Markup User's ManualTable of Contents1.Introduction862.Things to know before you start863.Use of Markup87How to obtain Markup87How to start Markup87The mouse87The menu87The top row of menu symbols: freehand drawing88The second and third rows: line drawings88Text89Image areas89Erasing and inserting image areas90Images with dimensions90Retrieving from memory90Images and text91Changing the grid91Inversion and fast erasing91Rotation and scaling92Image files92Turning the page93Finishing93Camera input934.Markup Techniques93Disk space94Use of existing illustrations94Use of Draw output94For faster copying95Recovery from a full disk95c Xerox Corporation 1979\^p"Wq Rrs2r Cs Ors2rCs Lrs2r Cs2JC2IC2G<C2EqC2C-C2A(C2@C2>E C2 @^ ?z2% == \xnMARKUP USER'S MANUAL873. Use of MarkupThis section of the manual starts by explaining how to get hold of a copy of the Markup program,and how to get the program running. It then covers each of the commands of Markup, one by one.How to obtain MarkupThe program you need is called Markup.run, and is to be found on the directory on Maxcand on most IFS servers. A copy of Markup.run is usually included with the other programs on theBASIC NON-PROGRAMMER'S DISK. If your disk does not include a copy, transfer it from your localfile server by means of the FTP program; for example:>Ftp Maxc Ret markup.runCRHow to start MarkupSimply type "Markup", followed by CR. Markup will ask you for names of the input and outputfiles. If you omit the input file name, and type only CR, Markup will supply a one-page blankPress file; if you omit the output file name, Markup will assume that you just want to play, and donot want to generate any output for printing. For convenience, you may type both file names onthe command line:>Markup InputFile OutputFileCR.Markup takes several seconds to get started. Eventually the display screen will go blank, the firstpage of the input file will appear, and the cursor will change to a small cross. Markup is now readyfor your use.If the input and output file names are the same, Markup will save the original input file on a backup file whose name isthe original file name followed by "$". This operation is performed at the time you "quit" from Markup.The mouseThe mouse is the most important input device to Markup. Its three buttons are used throughout ina consistent manner:RED button (top or left-hand): use of this button generally results in the addition ofinformation to the document.YELLOW button (middle): this button invariably controls the display of the command menuthat you use to select your next command.BLUE button (bottom or right-hand): use of this button generally results in the removal ofinformation from the document.There are exceptions to these rules, which are noted below wherever they occur.As a minor but important point, it should be understood that the so-called "ball mouse", with thethree large buttons arranged from left to right, is much less satisfactory for use with Markup thanthe older-style mouse with three bar-shaped buttons, arranged from top to bottom. The old-stylemouse can be moved much more smoothly than the ball mouse, and this is essential for some of thefreehand drawing operations of Markup.The menuWhenever you press the YELLOW (middle) button, one row of the command menu appears. You!fstiststF%s ^q [s!? ZZ Vu Rs? Qm tsR Otststs, NctsLM%tALA Ilu F@s"Ft!rE#F@s# Du"Et-CD.Dus% B'< AkG ?>>tA=(>s <S ;e 9 6t\ 5FI 1ju .>s,5 , )tsHus ( $ts=u #Ws) +tsLus  zO N"? ^ DB P :& :u sts; " =]CJ $  P T<*<UU*@UU@*@UU* UU@<*<T P @     1 1 1 0 0??@<~@? @s@?`?p@?` @?@ s@?~<@@ ??00 0 0 0 0000000000?? @ @ UU@ 0U@00<p H30<U@30< 00<U@ U@U`!          @8pP ?P?p8@MARKUP USER'S MANUAL88may move the mouse around with this button held down, and select the menu symbolcorresponding to the command you wantthe cursor symbol will change as you move from onemenu symbol to the next. If you move up or down, more rows of the menu will appear. Whenyou have selected the command you want, release the button, and the menu will disappear.The complete menu is shown above. The four rows of six symbols constitute the principalcommands of Markup. Below these symbols are the names of the fonts available to you for addingtext to your illustrations (the choice of fonts depends on the fonts defined in the input Press file).Above the menu are the names of other Press files containing images that you can add to yourillustrations. To the left and right are the numbers of the other pages in the document, and thesymbols "+" and "quit" for adding more pages and for leaving the Markup program when you arefinished.The top row of menu symbols: freehand drawingThe top row of the menu contains six different "brushes" for freehand drawing. When you selectone of these six, you can "draw" by pressing down on the RED (top or left) button, and holding itdown as you move the mouse; dots will appear as long as you hold the button down. The patternof dots laid down matches the shape of the brush, except in the case of the two left-hand brushes inthe top row, which are surrounded by broken circles to make them easier to follow.The BLUE (bottom or right) button is used for erasing, in an exactly analogous manner to the REDbutton. As long as the BLUE button is held down, any black dots over which the cursor passes willbe changed to white.The second and third rows: line drawingsThe middle two rows of the menu are devoted mainly to line-drawing brushes. When these areselected, use of the RED button dispenses black dots in straight line segments, and the BLUE buttondoes the same with white dots. The upper of the two rows is for use when only horizontal andvertical lines are required; the lower row will also draw lines at 45 degrees. Four different linethicknesses are provided, measuring 1, 2, 4 and 6 screen units across.In contrast to the freehand drawing brushes, these brushes do not dispense dots in a continuousstream. Instead, a short straight segment is laid down every time the cursor is moved to the nextintersection of an invisible grid. Thus if you press and release the RED button, nothing will happen;font menumain menupage turningto leave Markupimage file menuFigure 1. The Markup menu.damienmousefooLOGO24ARROWS10TIMESROMAN10ITIMESROMAN1021quit+54 ZB||$ <-||B||  #Nfstistst s _5 ]0( \ G Z!7 :Z? 80/ 7Pf 5P 4FF 2X 1< - L&< H B0% P_@<^ i            MARKUP USER'S MANUAL91from memory to put back the original text.Images and textAt the left-hand end of the bottom row is a symbol made up of the image area and text symbolscombined. If this symbol is selected, text and image areas can be manipulated together. Thiscommand is very useful for moving entire illustrations.The image-and-text command works in a similar fashion to the image area command: the BLUEbutton is used to define the rectangular area to be picked up, and the RED button is used to insertthe image and text in the desired position. As in the image area command, a rectangle shows wherethe information will be inserted; also the same cursor alignment feature is available. Images andtext may be moved between pages by erasing them, selecting another page, and inserting them; thisis useful for adding existing illustrations to a text document, and applies to pure images and puretext as well as to combinations of the two.The only unusual feature of this command is its criterion for picking up text. Any text stringsplaced on the page with the aid of Markup will be picked up provided they lie within the boundaryof the overall enclosing rectangle. Formatted text from Bravo, however, is picked up only in unitsof a paragraph at a timeit is not possible to pick up part of a paragraph and leave the rest. Thisis sometimes useful, for it means that you can pick up an illustration without accidentally includingpart of a nearby text paragraph.Changing the gridThe symbol resembling a number-sign, next to the image-and-text symbol, can be selected in orderto change the grid spacing. This command uses the BLUE mouse button for size changes, and theRED to change the grid alignment. Either button, if pressed, will cause lines of dots to appear onthe screen showing the horizontal and vertical grid spacing.To change the grid spacing, press down on the BLUE button. Two numbers will appear near thecursor, showing the horizontal and vertical spacing. As the mouse is moved, the spacing willchange. It can be adjusted to as high a value as you like, and to as low as 5 units in each direction,independently in the two directions. Note that 45-degree lines cannot be drawn if the horizontaland vertical spacings are different.You may wish, after changing the grid spacing, to make sure that lines drawn with the new grid arealigned with those drawn previously. To do this, you may have to change the grid alignment, usingthe RED button. When the RED button is held down, two numbers show the coordinates of the gridorigin; you can think of these numbers as defining the position of the "squared paper" on whichthe grid is drawn. With the aid of these numbers, plus the dots showing the grid itself, it is usuallypossible to get things lined up.Inversion and fast erasingThe bottom row includes a command symbol made up of a black box together with an open box.This command provides two functions. With the RED button, image areas may be inverted, i.e.black dots turned white and vice versa. With the BLUE button, fast erasing can be done, at theexpense of retrieval from mistakesonce the dots have gone, they can't be retrieved or insertedelsewhere. If you should ever need to erase a large area rapidly, you will find this command savesyou many seconds of waiting. This command operates only on dots, not on text..HZ`||..H9@||$\HH`||!fstiststF%s _* [u Ws= VeB T7 Q5t P/s(ts N!A M%N KL JZ H+ EjS CB B`U @"B ?Ve = 9u 6s$< 5 !ts' 3ts` 2< ..ts -eN +E" *[*7 ($ %Y $%A! "tstsB !us0) _  u s; `/ts us u s ts) V+4 E Lt0 =YK   __II__??3333333333  __II 00000`0`0`0`??MARKUP USER'S MANUAL92Rotation and scalingOnce an image has been erased and stored in Markup's memory, it can be manipulated in anumber of ways, using the one remaining command symbol on the bottom row yet to bedescribedthe one consisting of two open boxes. This command differs from all the others in itsuse of the mouse buttons: both buttons cause the image to be inserted. The RED button is used toscale the image, to rotate it through multiples of 90 degrees, and to make mirror images of it. TheBLUE button is used to rotate the image through arbitrary angles.When you press down on the RED button, a double cross appears, marking the "origin" for scalingand rotation. You may now choose between the various functions available, by moving the cursorin various different directions. As shown below, the upper right quadrant is used for scaling, whilethe two adjacent quadrants provide mirror-imaging, and the lower-left quadrant provides 180-degreerotation. If the cursor is positioned directly above or below the origin, the image will be insertedrotated 90 degrees anticlockwise, and if the cursor is positioned on the same horizontal line as theorigin, the image is rotated 90 degrees clockwise. In every case, a rectangle shows the positionwhere the image will be inserted; in the case of scaling, tick-marks are placed at intervals of halfthe size of the original.Pressing down on the BLUE button also displays the double cross origin, and when the mousemoves, three small dots show the positions of the other three corners of the rotated image.Rotation is zero when the cursor is directly to the right of the origin.In both cases, the image will appear when the mouse button is released. To prevent any insertion,simply return the cursor to the vicinity of the displayed origin and release the button.Image filesImages may be stored in Markup's memory either by erasing them from the displayed picture, or byreading them in from Press files stored on the disk. The names of the files that you can access inthis way are shown above the main menu, and you read them in by moving the cursor so that itcoincides with the name of the image you want; when you lift the YELLOW button, the image isplaced in Markup's memory, whence it can be inserted, rotated or scaled as described above.Markup selects images for inclusion in the menu at initialization time, by scanning your diskdirectory for files with extension ".press", and then checking to see which of these include an imageon the first page. A maximum of 20 such images may be included in the menu. You may inhibitthe construction of the image file menu by invoking Markup thus:>Markup/n InputFile OutputFileCRoo90 anticlockwiseoFigure 2. Control of scaling and rotation by quadrantooo90 clockwise90 anticlockwise180 rotationscalingvertical axishorizontal axismirror aboutmirror aboutf2@|| $HJ^ ||#Nfstistst s _u [s? Ze6 X\ W[Lts  Ud TQts= Q%ts 7 OI N*; L6, K [ Id Ha F.7 D -tsA ,iI *H 'G &3X "3u sQ I < x(ts R 2+ B_ ? 8@mtu }>B <H ;4a 9tsT 8*ts> 6 3yu s! 1U 0ous4ts .#9 -eG *9;$ (] !q s$6 BX C 8f ] . U =# $ 5+ sE h ,>X/MARKUP USER'S MANUAL94Disk spaceThe first thing you must understand before trying to illustrate a large document (i.e. a documentwith more than half a dozen illustrated pages) is that Markup consumes large quantities of diskspace. As a rule of thumb, you should make sure there are at least 100 free pages on your disk forevery illustrated page of the document. Thus if you intend to put illustrations on 12 pages, youshould have 1200 free pages before you start. The exact amount you will need depends on the sizeof the illustrations: if you intend to put just a few tiny images on each page, in the same manner asthis manual, then your disk space requirements will be much less.The reason for all this caution is that Markup cannot be relied upon to recover gracefully if it runsout of disk space, unless it runs out after you have "quit". Whenever you turn to a different page,Markup checks to see if you have 100 or more disk pages available; if you do not, it writes out thepages you have created or modified so far, and quits to the Executive. This is not fool-proof,however, and it is still possible for you to spend three hours illustrating twenty pages, and then runout of disk space while working on the twenty-first, leaving you with no means of recovering yourlost work. When you "quit", Markup goes through a cleaning-up operation, combining the newversions of the pages you have created or modified with the original versions of the pages that havenot been changed. This, too, consumes disk space in large quantities, but if Markup fills up thedisk during this operation, or quits when it finds fewer than 100 disk pages, there is a simplerecovery procedure (see below, Recovery from a full disk).For reasons such as these, it is generally worthwhile to split large documents into a number ofseparate Press files, and combine them only when all illustrations are complete. This is easily donewith the PressEdit program (see the Alto Non-Programmer's Guide or the Alto SubsystemsManual). Each separate Press file should include no more than six to ten illustrated pages.Use of existing illustrationsDocuments must often be edited many times before they are ready for distribution. Markup hasbeen designed to allow you to prepare the illustrations for such documents on a separate Press fileor files, and then to combine them with the text. You may also use illustrations prepared withother programs, such as Draw, Sil and Flyer.This technique amounts to the preparation of one or more Press files that form a portfolio ofillustrations for inclusion in the document. It is generally more convenient if each Press file pagecontains just one illustration. If, however, you are sure that a certain group of two or moreillustrations will be placed on the same page, then you will save time by keeping them on one pageof the portfolio.The PressEdit program is again the means whereby the formatted text file (in Press format) iscombined with the portfolio file or files. Once the files have been combined, you can commencethe rather tedious operation of copying illustrations from the portfolio pages to the appropriate textpages using the image-and-text brush. Make sure that, at the end, nothing is left on the portfoliopages, so that they will be expunged from the file when you write it out.Use of Draw outputPress files generated with the Draw program may be used as input to Markup. You may definecurves with Draw, and then read the resulting Press file into Markup, in order to add imageinformation or text.Although Draw allows you to add text to the curved pictures you draw, it is often more convenientto omit the text at the Draw stage, and add it with Markup. If you include text in the Draw file,#Nfstistst s _u [s?" ZeL X6- W[u s; UM TQP RA OS N<( LB! KG IN H V F? D22 CxY A_ @nus =BB ;P :89 8E 4u 1sY 07, .}'8 ,, )Qus (GG &6us %=V # E N J +8 xI xu LsK H B a +7 J=\VMARKUP USER'S MANUAL95you will find the resulting picture very slow to edit with Markup, particularly if you mix severalfonts.For faster copyingMarkup uses a rather out-of-date method of copying image areas, which means that this operation issometimes rather slow. In particular, if the grid is not set to a horizontal spacing of 16, with theorigin at zero, then images will be inserted very slowly. Before you start copying illustrations fromthe portfolio to the text pages, therefore, make sure that the horizontal spacing and grid origin are at16 and zero. For ease of vertical alignment, however, you may set the vertical spacing to a smallervalue, such as 8, without affecting performance.Recovery from a full diskIf Markup exhausts disk space during during a page turn or the "quit" operation, it prints amessage on the screen telling you what to do. In essence, Markup saves all the new and modifiedpages of the document on a Press file called MARKUP.SCRATCH, and this allows you to reconstructthe desired output file.The most difficult part of this operation is to figure out which pages are included inMARKUP.SCRATCH. You may use Markup itself to help you here, but with caution, for Markuperases MARKUP.SCRATCH and creates a new version. Therefore you should copy MARKUP.SCRATCHto a file with another name (such as FOO.SCRATCH), and look at this new file with Markup. Whenyou have figured out which pages this file contains, you can use PressEdit to put together therequired document out of this and the original file. Before doing all this, you must of course deletesome files from your disk, so as create more space.!fstiststF%s _R ] Yu Ves?# T)< S[*u- Q53 PQ s6" N0 Ju Gs:" F)7 D-t s C ?):* >`t susA <t s )t ;Vs t s/ 9V 8L!E 63d 6=1 TIMESROMAN HELVETICA TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN HELVETICA TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN ARROWS LOGOMATH  TIMESROMAN  a) 72 < EU ^ hGm] g 7rzO 9UZ"iR kZ  :;Z":B:#:B":J:Z:Z :Z 9WZ"*i.":C Z "iG"9Y*9W9VZiU":C!Q:C:C"i":C":C"iV!U:C"i:C Z "i!D:C":C":C"i9"i Z  :C!:C:C %c:C!a:C ^Z  B"P :;Z"9 B" j/q oO markup.press Swinehart14-Dec-79 12:02:21 PSTo