/|x5[oYpYxYpY!x%YoX=pX=xX=pX="'xoVpVxVp[VxVpV$)<xoTpTxTpTx%T&Tp)PT)TxoSGpSGxSGpSGx"/SGoQpQxQp[QxQpQx$QoOpOxOpO"&"xoNQpNQxNQp[NQxNQpNQ$'xoLpLxLpLxoKpKxKpKOKK"&B'xoI[pI[xI[pI[I[I["'). xoGpGxGpGxoF pF xF pF "'B,.=35xoDepDexDepDe%xoBpBxBp[BxBpB#V&exoApAxApAGAA"%0+D._xo?op?ox?op?o,?o?o"(). xo=p=x=p="(,K0B24 5b8xo< p< x< p< " ( +c/Y13$4X57;8;Hxo:yp:y:y:y"&o)+d.&2x5:yo8p8x8p8y \8!O8%'y+/Qx28o7*p7*x7*p[7*x7*p7*"'Wx+7*o5p5x5p5!O'Xx,5-50o3p3x3p[3x3p3!O'Xx,3-30w)eqTVm$/ LAUREL TIMESROMAN HELVETICA TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN TIMESROMANY TIMESROMANLOGO TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN   ' . x7 A ~L 'W a Pj *t ^}  - W9 j/+TiogaDoc.Tioga15-Nov-82 15:07:09