IntroductiontoCedarVersion4.2Releaseas[Indigo]Documentation>Introduction.tioga,.pressCamefrom[Indigo]Manual>Introduction.tioga,.pressByJimMorris,MarkBrown,etal.LasteditedByScottMcGregoronOctober12,19829:57amByJimHorningonDecember20,19826:12pmByEdTaftonJune1,198311:33amByWarrenTeitelmanonJune2,198311:18amAbstract:Thismemoisasortofoperators'manualforacquiringandusingCedar.Itexplainstheminimumyouneedtotoknowaboutmostthings,dependinguponotherdocumentsforthefullstory.Thismemoisprobablyoutofdateifitisinhardcopyform.ItisintendedtodocumentRelease4.2ofCedar,June1983,butsomesectionsstillreflectearlierreleases.[Ifyouarereadingthisdocumenton-line,tryusingtheTiogaLevelsandLinesmenus(ifyoucan)toinitiallybrowsethetopfewlevelsofitsstructurebeforereadingitstraightthrough.]XEROXXeroxCorporationPaloAltoResearchCenter3333CoyoteHillRoadPaloAlto,California94304DRAFTForInternalXeroxUseOnlyDRAFTp ^k ,q YuWr TosT02r R LsR-0r Q0sQ0nbt" Q0"Q0#r O sO &),/M:a%|'+.L:< $0(1J !%'V*.u GDsVGD3GD&#.! ('-o/6h9i=}BWC E X(! %Z)-5B9=DG C ` @ 7S&!Z"$%'i.13O4;<C ? `$*! &).62u ; E//p#)+0$37w<?DG :  |Rz!$'+70*2S4?BhD V t ^"#'*./p37579<?CFT T  WB #&,*,/( 68|;x=?A9BE` SM W &\"k ),\/3i5x@FADF Q 1O "$ -4769>tBDG On"(,- 38L:>AbC8 NW Q"*#&+2!6 :@C L`J@ !%'B).2 607 A+CEV K E#5n$'3(A,35_8G9<3>wCP Ia$)/ 7 F  P# DM U $&'+1G4r7D8ID;u>k|C.wC.C.!rSC. C.w#C. A6? `7"$ &*/@028;s>A6?A6D[w ?=: $%%*.+0 6>ADx=K =-s= =-n =!$=-!$=!=-!="=-X"=#=-X#=#l=-#l=$>=-$>=%;=-%;=& =*=-w&tx'r(++"jTVm$,contactyourlocalsupportstaff.ThepreciseforminwhichCedarasksforyourcredentialsdependsuponthewayinwhichthecredentialswereoriginallyinstalled.Publicmachinesandsomepersonalmachines(attheirowners'option)have"unprotected"disks,meINTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR41.TheCedarWorldTouseCedaryoumustfirstfindaDoradoorDolphin.Cedarwillusuallybefoundinitsidlestate,displayingthewords"TypeKey"inthecursor.Afterpressingakeyonthekeyboard,youwillbeaskedtosupplyyournameandpassword.ToawakenaslumberingDoradopressitsbootbuttonthreetimesandwaitforsomethingtoappearonthescreen(aminuteorso).TostartCedaronawakenedDoradoholddowntheC(forCedar)keyandbootthemachinebypressingthebootbuttonthreetimes.ToturnonaDolphinpressthestartbuttononitsmaintenancepanelandwaitforsomethingtoappearonthescreen(acoupleofminutes).TostartCedaronanawakenedDolphinholddowntheP(forPilot)keyandbootthemachinebypressingthebootbuttononce.IfCedarisproperlyinstalledonthemachinethecursorwillturnintoacedartree,andyouwillbepromptedforanameandpasswordorjustapassword;ifyoudon'tknowwhattotype,gethelp.Iftheversionnumberatthetopofthescreenislargerthan4.2,checkforanewerversionofthismemo.Ifitissmaller,getthenewreleaseusingtheinstructionsinsection1.7.2.IfthescreensaysOthello...,typingRollbackorBootClientmaygetyoutoCedar.Otherwise,youhavenoCedarworld;consultsection1.7onhowtogetyourdisksetup.1.0CredentialsRoyLevinCedarexpectsitsusertobeanindividualregisteredwithGrapevine.WheneveryouentertheCedarworld,youwillbeaskedtosupplyyourGrapevineRNameandpassword.Onceyouhavebeenauthenticated,Cedarwillrememberyourcredentialsuntilyoueither(1)pushthebootbutton,(2)bootanon-Cedarpartition(e.g.,anAltopartition),or(3)pushthe"Idle"buttonintheextremeupperrightcornerofthescreen.IfyouarenotregisteredwithGrapevine,contactyourlocalsupportstaff.ThepreciseforminwhichCedarasksforyourcredentialsdependsuponthewayinwhichthecredentialswereoriginallyinstalled.Publicmachinesandsomepersonalmachines(attheirowners'option)have"unprotected"disks,meaningthatCedarwillpermitanyindividualrecognizedbyGrapevinetologin.Otherpersonalmachines,however,have"protected"disks,meaningthatCedarwillonlyallowaspecificindividualtologin.Tochangefromaprotecteddisktoanunprotectedoneorviceversa,useOthello's"InstallCredentials"command.1.1ScreenManagementandInputScottMcGregorThebasisforscreenmanagementistheViewer.Ingeneral,aviewermanifestsitselfasarectangularareaonthescreen.Someviewerssimplydisplaytext,othersarevirtualbuttonsthatinvokeprocedureswhenclicked.Weusetheverbclicktodescribetheactsofpositioningthemouse-controlledcursoroveraviewerthendepressingandreleasingamousebutton,usuallytheleftone.Middleclickmeanstodepressthemiddlebutton,rightclickmeanstodepresstherightbutton,etc.Inthepastmousebuttonswereimaginedtobered,yellow,andbluescanningfromlefttoright,soyouwilloccasionallyseethatterminology.Acrossthetopofthescreenisasmallmessageareawherevariouscommentsaboutthesystem'sstatusandbehaviorwillappear.Ifthemessageisespeciallyimportant,themessagewindowwillflashtocalltheyourattentiontoit.Thelargemiddlepartofthescreenisdividedintotwocolumnsfordisplayingtoolsanddocuments.Mosttoolsanddocumentswillinitiallyappearasiconssmallpicturesatthebottomofthescreen.Youcanopenanicontoseeitscontentsbymiddleclickingit;holdingdowntheSHIFTkeywhileclickingmakesitconsumethewholecolumn.Leftclickinganiconselectsit,makingittherecipientoftype-infromthekeyboard.Iconkeyboardcommandsinclude:CEDAR4.2w gx!?g"(g *w,gx-gsHDgy ^ 3w [JbY!G"q'|)@ Yw, 0{!Y"!Yw$WY$Y' .r049 <>~@EX(QM$'d*,/1591<? V"  $o&A)i-1S47:<CbET{6o! R 9Ta$'+r.Rw/\R/R2'69vA#GMPW]$ % Kb z%)0-r/gKbw0Kb1 Kb3L79BICEDwDBIEJBIs @w@@s@@w@@J"#(V /C2 5f7;@!D > )/3*fTpz ; ) }m;w 8\N; & ,W/e 6s<?C$Ew 6!%T,l14;?BF2 5  .#m *L-0Q4A6l9<1?eD3F^ 3f   &t(<*g-0+4g8:<B7F= 1;Tfq &1)K 0g5&8b;@ /Cv"W%o'+; 2?7;>A BG/ -   !%+.28c>@D + R#&x*p,1J3 :, @B *M  >%g( 039a<&@4BE (  y$tv#?&'-02r4_ ;>@hC=G & z # ) }!-#$$w `}7 !I"{% `& `w) `) `+016APC`G/r [w [B [#9$X&*0$3$8@:7{=A [= [wAy [A [C-H  Kh/$'-4&tx'r(++" MTVm$Enkingcaretthatindicateswhereyourtypedcharacterswillappear.Asequenceoftextcharactersmaybeselectedbyleftclickingthefirstcharacterandrightclickingthelast;theywillappearvideoreversed,i.e.,whiteonblack.Thosecharactersthenbecomethecurrentselectionwhichvariousbuttons(e.g.,Open)treatasaninputparameterINTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR5CMovetheicontothecolordisplay(assumingyouhavethehardware).DELDeletetheicon.LMovetheicontotheleftcolumn.MMovetheicontoanothercolumn.OOpentheicon(likemiddleclicking).SHIFT-OOpentheiconfullsize(likeSHIFTmiddleclicking).RMovetheicontotherightcolumn.Openviewersdisplayamenuofcommandsacrossthetopwhenyoumovethecursorintothecaption(theblackbandatthetopcontainingthenameoftheviewer).Thecommandsareasfollows:DestroyMaketheviewerdisappear.AdjustChangethesizeoftheviewerorsizeofthecolumn(seebelow).TopMovetheviewertothetopofthecolumn.<--Movetheviewertotheleftcolumn.-->Movetheviewertotherightcolumn.GrowCloseallotherviewersinthecolumn.CloseMaketheviewericonic.MiddleclickinginthecaptionmenualwaysinvokestheGrowcommand,andRightclickingalwaysinvokesClose.Thisallowsyoutoinvokethesefrequentlyusedoperationswithouthavingtopositionthemouseasaccurately.Theheightofaviewerinacolumniscomputedfromasetofhints,somedeterminedbyprogramsandsomeindicatedbytheuser.Theprogramwhichcreatedtheviewercanspecifyadesiredheight(suchasintheEditToolandWatchviewers)ortheprogramcanrequestthattheviewerreceivea"fairshare"oftheavailablespace(asinTiogatextviewers).TheusermayoverridetheseprogramhintsbyclickingtheAdjustcaptionmenucommand,enteringamodewhereanewheighthintmaybespecifiedwiththemouse.Movingthecursoroutoftheoriginalcolumnchangesthemodetoallowtheusertospecifyanewcolumnheightandwidth.Atanytimewhileinadjustmode,simultaneouslydepressingtwomousebuttonscancelstheadjustcommand.Somemenuitemsandbuttonwillbedisplayedwithastrikeoutbarthroughthetext.Theseareknownasguardedcommands,implyingthatcommand,ifinadvertantlytriggered,mightcauselossofyourcurrentstate.Toinvokeaguardedcommand,clickoncetoremovetheguardandthenagaintotrigger(withinafewsecondsortheguardwillreappear).Inordertotypesomethingintoaviewer,youmustfirstestablishtheinputfocusbyclickingsomewhereinsideit.(Iftheviewerisatypescriptviewer,i.e.oneinwhichyouandthesystemalternatelyinsertcharacters,asopposedtoaTiogadocument,youshouldmakesurethatyouclickthemouseinthewhitespacebelowthelastcharacter.)Leftclickinginatextareapositionstheblinkingcaretthatindicateswhereyourtypedcharacterswillappear.Asequenceoftextcharactersmaybeselectedbyleftclickingthefirstcharacterandrightclickingthelast;theywillappearvideoreversed,i.e.,whiteonblack.Thosecharactersthenbecomethecurrentselectionwhichvariousbuttons(e.g.,Open)treatasaninputparameter.Whateveryoutypereplacesthecurrentselectionwhenitisvideoreversed.TherearemanyotherthingstolearnaboutselectiondescribedintheTiogamanual[G1].TiogaisgenerallysimilartoLaurel[G2].Therearesomebuttonsattherightendofthemessagearea.Youcanbootanyofyoursystemvolumes(e.g.,Alto,Client,Othello)byclickingBoottobringupasetofguardedbuttons.TheNewbuttoncreatesanewtextviewerthatyoucantypenewtextinto;typingafilenamefollowedbyLFwillloadafileintoit.TheOpenbuttoncreatesanewtextviewerforthefilenamedbythecurrentselection.ClickingIdlecausesthescreentoturnblackanddisplayadancing"TypeKey"cursor.ThisisthepreferredwayofendingasessionwithoutactuallyleavingtheCedarworld;variousvolatilestructuresCEDAR4.2w gx!?g"(g *w,gx-gsHDgr _'w_'|!#%)j.47K:< r ]9w]9Ur [Kw[K|!#%(br Y]wY]|!#(r WowWo[!$) r UwU[!$J&r*U*Uw-U.U2W r SwS-! Q !) -J/2~6c9J=9?D'G/ OpNe: %(S,-0+5`88?AqCs MwMq#5 s KwK"$_&+#,/1K38;ls IwI|#@$'N)+|-s GwG|#@$'N)s EwE|#@$'N*s CwCZJ!&(*s AwAq#5 ?t|4g#B',s.?t0?tw2?t3?t9DG 3 {c3 `3 w3 E3 l%&*+/347;>AC 1e W D"$',11;6|8<>B]DG /@ #]%o(&+b/-059Z B . ! +xS"$+ .L/5m8=a?CG; ){h))w)I)"%,.N 6 =A-EG (M @!#H*-m027: >@DG &Q9 #& $*"#m(m+h/2/8 {:$*;$*>wwB:$*C$*Dy "y u! ',s.18269w<>lB  i"),1&47:=@CrG 4 gB;Q $&';,l.5/z2M5a;C={CF4C4wF4G/4  !.#(*A0(14 ;>?EG <}$' ),/37=j?CE > y{ >>#w)T>*R>-f227,s:>;>w>>? >B>CE  "=$)y/'24E59?\ChE  $ '(+N/C4B7;=JCFG HQ G Q#&(y*0u379=?AE &sr "s'&(&w+s&+&-;03)4l68t=CMsF>&G<&w [ #& ),.26I7p9=C4rE-EwFG  _(s  w G $Y%s(R*/N1|36&:<>C 0s 0 0w 04 0#&)./5X9=BMEG/  hU$u).q059>fCN &tx'r(++" TVm$;yedaspartofitscaption.To"talk"toaparticularUserExec,simplyestablishtheinputfocusbyclickinginthebottomportionofthecorrespondingviewer,andthenstarttyping.SincetheWorkAreaisaviewer,alloftheviewerfacilitiesareavailableformanipulatingtheWorkArea(seesection1.1).Inparticular,itcanbegrown,adjusted,scrolled,moved,closed(theUserExecwillcontinuerunningand/oroutputtingcharacters,youjustwon'tseethemuntilyoureopentheviINTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR6willbemadesecureonthedisk.Ifyousubsequentlyhitakey,youwillbeaskedtologin,afterwhichthescreenwillberestoredtoitsstateatthetimethatIdlewasinvoked.TheFlybuttonwilldisplayasetofninedesktops,anyoneofwhichyoucanexaminebyleftclicking.Allofyouriconsaretransferredtothenewdesktop.Thecheckpointfacilityallowsyoutosavetheeffectofalongset-upcomputationsuchastheonethatoccursafteraninstallationofarelease.ArmandclicktheCheckpointbuttonatthetopofthescreenandwaitforawhile(aboutfourminutesonaDolphin).Don'tworrythatthecursorwon'tmovewiththemouse.Then,wheneveryoustartyourCedarworldorclicktheRollbackbutton,youwillfindyourselfinthisstate.Itisimportanttounderstandthatrollingbackonlyrestoresthestateofthevirtualmemory.Itdoesnotundochangesmadetofilesorthedirectory.Thusyoushouldcreatecheckpointsonlywhenthesystemisinaquiescentstatewithnoopenfiles;otherwise,strangethingsmighthappenafterarollback.Ifyouwanttooverwriteabcd(eitherbycompilingorfiletransfer)thatwasloadedpriortoacheckpointyoushouldboottheClientvolumeandcreateanewcheckpoint.Don'tmakecheckpointsonpublicDoradosunlessyouknowhowtorestorethestandardonewhenyouaredone.1.2UserExecWarrenTeitelmanNote:ThefollowingissummarizedandextractedfromthedocumentationofCedarUserExec,[G14],whichalsoappearsasasaseparatesectionoftheCedarManual.Formorecompletediscussion,andlotsofexamples,refertothisdocumentation,whichcanalsobefoundonyourdiskasthefileUserExec.tioga.GeneralCommentsTheCedarexecutiveiscalledtheUserExec.ItisanamalgamoftheAltoExec,aCedarLanguageinterpreter,andadebuggerbackedupbyoptionalautomaticerrorcorrectionfacilitiessimilartoInterLisp'sDWIM.Forexample,theUserExeccanbeusedtoloadandrunbcds,list,copy,rename,anddeletefiles,evaluateCedarLanguageexpressions,catchbreaksandsignals,anddisplaythestateofaprocessthathasbeenstoppedbyabreakorsignal.TheuserinteractswithaparticularUserExec(youcanhaveseveralaround,evenexecuting,atthesametime)throughaspecialviewercalledaWorkArea.EachWorkAreahasaname,typicallyasingleletter,whichisdisplayedaspartofitscaption.EachWorkAreaalsohasamode,whichiseitherExecutiveorInterpreter,alsodisplayedaspartofitscaption.To"talk"toaparticularUserExec,simplyestablishtheinputfocusbyclickinginthebottomportionofthecorrespondingviewer,andthenstarttyping.SincetheWorkAreaisaviewer,alloftheviewerfacilitiesareavailableformanipulatingtheWorkArea(seesection1.1).Inparticular,itcanbegrown,adjusted,scrolled,moved,closed(theUserExecwillcontinuerunningand/oroutputtingcharacters,youjustwon'tseethemuntilyoureopentheviewer),opened,split,orevendestroyed(whichwillabortanyoperationthatisexecutingthenexttimeittriestodoinputoroutput).Furthermore,sincetheviewerviewsaTiogatypescript,alloftheTiogaeditingandselectionmechanismscanbeusedwithrespecttothecommandlinethatyouarecomposing:youcaneditthislinetoyourheartscontent,andwhenyouterminatethecommand,itwilllookexactlylikeyoutypedintheeditedline.NewUserExecsandtheircorrespondingWorkAreascanbecreatedviatheNewmenubuttonwhichappearsinthefirstlineofeachUserExecmenu.ThisworksevenwhenaparticularWorkAreaseemstohave"died".ExistingUserExecscanbedestroyedviatheDestroyViewermenubutton.IfyoudestroyyouronlyWorkArea,anExecbuttonispostedatthetopofthescreenwhichyoucanusetocreatenewWorkAreas.EventsCEDAR4.2w gx!?g"(g *w,gx-gsHDgw _/ e"q" +-*.^1U468<>]B<E ] []]wa!#I%(+.1k7s9]:]w@ABEVG/ To",5"6'j)m*048;=BE R ] , #'+3/04s6jR7hRw(]*f-1G 7<@D L* DJ3$,%r(;,.5\7<9?aBLE J e p"%Y).157':A AE H ms=!`$'*,13n9 ;?jB!Dtz E )z}SERw B<>5 " $*-0 9b:>Eb @ Xj#%(,1s47={ DLF > & "&)6+-1369;:=?{ 9w 610!( )+- 247:7=?%CD 4 cj!$-&x,+26 =Y C G 3X 4!d'*P,]/147~:0=@DM 1 a{# +^.3Q6 :=BBDG 0 - $&v -8k "(,.16;? EG/ + s] $%,0M79:>DpE *? + &)r025-{6B*?7X*?w9T*?:*?>?lCD (  "c$E)+/12 8?}C & KU#}(\*,u 5k:(<@C $tHB^"]$&).- 3|6<> G/ ":a "$&~(S,27<@Cf !& 5 "m )+.K24?7:=BDY ~0j "%U)+1467AE(F   f3~ !$&+V/0P49 :<>A D 0 i 0"%C)+.)47a:?=?j F  w9?z"%)5+24t;-<?.BGF  z( e.e %L,x.057s: e; ew=Me>weAE <k#'*.2!56 =-CG  =r+ ")+O-27;@m@m@y@AjAABBCeCeD,DDEEF'F'FoFGGGGHZHZ  o  o X Xo  o ~ ! !o  ocoo~5a5ooQQoooooohXho~??oo~**oooggo~oGGooo}o}ooo n~ c o!O!Oo!~"R"Ro##o##o$Xo$Xo$$o%m%mo&4~&&o'Wo'Wo'~(Eo(Eo((o)z)zo* ~*o*o+ + o++o,~--o-y-o.B~.o.o/0/0o//o0~11o11o2:2:o22o3c3co4 4 o4~5N5No6L6Lo7c7o7v7vo88o8~9V9Vo::o::o;~<<o<<o=G=Go>~>>o?S?So??o@}~@o@oAjAjoB&~BBoC?C?oCCoDiDioEoEoE}E}oF"~FFoGgGgoH H o ^a  M^ M ^  ^  H^ HP^P^z^z^{ xw&tx'r(++" TVm$ "#&*B-2D4k7;o J w_4"K%(u HD zHDHDu!>HD"hHD%'Z-069|<=BDF FX  p '#z*SF+ Fu- F.4F1b3% :<CEG D|* v B& {u ? 1!4%i +3+7> @B =$x=uW=x <u <{<A $T( *u/14!8;)<>DGS:YINTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR7EachuserinteractionwithaUserExeciscalledanevent.Atthestartofeachevent,theuserispromptedby&followedbytheeventnumber.Theuserthentypesinacommandlineconsistingofthenameofaregisteredcommand,followedbyitsarguments,ifany,andterminatedbyY,?,CTRL-X,orESC.TheUserExecthenperformstheindicatedoperation,printstheresult,andpromptstheuserforthenextevent.TypingDELduringtheinputofacommandwillaborttheinput,causingyoutobereprompted.ClickingtheStopmenubutton(ortypingCTRL-DEL)duringtheexeuctionofaneventwillcauseittoabortthecurrentoperation(butsometimesittakesalittlewhile).Terminatingacommandlinewith?signifiesarequestforadditionalinformation.Specifically,?byitselfprintsalistofcommandscurrentlyregistered,?afteraregisteredcommandprintsadescriptionofthecommand,and?afteraCedarexpressionprintsthetypeof(thevalueof)theexpression.Forexample:&4walnut?WalnutCreatesaviewerforsendingorretrievingmail.&5_3.2?isoftypeREAL&6_Rope.Cat?isoftypePROC[r1,r2,r3,r4,r5,r6:ROPE_NIL]RETURNS[ROPE];returnstheconcatenationofuptosixropes(limitbasedonevalstackdepth)BoundsFaultoccursiftheresultgetstoolargeTerminatingacommandwithCTRL-Xmeansto"expand"thecommand,butnottoexecuteit,i.e.e.g.perform*expansion.TerminatingacommandwithESCmeansto"complete"thecommand,asfaraspossible,butnottoexecuteit.RegisteredCommandsThefollowingaresomeofthemoreusefulregisteredcommands.Morecommandscanbediscoveredthroughtheuseof?.@takesafilenameasargument.Treatthecontentsofthenamedfileasacommandfile,i.e.interpretthetextasasequenceofcommands.If{file}hasnoextension,lookforafileoftheform{file}.commandsor{file}.cm._Treattheremainderoftheinputlineasamesaexpressiontobeevaluated.Evaluatetheexpressionandprintitsvalue.Iftheexpressionisterminatedwith?,printthetypeofitsvalue,ratherthanthevalue.Iftheexpressionisterminatedwith!,printthevalueshowingthereferentsofallREFsandPOINTERstoanunlimiteddepth.Note:manyusersprefertodointerpretationofexpressionsinInterpreterWorkAreasorActionWorkAreas(seebelow),inwhichcasethe_isautomaticallyprovidedatthebeginningofeachcommandline,andtouseExecutiveWorkAreasfor"executive"typeofoperationssuchasrunningprogramsandmanipulatingfiles.BindBindalistofconfigurations.SeediscussionofCompilemenubuttonbelow.BringoverRetrievefilesusingaspecifieddffile(see1.3.2)ChangeAreaModechangeanExecutiveWorkAreatoanInterpreterWorkAreaandviceversa.CompileCompilealistofmodules.CopyCopycontentsofoneormorefilestoanother.SyntaxisCopynew_old1old2...oldn.DateTypetoday'sdateandtime.DeleteDeletealistoffiles.FetchCopiesremotefile(s)tocorrespondinglocalfile(s).CEDAR4.2w gx!?g"(g *w,gx-gsHDgw _/Ik n%U&+ {-"_/-_/w0!_/1%_/3I59 :>DByEH# ]=3cY!b&),/3T46 <|?, E|G/ [  =#%' .0m36P =Y|?n[w@T[AIrB[C[wF[G[r Z9w )Z9 Z9T"( .25-9k<<AD>GR X wrXXwXRX '"&(m)0N3%69{=BEG{ V CsVVw&VPV! %'r, V,Vw2PV3V69'?`ACF UC En!$+K,01H4y R s!Rw"R(E)m.?0y 6 > sFlRwGR Q  D,Q? " s)Q w*Q -/ 5^;?@ G Oy ps]OywOy- '+.136:= ? F Mu KV+J s+KV4J4KVJXKVRJRKV$J$KVJnKVcJcKV I u &W(1 .u H iG s iH rG G HGcH G HGH F` y =wu D iDO s iD rDO DO DDODDODDOD]DOc]DDODDODDOnDDOD C y =w3 e"&(+2 Ai y ("#&*B-2D4k7;o ? w_4"K%(w =F Grt=F ?=Fw#=F%=F(K* 0S29<$>@lEtG5 ; {  !")[r,{;-5;w/';0Q;3q5% EGL 9 4*{ 6 {w 3Ypm)"& ,37>n@B 1$s1wW1s /w /{/A $T( *u/14!8;)<>DGS.$&-/3e58 >ADEWG,u/s,u?,uw!,u",u# **,"Z&.)*,9/ 68: A`G/(  $/%(T //0 7; <@%BEG'85"$G& -. 59&:>@sD,%/ i# *,;.+4lo#T 5"0 *,q 35E <+C[E !n"%4')r+ 39;_=D|F^  y#4*m, 478 ?~BDX  x s 2w2,VM"%1 +s-l2.j2w3124[27;s CwC!$%+-V/2s U w QU%-'R-468 ?Fs w*T!#Js w#$')|-%0(17d<s=>AlDFI*w*s <w< #&}s Nw N  ]"s `w `a (+&tx'r(++" TVm$ INTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR8HelpProvidemorecompleteexplanationofUserExecinaseparateviewer.ListPrintsizeandcreationdatefortheindicatedfiles.ListByDatesPrintsizeandcreationdatefortheindicatedfiles,sortedbycreatedate.LoginSupplyusernameandpassword.RenameRenameafile.SyntaxisRenamenew_old.RunLoadandStartthenamedprograms.SModelStorefilesonremoteserversusingaspecifieddffile.(seesection1.3.2)TSetterCreateatypesetterviewerforspecifiedserver,anduseittoprintnameddocumentsUserTypethenameofthelogged-inuser.WalnutForsendingorretrievingmail.Forconvenience,anumberofcommonlyusedregisteredcommandscanalsobeinvokedviamenubuttonsthatappearinthefirstlineofthemenuofeachWorkArea.Ifitisn'tobviouswhatthesemenubuttonsdo,consult[G14].InterpreterWorkAreasWhentypingtoanInterpreterWorkArea,theuserisalwayspromptedwith&nn_,wherennistheeventnumber.Whattheusertypesfollowingthe_istreatedasanexpressiontobeevaluatedinthecurrentcontextanddefaultglobalcontext,ifany,fortheWorkArea.Thevalueoftheexpressionwillbeassignedtothevariablewhosenameprecedesthe_,i.e.&nn.Thisvaluecanbereferencedinlaterexpressions.Asmentionedearlier,if?istypedfollowinganexpression,thetypeoftheexpression,plusotherexplanatoryinformation,isprinted.ThefollowingistakenfromanactualsessionwithanInterpreterWorkArea.TheitalicizedtextattherightisaddedcommentarynotprintedbyUserExec.&2_Rope.Cat["Ce","dar"]YNotethatRopeistheinterface,nottheimplementation."Cedar"&3_LIST[1,3.2,&]Y&evaluatestothepreviousresult(&2inthiscase.)(^1,^3.2,"Cedar")&4_&3?Whattypeoflistdidtheinterpreterproduce?isoftypeLORA:TYPE=LISTOFREFANY&5_&3.first^?isoftypeINT&6_&3.rest.first^?isoftypeREAL&7_ListYdefaultglobalcontextchangedto:ListImpl{globalFrame:ListImpl}&8_Appendd[Reverse[&3],&3]]YNotethatReverseisnowinterpretedasList.Reverse.Appendd->Append?YesSpellingcorrection.("Cedar",^3.2,^1,^1,^3.2,"Cedar")FormoredetailedinformationaboutexactlywhatsubsetofCedarlanguageexpressionstheinterpretercanhandleseesection2.3.ActionWorkAreasCEDAR4.2w gx!?g"(g *w,gx-gsHDg _/w_/!9'! .0C6m89D>s ]Aw]A!f&)+.I4=s [S w[S!f&)+.I4=7;=As YdwYdD =#&s WvwWv(!&ps'Wv(Wv-02] UwU$".$)s SwS/!#%*[.//469p<=@s QwQQ %s*4,27:=?:AEEPs NwNx"8#&P,cs L(wL(< Q" (I I\ &c) /69f<5>)CnE H:I"!#'),35S69>B$E F]A{ C w ? e&j(+-1i7s:?;?=w??@?CEG/ > P& T&|(*,024 ;a=%?,ElG/ M DG :`B!|'H)+s.;:/-:w0:1:58;= DFi 9! o s o9!w!9!#&,. 58W;h="? F 7z  N 40t s$)/,X.W 5Wt:Y;8Y=5uDYEY X   !$Y&)- 58: ArG/ Vd ^;t"VdVd "&v'),0369/:? uFLVdG/Vd T nA!"$)*,f.c/2B5:7;?CF2 S ( L'%(^*M/258 ;p@DCxFSGSu Qnx Qn QnINTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR9Actionsoccurwhenaprogramraisesasignalorerrorthatisnotcaughtorencountersabreakpoint.Wheneveranactionoccurs,thecorrespondingprocessisstoppedsothatitcanbeexamined,andcontroltransferstoadifferentWorkAreacalledanActionWorkArea,orActionAreaforshort.AnActionAreaisanInterpreterWorkAreawhosedefaultcontextisthecontextoftheaction.Theusercanthenwalkthestackandevaluateexpressions.TheusercanalsochoosetoignoretheactionforthetimebeingandtypesomeothercommandinadifferentWorkArea.Iftheuserdoesnotwishtopursuethecauseoftheactionatall,thesimplestwaytomakeit"goaway"istoclickAbort.ForcompletediscussionofActionAreasandActionAreaCommands,see[G14].UsingtheHistoryfacilityEachWorkAreahasassociatedwithitahistoryofalloftheeventsthathavetakenplaceinthatWorkArea.TheusercanexaminethishistoryviatheHistoryregisteredcommand,reexecuteaparticulareventoreventsusingtheRedocommand,orsubstitutenewparameters(textstrings)intoaparticulareventoreventsandthenreexecutethemviatheUsecommand.ConfirmationOccasionallytheUserExecwillattempttocorrectanerror:e.g.amisspelledfilename,aninvalidselector,syntaxerror,etc.Inthissituation,twonewmenubuttons,YesandNo,willbepostedinthemenuforthecorrespondingWorkArea.Dependingonthesettingsintheuser'sprofile(seeUserProfile.doc),someerrorswillbecorrectedautomatically,butinothercases,confirmationwillberequested.When/iftheuserisaskedtoconfirm(dependingonthesettingsintheuser'sprofile,someerrorsmaybecorrectedautomatically),theusercanconfirmusingthesebuttons,orbytypingYorN.Iftheuserhastypedaheadbeforetheneedforconfirmationwasdetected,thetypeaheadwillberetained,andtheusermustconfirmusingtheYesandNobuttons.1.3FilesAllofthematerialyouareworkingon,includingprograms,isstoredinfiles.Eachdifferentdocumentyouhandlewillbestoredonitsownfile.Thefilesystemissomewhatcomplicatedbythefactthatitspansanetworkanddevelopedinanevolutionaryfashion.1.3.1LocalandRemoteFilesEdTaftAfileonyourlocaldiskisidentifiedbyitsname,whichisastringofletters(upperandlowercasecanbeusedinterchangeably),digits,andanyofthepunctuationcharacters+-.$.Byconvention,asimplefilenamehastwoparts,whicharecalledthemainnameandtheextension;theyareseparatedbyaperiod.Forexample,"Introduction.tioga"isafilename,withmainname"Introduction"andextension"tioga".Filenamescannotincludeblanks,oranypunctuationcharactersexcepttheonesjustmentioned.Itisimportanttonameyourfilesinsomesystematicway,usingthemainnametoidentifyit,andtheextensiontotellwhatkindoffileitis.Unlessthereisagoodreasontodootherwise,itisbesttouseoneofthestandardextensionsgivenbelow.Hereisalistofextensionscommonlyencountered:.bcdCedarobjectprogram.configsystemconfiguration,inputtobinder.cmcommandfilefortheUserExecorotherprograms.docTiogadocument(oldconvention).dflistofdatedfilesforuseinmovingfilesbetweenmachines.mesaCedarorMesasourcecodeCEDAR4.2w gx!?g"(g *w,gx-gsHDgw _/['#c$(e* -0M148:? A&BG ]w\hL &7*,^1~3657B9;B1D [@u&"$)m02W 9;?B< Z9 g g g-k$")*,136 :=q@yCFI X Hl ]"1%''*x.047C;X=?CF V ~m4")+R-036.9V:?{AEG/ UC2Y!#%)+1,s0UC1UCw3UCxw4WUC5?UC6< C_E S  v!{ PM &w L:  #S$&*,.0_27+:=rALDF KV.!3%'s*BKV+?KVw/6KV/KV5v<%B:CY I sIIwII$& ,/ 7:L?2BCY H eU|#$%as'H(Hw*H+TH{ D w Aj ,h &%F'+-14J5 BD ?W'  $'*.u369h<5>@EoG/ > O ="C)W+T-2416:Tx>>?>@wH> BG/ 7~ Av 6 "X(+-j358; >jCG/s 5w 5 5s55w55z 2 )w /8w!$'*0c15{7=/87/8w9/8:L/8=C" - TSo^!w$M';).J/6L >@BEUH9 + -}+! ) { ( 2~!-("w %K6i #%'h+|/0257;@'BF #  !#&(+ 2 9k;<>@ He !H^l#!'#q'_{)!*!-w0!1X!3a{5!6R!w;8!<-!?3A}G U A$%&)S-Z0d37 @Cp h9#%($ / 6:X<?B] 3- !#z' -046:>K@E!F  [H$d-!# $)j-./3;79c;y B CqDG  a % c# i! P$ {{   %)+/ ![#%)I,.i2 p"%   S#@%~').16  l"&e&tx'r(++" TVm$iHZ Y h1 V# T9 #)',^INTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR10.modelsystemmodel.pressPress-formatfile,suitableforprinting.tiogaTiogadocumentThesystemdoesn'tcarewhetheryoucapitalizelettersinfilenamesornot(i.e.,ALPHA,alpha,andaLpHarefertothesamefile),butitisagoodideatousecapitalizationtomakenamesmorereadable.Thisisespeciallyusefulwhenanameconsistsofmorethanoneword,sinceblanksarenotallowedinfilenames:e.g.,TripReportorMasterList.AfilenamewiththeformX$istakentobeanolder,backupversionofX.Manysubsystemswillsavethepreviousversionundersuchaname.Fileserversarelargerepositoriesforfiles.Afileserver'sdisktypicallyhashundredsoftimesthecapacityofyourlocaldisk.Besidesprovidingback-upforyourlocaldisk,theyaretheonlyreasonableplacestoputfilesyouwishotherstoseeorwanttoaccessyourselffromdifferentmachines.Theonlyreasonablewaytodobusinessistokeepyourpersonalfilesbackeduponaremoteserver.Youshouldnotresteasilyunlessthelatestversionsofallyourimportantfilesareonaremoteserversomewhere.Ingeneral,thenameoffileinnetworkhastheform[Server]subDirectories>name.extension!versionThisformissometimescalledthefullpathname.Theserveristhenameofthemachine.Indigo,Ivy,andMAXCarethelocalservers;thefirsttwoareinstancesofIFStheinterimfilesystem.Thedirectoryisthenameofaprojectorperson.Eachuserwhohasanaccountonafileserverhashisowndirectory,namedbyhisusername.Fileswithinadirectorymaybeorganizedintosub-directories(exceptonMAXC).Forexample,thefilenamedMemos>ActivityReport.bravo!3belongsindirectoryJones,sub-directoryMemos.Youcanhaveasmanysub-directoriesasyouwishwithinyourowndirectory.Youcanevenhavesub-directorieswithinsub-directories,toasmanylevelsasyouwish,subjecttoanoveralllimitof99charactersineachfilename.Subdirectoriesareentirelyanamingconventionbasedupontheuseofthecharacter>;therearenospecialoperationsfordealingwithsubdirectories.Thenameandextensionservethesamepurposesasonthelocalmachine.Whenyouputafileontoafileserver,ifthereisalreadyafilewiththesamename,thenewfileisadded,withaversionnumberonebiggerthantheoldone.Whenyoureferenceafilewithoutspecifyingaversionyougettheonewiththelargestversionnumber.Asyoucansee,itisalmostnevernecessaryforyoutospecifyaversionnumberexplicitly.(OnMAXC,thecharacter;isusedinsteadof!toprefixaversionnumber.)Eachfileinthesystemcarriesacreatetime:thetimewhenthecontentofthefilewascreated.Thisattributeservesasaserver-independentversionstamp.Youcannameagroupoffilesbyusingfilenamepatternscontainingthemagiccharacter*whichstandsforanystringofcharacters.Forexample,thepattern*.memostandsforallthefileswhichhavetheextension"memo",andthepattern*.BWL*standsforallthefileswhichhave"BWL"asthefirstthreecharactersoftheextension.1.3.2DFFilesEricSchmidtAssoonasyoufindyourselfdealingwithmultiplefiles,youshoulddeviseDFfilestohelpyoubackupandretrievethem.ADFfileisahuman-readablefilethatdescribesalistoffileswiththeircreatedates.ThesimplestwaytocreateaDFfileistolistallthefilesofinterestinafileandapplythecommandSModeltoit.Forexample,tocreatetheDFfiledescribingallthefilesmentionedinapreviousversionofthismemowecreatedthefileinit.dfwiththefollowingcontent:Directory[indigo]init>Init.dfAltoSupport.cmCEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~gw _/_/  ]A]A #J(a* [S[Sp X~ # )-/<157:= BF W0M "#K&)+x- 6V8 ;@C U  !&(,#/U2 59x=@>BG S I  #%^'+o.}04+6]7;p=>@D R:mQH Z # %i*/368{ OwOOs !_#'(+:0<3C8;nACmG/ NE O&/+-14g7:=1?B LpZTU!@#%q(*.37q=#CFu J JS3#9&w+.3578=BE I" aO"/#%)/u2b467<@ F}$'d) D+8 AT{"A"A$'w*A+A.24`6:D @ x@@w@@~q!$(''),t2m4Mx4@5@w6)@7@:? AF >a(F' %Y(+.1;3+8B:G;p=ADYF <  v"' (>.029 {;<r@/AE 2 ed^">$% ,h. 1[37 @C[He 1& " A"$'-.247 ; BfD /~ !SF&)),E/579< ?Ew - 2:"l#(),/+149;Z>?@BFt ,0 #0/a!$D'T+y.=4G5~7= CD * Dc"(*,/N13K49<BE,G ( H#3x$(%\(w&('(*^s0Z(w1U(26$:s<(w=(?tCD ':MU "s{#':$0':'w* ':+':-Y0w4$6|;_=?hADn % Q{%l*4 #VNW "%(0{+#,#w1%#1#7:L>UDEE !p!d  r"#'*`/%4l8:<?@B4FH  ZN"(,A.025:=hBDIF ! u  {  2~mw DW$J'-03Z7{wAB>CF  LxHa["(#$ /514:;>;@ CFH 4 k"i#&(y)+-/2 46;=,>Q@CiG/ 2Dk "F&.(s*-2 357:A]BD mGn8 #'*3,2x j   w&tx'r(++" TVm$.O u.O.O$WH "#% ,.2 ;}>@F, "'):./ 8}>AD+Z" #)/`2x8T+9+u;Q+AD )Y.x 'lu'lY'lv!,"%f'r*,E/2c4-92:w>}ABD=E%  { !&1( /2p4s58:E>@EHZ$B%+?.x40$5$u7,$8*$9INTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR11Cedar.cmD0.cmD0Release2.5.1.cmDorado.cmDoradoRelease2.5.1.cmRunPilot.bcdDirectory[indigo]documentation>GettingStartedInCedar.memoGettingStartedInCedar.pressWethentypedSModelinittotheUserExec.Thistransferedallthefilestotheremotedirectories,includinganupdatedversionofinit.dfthatcontainedtheversionnumbersandcreatetimesofthefiles:Directory[indigo]init>Init.dfAltoSupport.cm!122-Mar-829:47:24PSTCedar.cm!118-Mar-8214:57:23PSTD0.cm!222-Mar-8210:38:37PSTD0Release2.5.1.cm!322-Mar-8210:55:02PSTDorado.cm!322-Mar-8212:33:35PSTDoradoRelease2.5.1.cm!122-Mar-8210:11:30PSTRunPilot.bcd!12-Feb-8223:37:34PSTDirectory[indigo]documentation>GettingStartedInCedar.memo!122-Mar-8214:02:23PSTGettingStartedInCedar.press!122-Mar-8214:03:11PSTOnceyouhaveaDFfile,youcanusetheBringOverandSModelprogramstomanagethemovementofyoursystem.BringOver/ainitmakessurethelocaldiskcontainstheproperversionsofthefilesininit.dfbyretrievingnewversionsautomatically(/a)ifneeded.YoushouldusefullpathnamestospecifyaDFfileifyouwanttheremoteversiontocontrolthings;e.g.BringOver/a[Indigo]init>initAftermakingchangestofiles,youcanuseSModeltowriteoutthenewversions;itcomparesthecreatetimesonthelocalfileswiththoseintheDFfileandtransfersfileswhentheydiffer.YoucannestDFfilesifyourpackagerequiresanotherpackage.Allofthisisasimplification;see[G3]formoreinformation.IfyouareprovidingacomponentofaCedarreleaseyoumustread[G4]tolearntheproperwaytouseDFfilesforaCedarrelease.YoucanlearnalotbylookingattheDFfileson[Indigo]Top>.1.3.3TheFileToolLarryStewartTheFileToolitsiconicformlookslikeafilecabinetisusedforlistingfilesonvariousmachinesandtransferringthem.Itstopmostsectionprovidesvariousfieldsforyoutotypeinthingsandafewmodebuttons;clickthefieldnameandthecursorwillmovetoitsentry.The*notationcanbeusedinthefirstthreefieldstodesignategroupsoffiles.Directorydesignatesaremoteserverandsubdirectories;e.g.,[Indigo]Top>.The*notationcanbeusedtodesignatemultipleplaces.CEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~gx _e ] \ Zo X W Ux S R)w O8^s M2w JN "%0(),0 7=?{D I 6%(f,h014*x F D CEHCE%) A HA$)# ?H?$)# >NH>N$)# < H<$)# :H:$)# 9W H9W#(s 7 6H6$)# 4aH4a$)#w 10r!"#{%,Z.49;@B 0> s -w +G"!B#'-.135p9o;R AmDC ) Rey{"%R'*/ 05Q6m8;H<?EBD 'bs %}w #XM@"U$'m,.`14k69?AG/ !Z y"$*&~(+Y.36h:=A*D-F  B$*,.13@4=@GCE  G% !U(*+047;*>kACG/ drM#(,,.236 8H=h?,ADoG { n 2~mn~w ~NC>#4%&)\ 0f359<>C w @:P$m*.2579<>BEF  ,e"b$(+/P0269:@0BDG ) K$a"$Xs :w : :#&M/2s@ BD! [L6 ?%&tx'r(++"TVm$Boesnotdisplaytheremainderofabbreviatedcommands;however,youcanforceittodosobyterminatingfieldsyoutypeinwithESCratherthanspace.Todeletealloldversionsoffiles(i.e.,allbutthehighest-numberedversionofeachfile),onIFStype@Delete*,@@Keep(#ofversions)1@@Confirm(alldeletesautomatically)@@11x b!ub!b!T%0&x(b!)b!u,b!-jb!0X167:=G x `! u{`!B`! <$&})x ^! uINTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR12Filename(s)isasequenceoffilestobetransferredorlisted;subdirectoriesmaybeincluded;e.g.,Docs>Intro.press.RemotefilenamesarederivedbyconcatenatingDirectorywiththesenames.The*notationcanbeusedtodesignatemultiplefiles.Entering@XwillcausethecontentsoffileXtobeused.Localreferstolocalfilenames.Itcanbeusedifyouwishtorenameasinglefileasitisbeingtransferred.Onaretrieveitnamesthedestinationfile;onastoreitnamesthesource.The*notationcanbeusedtodesignatemultiplefiles.Entering@XwillcausethecontentsoffileXtobeused.DFFileisthenameofaDFfilethatfetchmaybedonethrough.SeeDFGet.ConnectNameandPasswordareneededforaccesstocertaindirectories.Youmayomitthepasswordwhenconnectingtoadirectorybelongingtoaprojectofwhichyouareamember.Updateisabuttonthatsetsthemodeofoperationsothatafilewillbemovedonlyifaversionofitalreadyexistsatthedestinationandhasanearliercreatedatethanthefiletobemoved.Update>adoesthesamethingexceptthefilewillbemovedevenifitdoesn'texistatthedestination;mostpeoplepreferit.ExportsOnlyappliestofetchesdonethroughDFfiles.VerifysetsthemodesothatyoumustconfirmeachtransferbyclickingbuttonsthatwillbepresentedtoyouinthemiddlesectionThesecondsectionholdsasetofbuttonsthatrepresentcommands.RetrievefetchestheremotefilesgivenbythecombinationofDirectoryandFilename(s).Ifnolocalnameisgiventheshortformoftheremoteoneisused.Storemovesfilestoaremotemachine.IfnoLocalentryispresentitusestheFilename(s).Local-Listdisplaysinformationaboutthelocalfiles.Remote-Listdisplaysinformation(version,size,creationtime)abouttheremotefile.List-OptionsbringsupasetofbuttonsthatchangethethingsprintedoutbytheListcommands.Applycausesthenewsettingstotakeeffect;Abortresetstotheoldsettings.CloseshutsdowntheremoteconnectionDFGetretrievesthefileslistedinFilename(s)usingaDFfiletodiscovertheirfullpathnames.DirectoryisprependedtoDFFiletodefinethefullpathnameoftheDFfileitself.DFGetBothisthesameasDFGetbutfetchesthe.mesaand.bcdforeachnamelistedinFilename(s).Local-Deletedeletesthelocalfiles;itmustbearmed.Warning:Unlikecertainsystems,onceyouhavedeletedafile,youcannotgetitback.Proceedwithcaution.Remote-Deletedeletestheremotefile;itmustbearmed.Thethirdsectionisanoutputtypescript.TheStopbuttoninthetop-mostmenucanbeusedtoaborttransfersandlistsinanorderlyway.1.3.4ChatandFileSpaceManagementLarryStewart,EdTaftSoonerorlatteryouwillrunoutofdiskspaceonyourIFSorMAXCdirectory.FilespacemanagementactivitiesnotsupportedbytheFileToolorDFfilescanbecarriedoutbyconnectingtoafileserverwithChat.Chatusesaviewertosimulateateletypecomputerterminal,andtherebyenablesyoutotalkdirectlytoexecutiveprogramsrunninginvariousservermachines.ToinitiateaconversationwiththeexecutiveinaservertypeChatserver-ltotheUserExec.Ifallgoeswell,youwillseeamessagefromtheserver'sexecutiveand@attheleftmarginpromptingyoufortype-in.IfChathastroublegettingconnected,itwilltellyouitsproblemaftertryingforafewseconds.Thisusuallymeansthattheserverisbroken;youmighttryagaininafewminutes.ToredirectanexistingChatviewertoasevertypetheservernameintoawindow,selectthename,andclickLogin.IfyouclickConnectratherthanLogin,youcanloginbyhand:typeCEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~g _/ w_/_/$WH "#% ,.2 ;}>@F] "'):./ 8}>AD[Z" #)/`2s8T[9[w;Q[AD Z9.s XKwXKYXKv!,"%f'r*,E/2c4-92:w>}ABD=EV  { !&1( /2p4s58:E>@EHZTB%+?.s40T5Tw7,T8*T9=?EiG%SU] s QgwQg0Qg9X;!/#'q*u,e/5hs7Qg8Qgw<Qgs OywAOyOys.OyOyw!'Oy!Oy#(+"/e1I6 =A@CG/M~ !l#$?*0m23@79=@QBCs KwK-K3Z3 $c&,@.014[78=u@ACGJ=&G %(d*,1 58;;=@ACs HOw(HOHO<Z#%(*,045]6;:>N?B F,s D wDD^#n(+1s BwBBBB= /#z(+02i7b<;>A{CNA$~5C >i!i&_)-/+s <w<<^!%'*. 2?s4<5<w:<;@<s=t<>E< wD<E<G;AU"&:'*S.13s 9&w9&9&T%0&s(9&)9&w,9&-j9&0X167:=G s 78 w{78B78 <$&})s 5J w5J5J !'A*D/3%79g>s 3\ w3\3\;[ %(a-/38; =?BRs1w11,z#d%( s,P1-C1w0]1014(585:s /w/T/Y$+ s -wd-- Ns"-"- w**-*--/514`6*;? ADs,2w/,2,2vs!$,2"",2#ww&D,2&,2',,.14<79<>A s *Dw,*D*Dvs*D*Dw!*D!*D#x'*2-0|3`5|8<*?sA@*DB*D wH*Ds (V wX(V(Vf#1$( * {.(V0(Vw4(V6(V9>CF&$ &R'+G03s $ w$|$G"M%0&)+ "F!\f &s)"F*"Fw-6"F-"F136;?BDG  A2 { P 25 ~(P+0?1w =Ok 1!$($*- x-.]w/J00x2A3w55;=AN Z 1D 1#%e(+-/4`68 @ACE   &1#$)058=B{E.F  !#(Y,e h !')*.s125[9w;!;<?&BrF"G  f+D{"U$)/s2w46W8;G@F A U9cX# *+.v135;?C/EF ThS v$}%+ -137q9:><BbD  !y:!$(+./5%8;-?9AsE E wH K n%sa K^ KwQ K K_"%(!+-1&tx'r(++" TVm$INTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR13@Login(user)name(password)passwordWhatevertheserverexecutiveisdoing,youcanforceittostopbytypingCTRL-C.OnMAXC,youmayhavetotypeCTRL-Cseveraltimesinquicksuccessiontogetittostop.WhenyouarefinishedtalkingtotheserverExecutive,type@Logout(orQuitiftheserverisanIFS).ThenclickDisconnect.IfthefileserverisanIFS,youwillbeloggedoutautomaticallyifyoudon'ttypeanythingforthreeminutes.ThisisbecauseIFScanserviceonlyasmallnumberofusers(currentlynine)atonce;theautomaticlogoutisintendedtopreventIFSfrombeingtiedupbyuserswhoaren'tdoinganythinguseful.SimplyclosingachatviewerdoesnotshutdowntheconnectionunlessyourightclicktheClosebutton.YoutypecommandstoIFSandtoMAXCinmore-or-lessthesameway(exceptforthosecommandsthathavedifferentnamesonthetwosystems);however,theresponsesfromIFSandMAXCareusuallysomewhatdifferent.Youmaytype?atanypointtoobtainabriefexplanationofwhatyouareexpectedtotypeinnext.MAXCnormallydoesnotdisplaytheremainderofabbreviatedcommands;however,youcanforceittodosobyterminatingfieldsyoutypeinwithESCratherthanspace.Todeletealloldversionsoffiles(i.e.,allbutthehighest-numberedversionofeachfile),onIFStype@Delete*,@@Keep(#ofversions)1@@Confirm(alldeletesautomatically)@@onMAXCtype@DelverDeleteoldest?YesDelete2ndnewest?YesFile(s):Itisagoodideatodothisfairlyfrequently,sinceoldversionsoffilescanpileupandwastealotofspace.Tofindouthowmuchspaceyouareusingonthefileserver,type@DskStatOneIFSorMAXCpageisequivalenttoaboutfourD-machinepages.Youwillnoticethatyoualsohaveadisklimitwhichisthemaximumnumberofpagesyouarepermittedtouseonthefileserveratonetime.Ifyouexceedyourdisklimit,theserverwon'tletyoustoreanymorefilesuntilyoufirstdeletesomeexistingonestogetyoubelowyourdisklimit.Togetyourlimitchanged,consultyourlocalsupportstaff.Youcandirectyourattentiontosomeotherdirectorybytyping@Connect(todirectory)OtherDir(password)passwordYoumayomitthepasswordwhenconnectingbacktoyourowndirectory,orwhenconnectingtoadirectorybelongingtoaprojectofwhichyouareamember.MAXCprovidesfacilitiesforarchivingfilesontomagnetictape,wherethecostofstoringthemisnegligible.Youcangetanarchivedfilebackwithinoneday.Toarchiveoneorseveralfiles,type@ArchiveFilefile1file2...(Notethatthecommandnameconsistsofthetwowords"ArchiveFile";afterthatyoushouldtypethenamesofthefilesyouwanttoarchive.)Thefileswillbearchivedontotapewithinadayortwo.CEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~g _&:^:_& ^ _&^_&^X_&^_&]_&^_&r^r_&8^*8_&b^b_&_& "L^"L_&#^#_&#^#_&$^$_&%E^ %E_&&M^&M_&'^'_&'^'_&w \k!%b((*.N/1q4z6r:\;\w?\@\B$xCz\DM\wE\F\ [ 6r[[wx[[ !#`', -/s134 X}!R#' .as V :U:V  U V UV UV UV RUnRV w Ss SSwXSSV xSYSwS qS!l%*s(S)Sw/S0S2[47a;=?&x?S@dSwASASDG Qs !z$*h,0]693:?x@sQA,QwBGQBQD PC K1 "&(/+.j49 :@dB G.xGPCHkPCw N mS/\r (#$',1t6A:<<?PCG L  ; $C's)L*Lw.L.L Jy6xJysJywtJyJy !!x#Jy#Jyw%Jy&QJy' /^15%7<>By H x!*'#-/l59 x9H:GHw;UH;H>x?iH@=HwBKHBHD G+O CIDsKG+w lG+!$(*). /,2t 9;>AC E 3xEEwE|Ey #')025 9@F C wK #&)+Hr.cC/Cw1 C1C58= Aa'!%'+),E7<>gAE G.xGAaHkAaw ?s =>:<:=>8<8=><X=>V<V=><n=><=>Q<<=><c=> ;;.;;'?;.?; 9999` 8H7w 5x 55w5T5s 3R:2:3R8283R2X3RV2V3R23R23R 1HR1AR1D1 0H6/00 .\--w +-LM!` (d+.P35d8Y:=?BFLG} *9 =A!$&*,.1P5s ':'T:'8'T8''T''T''Tn''T''Tn'w %Cx7%C%Cw%C%Cx%C%Cw%C%C9 #V%(+3 7/:?<ACF # 4{`##Ewz#x#Y"( )-0J28:=?A}CG ! c ~"$a(\,.036:<@BE M gYq9"%)K+Z-039>2AUD  *H)e, $m( -/s :E:8E8 E E+i E)En)EiEi /E / E !EX!" E" # *E*+E+,IE,I,E,-E -.E./E/0E0w 4WT" (,=-1%4( :Q<? FHe L#Z&(e) xw !{{+w$w$'*04A8u:=?D]H j (qa"Z%),/16z9%:?zBs ::--xxIXIRRnXnXiniX/X/NNnX^X^}}w ta$&~(+/5\9X<?WB F  `;%(+.\0a69KMesaNetExec13u b!wW_ "#')+/ 9;;@BCG `y[ t`y 7`yu `yt!`y"m`yu#A`yt$`y$`yu&J`yt'`y'`yu+`yt,o`y-:`yu0`yINTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR14Afterthishasbeendone,theywillbedeletedfromthediskautomatically,andyouwillgetamessagenotifyingyouthatthearchivinghasbeendone.MAXCkeepstrackofyourarchivedfilesinanarchivedirectorywhichyoucanlistexactlylikeyourregularMAXCdirectory,usingtheInterrogatecommandratherthantheDirectorycommand;forexample,@Interrogate*.bravoIfthelistingisofjustonefile,MAXCwillaskyouwhetherornotyouwantitretrievedfromthetape.IfyousayYes,thefilewillappearonyourMAXCdirectorywithinaday,andyouwillgetamessagetothateffect.BecauseMAXC'sdiskcapacityisfairlysmallrelativetothenumberofuserswhohaveMAXCaccounts,thediskoccasionallybecomesfullanditbecomesnecessaryforaforcedarchivetobeperformedinordertomakesomespaceavailable.Inaforcedarchive,allfilesthathaven'tbeenreferenced(retrieved,printed,orwhatever)inthepast90daysarewrittenontotapeanddeleted.Youwillbenotifiedwhenanyofyourfilesarearchivedforthisreason,andtheprocedureforgettingthembackisthesameasgivenabove.1.4UserProfileWarrenTeitelmanAnumberofcomponentsofCedarpermittheusertotailorCedar'sbehavioralongcertainpredefineddimensionsviaamechanismcalledtheuserprofile.Wheneveryoubootorrollback,youruserprofileisconsultedtoobtainthevaluefortheseparameters.Thisoperationisperformedbyconsultingafilewhosenameis.profile,e.g.,MBrown.Profile,orifnosuchfileexists,User.Profile.TheentriesinthisprofileareoftheformKey:Valuewhere,foranygivenkey,thevalueisexpectedtobeeitherTRUE/FALSE,anumber,oratoken(asequenceofcharactersdelimitedbySP,CR,TAB,COMMA,COLON,orSEMICOLON,oranarbitrarysequenceofcharctersdelimitedbyquotes),orasequenceoftokens.Commentscanappearatanypointintheprofile,andareignored.MoreinformationmaybefoundbyexaminingUserProfile.doc,whichlistsallthecurrentlyavailableoptions.1.5WalnutRickCattellTheprogramforreadingandsendingelectronicmailinCedariscalledWalnut.Itusesthedatabasemanagementsystemasarepositoryforthemessages.ThedocumentationforWalnutcanbefoundinthefile[Indigo]HowToUseWalnut.press;acopyofthisdocumentationappearsasalaterchapterofthismanual.1.6MaintainAndrewBirrellVariousadministrativetasksassociatedwithmail,authenticationandotherusesofGrapevinecanbeperformedwiththeMaintaincommand.BringoverandRunAndCallMaintain.Itsinterfaceislayeredaccordingtothecomplexityoftheoperationsvariouspeopleneedtoperform.Manyuserswillneedonlythelevelcalled"normal".Thisallowsyoutoinspectdistributionlists,addorremoveyourselffromlists,andchangeyourpassword.WhenusingMaintain,youmustalwaysspecifynamesinfull.Thus,youmustsay"CSL^.pa",not"CSL^",and"Birrell.pa",not"Birrell".Tolookatadistributionlist(a"group"inGrapevineterminology),fillinthetextfieldlabelled"Group"andclickthe"Members"buttoninthefirstlinelabelled"Type".The"Summary"buttoninthatlinewillshowyoutheaccesscontrolsassociatedwiththatgroup(whichcontrolwhomayaddorCEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~gw _/ E0$!&*.,/ 8l;0=@CD7 ]M #| [ x[ [ w[ [ $"%'<{)+[ )[ -w3m[ 4k[ 7y:/<>CF9 Ye~xYeYewYe]Ye(g %X+/24:ACs V:Vc:VVVoVnoVVVVV(V(VVV~V~VOVOVVnVVVJVVVVcVVVVVNVNVVVVVw To>L} Mx!To"vTow$To%To'D),13638zAEBxFNGlNw L  e!$V&(0-35{6L7KL:w?`L?L@B KV {4> !1"#(-.14_9@E H n&!&)b+2m49d=@\ADPG F` z C )z}SCRw ?" C!&(\+3,0;5:>9B > ]{">">$w(>)>0&267={@CH# C +z ' )}'Kw $xs# ),.v2|37=[>AC " V "Z$+.} 7::?1ACG !* h(+f,014 >1CYE#Fi 1z 3 )}m3cw  Z $(+ 47;?>R@&G = mn$*-m 5m;=CjD E  t &+0(35d;?CnF2  IiF Q$p'(-S 47:e<@F( G "&,/37<2@B;E   i <!$ ,M. %-/  &[()/ 79;><ADc }2$/%(H+&-38;CiG  _Ad$ +4.e1J5b:>ADG&tx'r(++" TVm$ Z(ZM(ZZMZZMZZZMjztZ R$6)*0>3ku X;x"$%)I+'125~79<,@^Dc V .!>%'H),-05 T 08INTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR15removemembers).Toaddyourselftoagroup,fillinthe"Group"fieldandclick"Self"inthelinelabelled"Add".Similarly,youcanremoveyourselfwiththelinelabelled"Remove".Notallgroupsallowyoutoaddorremoveyourself.Ifyou'renotallowedtochangethegroup,youshouldsendamessagetotheownerofthegroupaskingforthechange.Forexample,youwouldsendamessageto"Owner-CSL^.pa"toaskabout"CSL^.pa".Forthesakeofsecurity,itisagoodideatochangeyourpasswordoccasionally(say,onceayear).Todothis,makesureyournameisinthetextfieldlabelled"Individual",fillinyournewpasswordinthelinebelow,labelled"Argument",thenclick"Password"inthelinelabelled"Set".Passwordsshouldbeatleastsixcharactersandunpronouncable.IfyouhaveanaccountonMAXCyouwillneedtochangethepasswordthereviaChat,type@ChangePassword(ofdirectory)name(oldpassword)xxx(newpassword)yyy1.7SettingupyourdiskEricSchmidt,EdTaft1.7.1GettingtoOthelloOthelloisageneralPilotutilityforsettingupdisks.TherearevarietyofpathstoOthello.OnanarbitrarymachineinanarbitrarystateholddownBS,RETURN,and'whilebooting(onaDorado,pushthebootbuttonthreetimesinquicksuccession).ThisplacesyouintheNetworkExecutive.Thetype-inconventionsaresimple:?liststhepossiblecommands,BSbackspaces,DELcancelsthecurrentline.TostartupaprogramfromtheNetExec,simplytypethenameofthatprogramfollowedbyRETURNorESC.Infact,youneedonlytypeenoughofthenametodistinguishitfromalltheothers;weshallunderlineonlythatportionyourneedtotypebeforetheRETURN.YouarecurrentlyonyourwaytoOthello;type>MesaNetExecplacingyouintheMesaNetworkExecutivewhichhassimilartypingconventions.Fromtheretype>OthelloDorado.pbor>OthelloD0.pb(ForhistoricalreasonsDolphinsaresometimescalledD0's.)dependinguponwhetheryouareusingaDoradoorDolphin.IfyouareintheCedarworldalready,youcansimplybootOthellowiththeBootbuttonatthetopofthescreen.WhenOthellostarts,itwillaskyoutologin.YoumustsupplyyourGrapevineregisterednameandcorrectpasswordbeforeOthellowillpermityoutodoanythingelse.NowthatyouareinOthelloyoucanusethestandardcommandfilesdescribedbelowforinitializingdisksandgettingreleases.Ifyouwanttodonon-standardthingswithOthelloseesection4.8of[G5].HereareafewfinepointsaboutstartingOthello:Whenstartingwithanewdiskwhichyouplantoeraseandformat,youshouldsay>Switches:ntotheMesaNetworkExecutivebeforestartingOthello.ThispreventsOthellofromattemptingtoputtheexistingfilesystemon-linewhenitstartsup.Italsopermitsyoutologinasyourselfevenifsomeoneelse'scredentialsareinstalledonthedisk;however,allOthellowillallowyoutodoistoerasethediskyoucannotexaminetheexistingcontentsofsomeoneelse'sdiskbythismeans.OnaDolphin,ifyoueverwanttobootyourCedarsystemfromOthelloratherthanthebootbutton,youmustcallfortheCedarmicrocodebytypingCEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~gw _'l "#(_*,i.48%:>MBD^F ]+  W%S*-0H38Q@!CE [ Q& "c$(X*0169)=@tE He Z1Npl$0&w(.z1/7 9>AKBG Xlf Vb| ##&(Y- 0N6U =A8DE Tg   B!$V'*E/t 79;>AG R @Ef #& .I/2@4: >E Q  Rfp q&b'*w-/46x7Q8Qw:Q;YQ=N?C3D Oq KI LLsL L LLLLLuLuLGLGL LLLyLT #>L#>L$L$L$L*$L%L%L'JL*C1iL1iL2$L2$L2L2L4L7>L>L?L?L@CL@CLz I )}mI b"{ FV 2w C0kO #')-}138:V>?E/G A`$}!$r(A`)A`w*:A`r+A`+A`w/A`0A`s3TA`w4BA`7=?@F1 ? Grd  y '*/13a5;k B D > s>w1>|$r,%>,>w.>.> r5>6O>w8*>8><?fDEGh 3kw (c%!$%*,s2436M8:/<@Dc & .!>$)*,/n1'3 $m}d"h$ &N(F+G.363< C&F "~| k$')A+G0 JY5 #2%'-h36<@B  ^ B!#M%T -149<,@CD '!t? /!% #&)+^.16f9=s 0 ^ ^0E E0N0  0w qn %4*3/28^=h@ G   4#%:(+h,/479;=?vDH. f3  [!#&1)/n1[6M8<?O@BDfF  KI!$+)+S1479<, C !$'+0(3y8XSetVersionsforgermandmicrocodeGerm:D0.egMicrocode:CedarD0.ebtotheMesaNetworkExecutivebeforestartingOthello.1.7.2GettingaNewReleaseThenextsectiondescribeshowtostartwithabrandnew,unformatteddisk.ThissectionassumesyoualreadyhaveaCedarworldsetup,arehappywiththedistributionofspaceamongyourvolumes,butwouldliketoupgradeyoursystemtothelatestrelease.(Ifyouwanttochangethevolumestructurereadpp.40-41of[G5].)Ifyouhavejustsetupyourdisk,thereisnoneedtoperformtheseoperations.First,youshouldperformsomediskclean-up.Therearetwopossiblelevelsofclean-up:deletingalltheoldBCDsandsymbolsfilesorerasingthevolumes.Youshouldatleastdotheformerifthereisanychancethatthenewreleaseintroducesnewversionsofthings.NoendofconfusionwillresultifoldversionsofBCDfilesgetmixedinwiththenewthings.Erasingavolumetakeslongerandrequiresthatyouevacuateandrecoverpersonalfiles,butitpromotescompactfiles,cleandirectorystructures,andotherhealthfulthings.TheutilityDFDisk[G3]isusefulinfiguringoutwhatyouneedtosave.ToeraseyourCedarClientvolume,getintoOthelloandtype>EraseLogicalVolumeName:ClientAreyousure?[yorn]:yWhetherornotyouerase,youcangetlatestrelease'sbootfilesbytyping>@Commandfile:[Indigo]top>DoradoRelease.cmorCommandfile:[Indigo]top>D0Release.cmNewmicrocode,germ,andbootfileswillbefetched.OnaDolphinyouwillbeputbackintotheAltoworld;bootwhileholdingdownP.OnaDoradoyouwillbeputdirectlyintotheCedarworld.Gettinganewreleasetakesundertwominutes,soonlythemostimpatientpeoplewillwantshortcutsforupdatingasingleitemlikethemicrocode.Theyshouldreadthecommandfiletoseehowtodoit.1.7.3InitializingaDiskYoushouldonlydothissteponyourpersonaldiskormachine;don'tdothistoapublicmachine'sdisk!Thisinitialsetupshouldworknomatterwhetheryourdiskisblank,smashed,oralreadycontainsaworkingversionofCedar.Besidestakingtime,thisinitialsettingupdiscardstherecordofbadpageseachdiskhas,soyoudonotwanttoreformatyourdiskgratuitously.IfyouhaveafunctioningCedarworldandjustwanttogetanewreleaseorcleanupyourdisk,gobacktosubsection1.7.2.ToinitializeaDoradothathasanew,unformatteddisk,typetoOthello>@Commandfile:[Indigo]top>FormatNewPrivateDorado4.cmItisassumedthatyouhaveanAltoworldonpartition5ofyourdisk.ThiscommandfilewilltaketheotherfourpartitionsoftheDorado'sdisk(1,2,3,and4)andcreatefourPilotlogicalvolumes:theClientvolumeforCedar,theDebuggervolumeforCoCedar,theOthellovolumeforgeneralutility,andtheBootervolumeforcheckpoints.Whenthecedartreecursorappears,gobacktosection1.0.CEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~g _7 ^^ ^_7E^E_7 ^n _7z^z_7a^a_7'_7 ]]& [ c[~c[`[~`[&[~&[[~[[~[B[~B[@[~@[[~c[i[~i[/[~/[[~w Yl\e d$){ V 26Pw Rd\ q"0%P({)-1 9C M o-\ X"%''*a-1/2479?B K[a-+ #)-0^38v#DM I 5X!L%(W.1$571:SC@DH# H   ) $1',Y. 2p47w9'?iB EG% Fe2gN`"u$', 1 217:>AzF D yNI#N%'`-36:2@! F C N#&(I,Z.3/58;>@CF Ao '?b$'qs > ^> ^>E>E>>>>>@>@>> =L:<=L<X=L+<X+=L<=LI<I=L<n=L< ;oG=;;;w 9(_"N$"f$(C-035s 6 ^6C ^66C 54y54c5g4g58485 4X 5b4b534354y5~4~5/4/5,4,5454545 4 5 4n 5!-4!-5!4!5"4"5#4#5$~4$~5%O4%O5%4%5&4&5'k4'k5(=4(=5):4):5*4X*5*Y4*Y5+4+5+4+5,4,5-\4c-\5-4-5.4*.5w 2s 0/y0/c0g/g08/80 /X 0b/b03/30/y0~/~0///0,/,0/0/0/0 / 0 /n 0!-/!-0!/!0"/"0#/#0$~/$~0%D/%D0&A/&A0'/X'0'`/'`0(&/(&0(/(0)/)0*c/c*c0*/*0+/*+0w -  #&(-0J1}79r@DMG/ + kP[r!&+!+w"+#+$& ++-02~49<?,CD )oS!;#)C*-033u9=@yC ' )+6 &<).@1[3:<>3@CE9G@{ $x 2 )^ !(! #)Q,J.479<4=?:CT w lTw$ ""+&+/23u7=?VD+  yG} l$($*.3*5B:<AGCE 2 +'0!W' *S-O 5469<> Ew  0<#"$(z*-1 26D7 >  cf!$K ,//u243s  ^* ^ ycgg88 X bb33y~~//,,   n !-!-!!""##$R$R%#%#%*%&&'n'(())) )**++,>X,>,,-F-F. n. .z.z/A/A0>0>11112Z2Z3,3,334c45'5'5*57w p&#"&(./1~48;ACF  Q $H#4&((4)+Y./269<ACG/ ""1')E/e16;=BF z K #&=),06F86;}=+A&tx'r(++" TVm$ ugger,butthereisn'toneonyourlocaldisk.Seesection2.3.920:Thisisdisplayedwhilebootingorworld-swappinganddoesnotindicateafailure.922:AnEtherbootofOthelloorsomeotherprogramtimedout;tryagain.923:Somethingaboutyourgermorbootfileiswrong,trygettinganewreleaseofCedar(persection1.7.3)937:ThisproblemiscausedbyaninappropriateEthernettimeout.GetintoOthelloandINTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR17Ifforsomereason,youwanttorecreatestandardlogicalvolumesonadiskthathasalreadybeenformattedwithpartitions1,2,3,and4dedicatedtoCedar,usethecommandfile[Indigo]Top>MakeDoradoDisk4.cm.ThiscommandfileisidenticaltoFormatNewPrivateDorado4.cmexceptthatthephysicalvolumeisnotreformattedandyourlistofbaddiskpagesiskept.ForDolphinusers,somegroundrules:(1)YourDolphinshouldhave768Kwordsofrealmemory,indicatedby3072appearingonthemaintenancepanelwhileyouareintheAltoworld.ThehardwaremaintenancestaffwilladdmemorytoyourDolphinuponrequest.Makesureyouhavethelatestmemorycontrollerupgrade,too.(2)Youshoulddedicate3/4ofyourdiskspacetoCedar/Pilot.ThisassumesthatyouareusingyourAltopartitionforjustBravo,SIL,andothernostalgiaitems.Ifyoudon'tnowhaveasmallAltodiskpartition,hereishowtoconvert:FTPallpersonalfilesfromyourdisktosomesafeplace,likeafileserver;CopyDiskfrom[Indigo]Mesa6-14.bfstoBFS1;finally,FTPyourpersonalfilesback.ToinitializeaDolphinCedarworld,typetoOthello:>@Commandfile:[Indigo]top>FormatNewPrivateD0.cmAfteraboutfifteenminutes,youshouldhaveaninitializedDolphinwith3/4ofitsdiskspacededicatedtoCedar.Youwillhavethreevolumesonyourmachine:theClientvolumeforCedarprograms,theOthellovolumeforgeneralutility,andtheBootervolumeforcheckpoints.NotethatthereisnoDebuggeronyourdisk.UseBugBaneforcommonbugsandteledebuggingforcasesBugBanecan'thandle.ApersonwithaDoradowillbehappytohelpyouteledebug.AfterallthisyouwillfindyourselfbackintheAltoworld.BootthemachinewhileholdingdownP,andyoushouldbeintheCedarworld,lookingatthecedartree.Goandreadsection1.0.Ifforsomereason,youwanttorecreatestandardlogicalvolumesonadiskthathasalreadybeenformattedwith3/4ofthediskdedicatedtoCedar,usethecommandfile[Indigo]Top>MakeD0Disk.cm.ThiscommandfileisidenticaltoFormatNewPrivateD0.cmexceptthatthephysicalvolumeisnotreformattedandyourlistofbaddiskpagesiskept.IfyouwanttodevoteyourentireDoradodisktoCedar(andeliminatetheAltopartitionentirely)thenusethecommandfile[Indigo]top>FormatNewPrivateDorado5.cm.Thiswilldestroyeverythingalreadyonthedisk,sobesureyouhavesavedanythingthatyouwantpreserved.Ifyouwishtoconfigureyourdiskinotherthanthestandardway(e.g.,touseallofadiskforCedaronaDolphin),consultawizard.1.7.4OtherOthellocommandsIfyoufindthatyouuseOthelloalot,youmaywanttosetthingsupsothatthedefaultactionuponbootingthemachineistostartOthelloratherthantobootorrollbackyourCedarClientworld.ThisenablesyoutogettoOthellodirectlyratherthanviathelongexcursionthroughtheMesaNetExec.Theprocedureforsettingthingsupthiswayis:>SetPhysicalvolumebootfilesLogicalvolumename:OthelloSetphysicalvolumebootfilefromthislogicalvolume?YesSetphysicalvolumepilotmicrocodefromthislogicalvolume?YesSetphysicalvolumegermfromthislogicalvolume?YesAreyousure?YesCEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~gw _/>, &+0)578;>APF2 ]:M c!m#')039 EG/Q  ,"%#&),.0g3695 A0D5FP_/!'$*+.-1H4!7: =CO N_ Lq'U  $D'S+*, 489=@CpEJKJ!&k),X0 59;>MAE HeI" $%(*03E5Q:=ADGG{P | %]+/CEKEl!O$= CY c#b&r(!s @ ^@t ^@ ?6>y?6>c?6g>g?68>8?6 >X ?6b>b?63>3?6>y?6~>~?6/>/?6,>,?6>?6>?6>?6 > ?6 >n ?6!->!-?6!>!?6">"?6#>#?6$R>$R?6%#>%#?6%>*%?6&>&?6'>n'?6(>(?6)>)?6)> )?6*>*?6+>+?6,>>X,>?6,>,?6-F>-F?6. >n. ?6.z>.z?6/A>/A?60>>0>?61>c1?61g>1g?62.>*2.?63W>w <3!&* ,J 28;>@BE ;Ty!'-),,2 4G8I=?-C$ 9m n"d%>',^1j3 ;?^BNEG 7z"$*.D1( :+<@4F= 6W! 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INTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR18>SetDebuggerpointersfordebuggeelogicalvolume:Othellofordebuggerlogicalvolume:DebuggerAreyousure?YesFromOthello,youcanrollbackyourClientworldbysaying"RollBackClient";youcanbootyourClientworldbysaying"BootClient"followedbytwoCRs;andyoucangodirectlytothedebuggereitherbytypingCTRL-SWAT(theSWATkeyistheunmarkedonenexttotherightSHIFTkey)orbysaying"BootDebugger"andspecifyingswitchesof"w".1.8GeneralFailureModesYoumayhavethemisfortunetoencounterabugintheCedarsystemthatcausesittocrash.Therearevariouswaystorecoverfromcrashes.Ifyouseemtobestuckandthemaintenancepanellights(onaDoradotheyactuallyappearonthescreen)say:910:Thisisdisplayedwhilebootingorworld-swappinganddoesnotindicateafailure.912:Versionmismatchbetweenthegermandbootfile.Consultanexpert.915:Cedartriedtotransfercontroltoaworld-swapdebugger,butthereisn'toneonyourlocaldisk.Seesection2.3.920:Thisisdisplayedwhilebootingorworld-swappinganddoesnotindicateafailure.921:Anunrecoverablediskerroroccurredwhilebootingorworld-swapping.Tryagain;butiftheproblempersistsyoumayneedtorebuildyourfilesystem.922:AnEtherbootofOthelloorsomeotherprogramtimedout;tryagain.923:Somethingaboutyourgermorbootfileiswrong,trygettinganewreleaseofCedar(persection1.7.3)933:SomethingaboutyourmachinehaschangedsincetheCedarcheckpointand/orDebuggerimagewasinstalledonthedisk.Mostlikelyeitherthediskpackwasmovedtoanothermachineorthemachine'sEthernetaddresswaschanged.BoottheDebugger,boottheClient,andremakethecheckpoint.937:UnabletogetthetimefromtheEthernet,mostlikelyduetoEthernetortimeserverfailure,butpossiblyduetoahardwareprobleminyourmachine.Ifrepeatedfailuresoccur,consultawizard.957:ThisisasymptomofahardwareproblemonDolphins.Notifythehardwaremaintainers.960:Waitforawhile,possiblyeven20minutes.Yourdiskisbeinggarbage-collected.Bepatient;bootingmerelystartstheprocessoveragain.Anythinglessthan900typicallyindicatesamicrocodeorhardwareproblem.Maintenancepanelcodeslessthan900usuallyoccuronlyonDolphins.See[G6]foralistofDolphinmaintenancepanelcodes.OnaDorado,ahardwareormicrocode-detectederrorusuallyhaltsthemachine;theusualmanifestationisthatthescreenturnscompletelyblackorgraywithdiagonalstripes.Maintenancepanelcodesabove900butnotintheabovelistareusuallybutnotalwaysduetohardwareproblemsalso.Ifthemaintenancepanelsays990(or,onaDorado,nonumbersarevisible),butthereisnoresponsetokeyboardormouseinput,youneedtogetcontrolsomehow.Ingeneral,thereareseverallevelsoffall-backtotry.Startingfromtheleastdrastic:0.Gotoaworld-swapdebuggerbytypingCTRL-SWAT;theSWATkeyistheunmarkedonenexttotherightSHIFTkey.Youcanlookaroundandthenresumewithoutlosinganything.Ifyourmachinedoesn'thaveaworld-swapdebuggerinstalled,thismayproduceamaintenancepanelcodeof915,asdescribedabove.1.TypeCTRL-LEFTSHIFT-SWATtogettoaworld-swapdebugger"delicately".AswiththepreviousCEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~gw _/ ^^ ^_/%^%_/^o_/9^^_/_/ ]o]]]o] T] T]!]!]!]c!]"#]c"#]"]"]#B] [N[w[[w[ u[w u[!<[w!<["[w"["[w"[#d[w#d[$ [w$ [$[w Z9dYZ9Z9 W|ry #( +-28=@C*FT V)/E!'a)w,=/258):3?CA C To rToTowTo\TorTokTow!ITo"To#%7'.035_7r:To;Tow>To?GToACKE> R  -#%Jz Oy )_w L*O 9 'H(l+),/+3=7:{>?AE J ?dW H*Tw) (,=/2g38;@E.G/ F` DrDrVu)$4% /258I=v> BB!#'p*(-Y05:7+ @@W9$%' .i47s;>@BFI>H ==Vu)$4% /258I=v> ;; "H'+02a<?@C[EG/9lT( $?%*-0\ 7~7~#T H" %)>.257 55'"$'*~,0278;@BlF3m 114$'n,037I >fC-0S"<&[*-247;#=BD.=2 |& *-r369?BE-e ++W"$*.1146M;=@D)oLG$)+B.y46M;@D' %%V}6`%i*,3H7:@ ##*e $%&+/%23z7BBiDx"Ek _%3(M !['3(/Y1D7t=w E " sU"$6*-H024 6^8*= E {Sc x!./16:g= CLE  l '+2,/38= E , OER!T#%*-/368X>aDj _ K!;#%&,-35:=7@AC   (E"$U&+2 397<?GCG b@S! uFv  ! #(r'xu(Cuw.u/-ur1*u1uw4u5u7t8;WADG1r>w  "%*-=0e5/:=>@DFT&>) &e,X 247<= E k  Lr  w(  #C%&? -3 bAD&tx'r(++" TVm$;>@EV @ wxK@I@u@`@# &G)x.x y < w<u 9f$, *<.35O9 @ GR 7  $ +/& 69=@;E 6 O] ke#%,%-35:Iv INTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR19step,thiscanproduceamaintenancepanelcodeof915.2.ClickaStopbuttonortypeCTRL-DELinaviewer.Thiswillsometimesstoparun-awayprogramandgetthesystembehindtheviewertolisten.3.Performarollback(orbootifnocheckpointfileexists)usingeithertheRollbackbuttonorthephysicalbootbutton.Thisloseswhateverisinvirtualmemoryandopenfiles.4a.OnDorados,bootbyathreebuttonboot,holdingdownC.Thisfetchesnewmicrocodefromthenet.4b.OnDolphins,pressthestartbuttononthemaintenancepanelandthenperformstep2.Themaindifferencebetweenakeyboardbootandamaintenancepanelbootisthattheformerrequiresthedisktobespunupandthemachinealreadytobeinafairlygoodstate,whereasthelatterwillstartthemachinefromanarbitrarystate.IftheabovemethodsfailtogetyourCedarWorldup,thereareproblemswithyourfilesystem.5.TherearevariousscavengingproceduresavailableunderOthello,describedin[G5]:CheckDrive,Scavenge,PhysicalVolumeScavenge,andDEScavenger.Getanexperttohelpyouwiththese.Thesemightrecoverthesituationwithoutmuchinformationloss.6.Eraseyourclientvolumeandgetanewrelease,losingallnon-backedupfiles.Seesection1.7.3.7.Initializeyourdiskandgetanewrelease.Seesection1.7.2.CEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~gw_/ 9 '+.0 ]6> Mr]6 i]6w%]6%]6'7(d-$0B29<=C[0!S#() YE>!-#> *E,048;@EaG/WN!1$*_+-y17@9=j Unm !&6).r2U3Uw4tU5[U7<[?bF(TM/ RT $!R%(* 269T<B E FP_  h!'+-/ 7:>/?BDOiN".$6&):.35$7 89=d@DMM^/o$c')/_ J/!8 #',#.24k:s=@C3 H+c  &,05;=A EVG1Y"N(+ 479>[@<CFtE!#).2e 9 C:4 "$&+/1 9:;L>A(E A: % =#+(*/;&tx'r(++"nTVm$5pedprocess.SeediscussionofActionAreasundersection1.2.Ifthisfails,itsearchesthespaceofallinterfacenamesexportedbyloadedprogrammodules.Ifmultipleinstancesofthesameprogrammodulehavebeenloaded,onlythemostrecentonewillbeseen.Also,theassociationofinterfacesandprogramsworksmostofthetime,butmayfail.IfINTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR202.ProgramminginCedar2.1RunningprogramsYoumighttryrunningthefollowingexampleprogram:--Test.mesa,lastmodifiedbyJimMorrisJuly8,198212:31pmDIRECTORYIOUSING[GetInt,PutF,CreateViewerStreams,int,STREAM],UserExecUSING[CommandProc,RegisterCommand];Test:CEDARPROGRAMIMPORTSIO,UserExec=BEGINin,out:IO.STREAM;Compute:UserExec.CommandProc=BEGINi,j:INT;out.PutF["Typemeacoupleofnumbers:"];i_in.GetInt[];j_in.GetInt[];out.PutF["Thesumof%gand%gis%g.\n",IO.int[i],IO.int[j],IO.int[i+j]];END;[in,out]_IO.CreateViewerStreams["Compute.Log"];UserExec.RegisterCommand["Compute",Compute];END.TocreatethisfileclickNew,copythistextintothenewfile,andstorethefileastest.mesa(usingtheFilessub-menu).Youthencompileandrunitwiththefollowinginteraction:&1compiletestLoadingCompiler.bcd...Compiling:test......noerrorsEndofcompilation&2Runtest&3ComputeNowclickanywhereinsidethenewviewernamedCompute.Log,andtypeintwonumbers,followedbyaRETURN.2.2SystemModelsEricSchmidt,EdSatterthwaiteAssoonasyoustartdealingwithasystemofprogramsyoushouldconsiderusingasystemmodeltodescribeandcontrolthem[G7].Therearetwobenefits:themodellerwillfigureoutwhatyouneedtore-compileautomatically,anditwillreplacemodulesinarunningsystemsothatyouneedn'talwaysrestartyourprogramafterfixingabug.Thefollowingisatrivialsystemmodelwhoseonlycomponentisthetestprogramfromabove.--Trivial.Model,24-Jun-8217:53:12PDTOPEN@BasicCedar.model;Trivial:PROC[IOImpl:IO,UserExecImpl:UserExec,RopeImpl:Rope]RETURNS[][Bringover:TYPE==@Bringover.bcd;--detourtoavoidparserbugMain:CONTROL==@Test.MesaCEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~gy ^ z [ )w XWr#( U t !}y!%%(*1-w16x SaQQQQ%*x-Q-Q1Q20QPx8PPgPP "Nkz KKxKhK K K"(x*K+RK JHxJHJHJHz GJGGG!x#G$RGF%NxF%F%F%D~ 5_!'B A/ ? 1+! #$) /# 4 x== <8g?& :#%=x 88w 6nsK6nH6nw6n6n"X%'*- 0258;]=?El 4s K4 4w4M4;"r%)'),0.4 u 2L+1s+2L12L1*2L12L1X2L1X2Ln1n2L511n2L'1'2L12L1n2L 0h  .  gNv -U u +++Es++(+E(++E++EP+EnP++E++E+4+En4+u *+)s+*()(*)**$)$*)*)n*5)5*)w '$F5"^&+$ 469;[=C % r % %w%z " )}m" b" w F{!"'R)/-16o;?@EV  *#&(.069y=@CpF2  { I]" &,T./24l8:=@=E* P/t RGz"%+-.D2D6; ?CBg  X C9 . t t"nx z 88x88t88E  x-    i A x A A> A A'G(-$.26 x1  M   w&tx'r(++"TVm$Ko "} ) 0  vpcukG   v  V$u)j *G  * T#&| - 5 v 5 5E]u~ 5Z 5!,;x)e sTVm$INTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR21]TheparametersoftheprocedureTrivialareimplementationsforthethreeinterfacesIO,UserExec,andRope.ThoseinterfacesaretypesdeclaredinthefileBasicCedar.model.Whenyourunthismodeltheimplementationswillbesuppliedfromalreadyloadedprograms.TostartthemodellertyperunmodelThiswillbringuptheModellerviewer.TypetrivialinforModelNameandclickStartModeltotellthemodellertoreadinandanalyzethemodel.Aseriesofmessagestoappearinthemodeller'slowerwindow,concludingwithalineofdashes.ClickBegintostarttheprogram.ThismightcauseTest.mesatobecompiled;youmustgiveitpermissiontocompile(remembertoclickinsidetheviewerfirst)bytypingY.Theprogramwillbeloaded,theCompute.Logviewerwillappear,andthecommandComputecanbeinvokedfromtheUserExec,asbefore.TochangetheprogramtobehavedifferentlyeditTest.mesatochangethe"+"toa"-"and"sum"to"difference".SavethefileandclickContinueintheModellermenu.ThiswillcauseTest.mesatoberecompiledandreloaded.Invoke"Compute"fromtheUserExecagainandtrythenewprogram.ThemodellermaybeshutdowninanorderlywaybyclickingStopModel.Currently,BugBane(see2.3)maygetconfusedaboutwhichversionofthemoduleyouaretalkingabout.YoushouldusetheResetCachebuttonaftereachmodulereplacement.2.3BugBaneRussAtkinsonBugBaneprovidestheCedardebuggingfacilities,whichincludeabasicinterpreter,primitivesforcontrollingprogramsbysettingbreakpoints,proceedingfrombreakpoints,andothersuchservices.ThesefacilitiesareavailabletotheuserthroughtheUserExecasdescribedinsection1.2.InterpreterTheinterpreterhasaccesstoallnamesdefinedintheglobalframesofloadedprograms(includingtypes)plusallnamesinaspecialnamespacelocaltotheinterpreter.Thesespecialnamesallbeginwith&.TheinterpreterhandlesasubsetofCedarexpressions.ThefollowingsummaryofthesubsetlanguageisfromtheBugBanedocumentation[G8]:constantsfixed,REAL,Rope.ROPE,CHAR,BOOL,enumeratedsimplevariablesevaluatedaccordingtosearchrulesbelowx.yxisaRECORD,REForPOINTERTORECORD,globalframex[y]xisaSEQUENCEorARRAY,REForPOINTERTOSEQUENCEorARRAYP[args]PisaPROCEDUREtakinggivenargumentsRT[args]aRECORDconstructorwhereRTisaRECORDtypeLIST[exprs]evaluatesalistofexpressions,producingaLISTOFREFANYX_YXandYareexpressionsTheinterpreterhandlesexpressionscontainingarithmeticandlogicaloperators(suchas+andOR),andconditionalexpressions(IFbutnotSELECT.)Sometimesitisnecessarytowriteparenthesesaroundanexpressiontopreventtheinterpreterfromgettingconfused.Ingeneral,youmustprefixaprocedurenamewiththenameofitsinterfaceorimplementationmodule;e.g.,Rope.Cat.However,ifyouevaluateanunadornedinterfaceorimplementationmodulename,e.g.,List,unprefixednamesonlaterlinesareinterpretedrelativetothatmodule.CEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~g_,w \ D!&%'2K46:p @C  [   1!9&(*-u9=7?BEV Yb KZJ $B)- VD s TkYw Qa a J$s(|Q(Qw,iQ,Q.0B85:s>Q>QwEQEQG0 PH X+  "')%,.46[:<? E Nk mY #s'_N(RNw+N,N-<0G28;?C: L  < %',459/=D?D.G KRr)KRKRwKRKRm!L# ,O03O8&:=-C I whp v"$ G/sX! (d+"1r37:=Z?@)BE5 E c}s!E"Ew(E(iE), 1619H;?EG C  & )~+/H26f9*;^=@F B9w%#&(s-B9.B9w4B9 ? L.!$)-168z:?BD >%4%s>>w">#>'D*-2 z : )}m:w 7xK% +/459 @ GR 5  $ +/& 69=@;E 4) O] ke#%,%-35:I{ 0 w - a $)+.2(68h<C + N"%(*, 48<@BFts *;w *; 'j   .!% -@/5;=r?C & X a $*$*xf$*:$*w$* \$*x#$*$$*w&$*x'$*($*w+*$*x,$*,$*w/2$*0$* "<"<$&*.? N N1xZ N. Nw!I Nx"% N" Nw$ N% Nx& N'A N,.w3 N3 N8  ``1xZ``w#`#`x$`%`w(`x)`*`w,w`-2`x.;`.`35w.`?`w qqRx|q#qw$q$q(H+ xw &;*S,.3x/]01w45$  x!# +-1x2357:yw ;a +~ GK " )2 /2]6<@TACxF+Ge+wH9+H+   2xwC x"V"w&&(/0u189=Y D  MQ "%*027:n=AC  5 B !O +0s3Q54O5w9M5:5@9AD+  S $8)?-^s0F 1 w2 3r :u>@CG; Y&tx'r(++" %TVm$INTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR22Inlookingupaname,theinterpreterCheckstoseeifthenamebeginswith&,andifsoitbindstothenamed&-variable.Otherwise,itsearchestheglobaldefaultcontext,ifany.Theglobaldefaultcontextcanbesetbyinterpretinganunadornedmoduleasdescribedabove,orviatheUserExeccommandSetContext.Otherwise,itsearchesthecurrentlocalcontext,ifany.Thelocalcontextisthesequenceoflocalframesandassociatedglobalframesinthecallstackofthestoppedprocess.SeediscussionofActionAreasundersection1.2.Ifthisfails,itsearchesthespaceofallinterfacenamesexportedbyloadedprogrammodules.Ifmultipleinstancesofthesameprogrammodulehavebeenloaded,onlythemostrecentonewillbeseen.Also,theassociationofinterfacesandprogramsworksmostofthetime,butmayfail.Ifthisfails,ittriestomatchthenamewiththenameofaloadedprogrammodule(subjecttothethreerestrictionsjustmentioned).Thissearchwillnotfindindividualcomponentssuchasvariablescontainedintheseglobalframes;suchcomponentsmustbequalifiedbythemodulename.Sincethenamelookupprocesscantakealongtime,itrunsforonlyacertaintime,andthensaysthatthenameisundefined.Ifyouknowthatanameinquestionwouldbefoundifitsearchedfurther,youshouldfollowthenamewith!.Thiswillcausethelookupprocesstotrywithallitsmightandallyourtime.However,youcanalwaystellthelookupprocesstostopbytypingCTRL-DELorbyclickingtheStopbuttonintheWorkAreamenu.CoPilotCoPilotisthebackstopdebuggerforCedar.See[G5]foracompletedescription.Intheverynearfuture,CoPilotwillgoawayandbereplacedbyremotedebugginginwhichthedebuggerisafullCedarsystem.IfyoufindyourselfinasituationwhichseemstorequireknowledgeofCoPilot,youprobablyshouldfindawizard.CEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~gw _/}p# ]:v%x9!G$b&R) *j,.-1E25R9 [E !A&+H,/27;@CSE]GY "Z')0[57?9<C.W V  !%T*,/+25:o;>qDtFITY\$ "'a) +.-13{5;)@eC R# POun!#%+o/57D ? 8} =#d&),I0579<>@DG =` 8 n #S%*{/_14(64r:=`;T=`w@{=`A6=`BOD[ ; KC{ 8[s 4w 4f43j!#(I*.0j17 ?@CXFu 3V\PD%M'=+24(8*:}@zABEw 1_%"s0h$(/,@-29;@C 0hV&tx'r(++";TVm$INTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR233.ReferencesIngeneral,thefollowingdirectoriesareworthbrowsing:[Indigo]Documentation>*isthegeneralrepositoryfordocumentation.[Indigo]Top>*.dfwilllistpointerstothingsintherelease[Indigo]*forPilotstuff.ThereisalistmappingshortfilenamestopathnamesonDocumentation>APilotFiles.txt[Indigo]Documentation>Cedar3.5Xref.press,.txtisaninvertedlistinggivingtheDFfileforeveryfileintherelease;itithelpfulforfindingthings.Therearesubdirectoriesofthesedirectoriesdependingonthepackageorsubsysteminvolved.Use*liberallywhenindoubt.3.1GeneralReferencesInthefollowingassumethefileison[Indigo]Documentation>unlessafullpathnameisexplicitlygiven[G1]Paxton,W.,TheTiogaEditor.IntheCedarManualandTiogaDoc.press,.tioga.Themanualforthetexteditorandmanuscriptpreparationsystem.[G2]Brotz,D.,LaurelManual,CSL-81-6.[G3]Schmidt,Eric,TheDFFilesReferenceManual,DFFilesRefMan.press.[G4]Levin,Roy,CedarReleases:PoliciesandProcedures,ReleaseProcedures.press/bravo[G5]SDD,PilotUser'sHandbook.On[Iris]Doc>PilotUsersHandbook.press.Youdon'tneedallofitandit'salongdocumenttoprint;borroworobtainahardcopyandlookatpages47-92forCascadedocumentationifyoudealwithCoPilotextensively.[G6]Fiala,Ed,[Indigo]MPCodes.*.[G7]Schmidt,E.andLampson,B.,CedarSystemModellingReferenceManual,ModelRefMan.Press.[G8]Atkinson,BugBane,[Indigo]BugBane>BugBane.doc,BBV.doc,BugBane.shorts,andBugBane.wish.[G9]Horning,J.(ed.),TheCedarCatalog,IntheCedarManualandCatalog.tioga/press.Adescriptionofprogramsavailableforuseandstudy.[G10]Levin,TheReleaseMessages,CedarRelease*.msg.Thesemessagesdescribethepropertiesofeachnewrelease.Theyoftencontainvitalpiecesofinformationaboutknownbugsandhowtoavoidthem.Obviously,theinformationinoldermessagesmaybeoutofdate.[G11]Ornstein,DoradoUserRules,postedbysign-upsheetsoppositeCSLcoffeeroom.[G12]Ramshaw,TheAlto/Dolphin/DoradoBriefingBlurb,[MAXC]BriefingBlurb.press.Describes(almost)everythingtherewastoknowaboutthebasicCSL/ISLcomputerenvironmentin1981.[G13]Lampson,B.,Taft,E.,AltoUsersHandbook,November,1978.ThebasicreferenceforusingtheAltosystem.[G14]Teitelman,W.,CedarUserExec,UserExec.tioga,.tioga.press3.2CedarLanguageReferences[L1]Mitchell,Maybury,andSweet,Mesa5.0Manual,CSL-79-3,April,1979.TheMesadocumentationisfragmentedacrossthisandthenexttworeferences,soyouneedtobefamiliarwithallthree.[L2]SDD,Mesa6.0CompilerUpdate,[Ivy]Doc>Compiler60.press.[L3]Satterthwaiteetal.,CedarMesa6T5,[Indigo]Lang>Cedar6T5.press.ThisisadetailedCEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~gy ^ w [} "%) Y!h"%4* 0}2 W0!&f(,--0: U 5"&i()),92J68=r?uBGT5 RG0,`.0B297;?BPDGRP!P"'e).k N$ !* '.03 8j:5@F L} !x-z I. )_ w E<!"$8=!>eA DJH# D8  BJ {BJBJ]=wBJBJ!#( -!/9 @m "{ ) 0 > {p>c>wk>G> < {<<V$w)j<*G< : T#&| - 8 {88E]w~8Z8!,; 7Cf "+%P+-1r6F8@7C # ! {!!w!!$V&R+</J47< b{ ' ,w0B1x3x4Lw56N -i @"%'\+//#15;BA Y  <e{"w()147;"A-CxG/   /H!+ z  )+t w d { d!fd#%w*d+sd259<{@)  _l!$$4& -/~2557@91>QAlC\  {  Xtw !   {2  w; {& # 5 w#4 $ '>~AC DW&tx'r(++" TVm$1INTRODUCTIONTOCEDAR24descriptionoftheCedarlanguage,assumingoneknowsMesa.Somechangessincethisdocumentareenumeratedinashorterdocument,Documentation>Cedar7T11.press.[L4]Horning,J.,CedarLanguageOverview,Overview.tioga,.press;Lampson,B.,CedarLanuguageReferenceManual,Grammar,andSummary,CLRM.press,CLRMGram.press,CLRMSafeGram.press,CLRMSumm.press;Mitchell,J.,AnnotatedCedarExamples,CedarExamples.tioga,.press.[L5]Mitchell,J.StylizingCedar,cedarstyle.doc,.press,CedarStyleSheet,stylesheet.sil,.press.CEDAR4.2w Xgx g!g *w,gx-}gsG~gw _/ B"v(+I/37<@kC" ] 8b $ [ 8{M[K[ +w%y[&[052;{>;[?8[B YC w&[Y' Y /R; XK{ XK!XK'K+Lw1XK1XK?B V] {V]V]w>V]V]'I{+vV],tV]/x2w6+V]7V]?7&tx'r(++"TVm$LAUREL TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN MATH TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN TIMESROMANY TIMESROMAN TIMESROMANLOGO HELVETICA HELVETICA HELVETICA HELVETICA HELVETICA HELVETICAp  &7 B N $Y fn {   Y j/Introduction.tioga 8-Jun-83 19:01:24