XII. Tabs59XII.TabsThere are two types of horizontal tab settings available in Bravo. In Sections A andB each type of tab is described and the method for setting it given.No tab setting in Bravo can be actually set while typing text--they are all set withparagraph look commands, and they all require a distance specification.Consequently, to enter tabulated text initially, you must type the text, hitting the TABkey at each point where a tab will be needed, then select the paragraph and give acommand or series of commands to reconfigure tab stop(s) to the position(s) desired.A.Regular Interval Tab SettingsBravo has "default" tabs preset at 1/4" (18 point) intervals. They act just liketab settings on a typewriter--a tab between text will move to the next 1/4"point on the screen, rather than 1/4" from the point where the tab is hit.This regular interval tab of 1/4" can be reset to any interval--1/2" or 1", forexample. The paragraph look command used to reset it is:Select paragraph(s)lookTABkey=1.0"ESCThe = in this command is used to tell Bravo that all tabs are to equal thedistance specified--in this example that is 1.0".If this command is applied to paragraphs early in the document, it will remainin effect for paragraphs appended to them. If it is used as an editing functionafter all of the text has been typed, all paragraphs to be affected should beselected before the command is given--if all paragraphs are not contiguous,several individual selections will have to be made.Regular interval tabs are being discussed first because they are the tabs in effectuntil others are set. However, for almost all formatting requirements involvingtext paragraphs or tabulated columns, they will not be appropriate. Tabrequirements for hanging indents, and for tabulated columns are best achievedby using the tabs described in B, below.B.Specific or "Named" Tab SettingsThis type of tab is the most generally useful tab available in Bravo. Anyhorizontal position across the screen may be set with a tab stop. A line of textmay begin on the left margin (85) and have tabs set at 120, 250 and 400points--this is simply an example; any combination of tab stops can be set.&fp Fof aq]r srB[DVsrAU'!&SH ptEaSKRr GPR4KpKKFrQKE' 6srKC\&s rK@06K> srA;A9pA9y9rA8uptA88urA6pA6A5kA5A3tK0rp0cO0r,srK/5,p2[.4/5rK, 5K*."K(7K'z;K%3K":K!D$s r K%srK:? K(pKKr1K,%K2K9 9:YTBravo Course Outline60With "named" tab settings, up to 15 tabs can be set on a line, identified(named) with the numbers 1-9 and the letters a-f. 1 (the numeral one) is thefirst tab and f is the 15th tab.The paragraph look command for setting specific tabs is:Select paragraph(s)lookTABkey1(for example)distanceESCAfter typing lookTAB1, the mouse buttons may be used to determine thedistance of the tab stop. E.g.,Redto select a character on the screen which the tab is toline up with.Yellowto select a paragraph with tab 1 already set, and "copy"that setting to the paragraph(s) being changed.Blueto select any horizontal point across the screen where thetab is to fall.The distance selected with any of these mouse buttons will be displayed in theleft most set of squiggly brackets in the system window--points within the leftbrackets; inches in the middle brackets. When the distance desired appears inthose brackets, hitting the ESC key will cause Bravo to apply that distance to thetab being set.The "anatomy" of this command, both what you type and what the systemresponds with, is:To a selectedlookparagraph(s) type:TABkeyBravo responds:LOOK: Type tab code (1-9, a-f, =)meaning, do you want a specific tab? If so, which tab: 1-9, a-f? Or are yousetting a regular interval tab, in which case = is the tab code used. Answer thisquestion with the number of the tab being set:1for example.Having typed 1, Bravo responds with:LOOK: Specify tab stop, confirm with ESC.At this point the mouse buttons may be used to determine the distance from theleft margin where the tab will be set; or the distance can be typed. After doingone or the other, type:#fp gf_rsr&]F\ X8UT/pSyT/rRptRS/RrPpP#Pu OZpO!MtM~qJr p?JRyJrptp!JRN$kJr %I$Ep#r- #Ds AGp#r- #?/<ururC0< G0;2N 0904p 0r2. E,-)1(L B&>#? "4%!%ep%er,Jp%y%Jrp+,Jr !Apt!A(q#rS ptr3   +s r$ptr 4s g Q:\XIII. Moving/Duplicating Text -- System Buffers63current buffer.B.Insert BufferThe insert buffer (buffer 2) works much like the delete buffer, though it is notfunctional in moving text from one point to another unless the text is to appearin both places--be copied in a second location, but not deleted from the firstposition.If there are several insertions involving the same text, the text need only betyped once. Text inserted into the document, also goes into the insert buffer.Therefore, if you select a second point in the document and type insert ESC thetext from the insert buffer (the current buffer following an insert) will beplaced in the document at the position selected.These buffers may be confusing until they have been used a few times. A goodway to get a sense of what is happening is to delete a string of text and noticethe change in contents of the delete buffer. Then give an insert command withanother point in the document selected, and hit the ESC key. The text from thedelete buffer will appear in the document; it will also appear in the insertbuffer and that buffer will get the *, making it the current buffer.At the outset these buffers seem like a shell game in which you try to guesswhere the pea is; however, they can be quite useful in moving text withoutretyping it, and duplicating the same text in different locations.C.Copy Selections with Append, Insert, ReplaceFollowing an append, insert or replace command, a secondary selection of textappearing elsewhere in the document can be made. ESC following the secondaryselection will cause the selected text to be placed at the position indicated bythe primary selection. The sequence is:Select point at which text is to be appended, inserted, or the text whichis to be replaced.Type a, i or rMake a secondary (dotted underline) selection of the text to be copied,and type ESC.The text of the secondary selection will be copied to the position initiallyindicated. The text of the secondary selection is not deleted and moved; it is acopy placed at another location--it will appear in both places following thiscommand. If text is to be deleted and moved to another position, see DeleteBuffer, above.fp0FofK_s rZCpK KUprIKS3KRfsr+KPKMFKL0-"KJAp>JTy?;JrBptBJTqEcJrKI&DKG0KDuFKB3KAk$p: Ay:AkrK?/5pt5?q8?rK>a-K<DK9,K8+AK6B1pK,K-r p,L-rp"9,y"-rp(,)-r-K+{2ptrK))'K(q(A%Esr=#A!hpv!,!hrp!y!hrp"a!Ar9 pt"4q$vrK_LK (srKUsr(srKEKK 6TBravo Course Outline64XIV.Search and Substitute OptionsBravo provides several facilities for jumping to a particular point in the document;for substituting one string of text for another; and for making selective substitutions.A.Jump CommandWhen editing a lengthy document, scrolling to a point several pages away maynot be the quickest way to access the next edit. The jump command allows youto type a string of text in the document which Bravo is to find and display atthe top of the screen.The jump command begins its search with the second line on the screen, andcontinues searching to the end of the document. It does not start again at thebeginning. Therefore, make sure that the second line of text on the screenappears at an earlier point in the document than the text being located. Aneasy way to search the entire document, is to type en (everything normalize)before giving the jump command.The sequence for the command is:jumptype the text string to be locatedESCText typed will appear in the Search Buffer--buffer number 3. Bravo will payattention to capitalization and to punctuation, but will not differentiate text onthe basis of font size or character looks--i.e., you need not type the text inboldface because it appears in the document in boldface, but you mustcapitalize characters that are capitalized in the document. In fact, you cannotspecify only boldface instances of a text string without jumping to theintervening instances of the text string which are not boldface.Once ESC has been typed, Bravo will search the document; when the text stringis found, the line containing it will appear at the top of the screen.If there are several instances of the string of text, Bravo will find the first oneand place it at the top of the screen. To find the next instance of that samestring, type ESC--ESC causes Bravo to repeat the last command. You can dothis several times if necessary, though choosing a relatively unique string ofcharacters the first time will be less time consuming.B.Substitute CommandThe substitute command allows you to type a new text string which is to besubstituted for an existing text string. E.g., substitute $$$$$ (for) Bravo.Substitute operates only on the text selected--within a paragraph, within a lineof text, throughout the entire document. A certain amount of care should betaken when making widespread substitutions, however. Bravo will take the#fp gf g^q90Yr0$0Xw%sr0Sp Nr*"ML#p7Lr8 MLrK.JBGpFrBGr's EKD r@B? Ap8@s9Arp:@;zAr pB[@C#Ar?}F K= (8MpK rK3z)K1: K0p"A-DsrA+/A(+sA'1r A%2 A$sr!A" sKSr(K$K srKsr4 Ksr$Kls r5A@pA@rAA6ptA q 5ZCBravo Course Outline66When the text has been found and is the selected string at the top of thescreen, type:replace(do not use insert or append)type the new textESCNow, to move to the next instance of that string of text, type:findESCand Bravo will move to the next instance, display it at the top of thescreen, and select it. From this point on type either:yesto repeat the replace command--to make the substitution--and thenmove on to the next instance; or type: ESCto make no substitution and go on to the next instance.The find command does not constrain you to continue hitting ESC tothe end of the document. When all the instances to be changed havebeen changed, simply start something else--Bravo is in a "Ready" stateafter either y or ESC are typed, so the command can be discontinued atany point. Be sure all the changes have been made before interruptingwith another command; once the order of the command has beeninterrupted, the entire command will have to be initiated again, startingwith find and typing the text, etc.This ends the material presented in Part II. Part III describes the use of multiplewindows; vertical tabs for placement of text; document profile options such as linenumbers, odd and even headings, and multiple column printing; Bravo's calculator;and some introductory information for Maxc users. If you do not have a need forthese features, there is no need to go on to Part III.#fp gf_r3] ZepZ6Zer"XW[ptWqT/r?QpP@QrO~ptO'qLRr'J7GpGJYGrDu!B'?pt?mq^R9<!/9;T@99J98J#.96P95@H93S926#0909+s qr' q$'%9$!/ @P1rsqGrq;riqrqrqs;<iq ",_,sq0rqU&%  g 9[fXV. Windows69When a new window is opened, the end-of-file marker in the new window isselected. Selecting anything in a document makes the window containing theselection "current." Therefore, with the end-of-file marker selected, acommand to get a file will read that file into the newly created window. Thewindow containing a file with selected text is the only window that will beaffected by keyboard commands. To make a window "current" or active, simplyselect any block of text within it.With two files, one in each window, text can be transferred back and forthbetween them. To take a block of text from one file and insert it into anotherfile, select the point at which text is to be inserted, type i for insert, then makea copy selection of the text in the other file, and hit the ESC key. This is thesame sequence that would be followed with a single file. Deleting text fromone point and moving it to another, or inserting text from one file into anotherfile, works the same across a window boundary as it does within a single file.If text is to be deleted from one file and placed in another, select the text to bedeleted, delete it, select the point at which it is to appear in the other file, type ifor insert (or a for append), then hit the ESC key--again, the same operationthat would be performed when dealing with a single file.To join two separate files together, select the last paragraph of the first file,type a for append, then make a copy selection of all, or the pertinent part of,the second file, and hit ESC.A new window can also be used to facilitate formatting a complex document.Once the formatting levels are established, a file with several paragraphs, eachcontaining a particular format needed in the document, can be created and readinto the new window. Then when one of these formats is needed in thedocument, it can be adopted with a copy selection to the look all command.Change New Window BoundaryIf the window originally opened provides too much or too little space, itsboundary may be changed. Type w for window, then place the cursor in thebroad black border of the window boundary to be changed. Now hold downthe Red button and while it is depressed, move the cursor to the new verticalposition for the boundary. The existing boundary will follow the cursor'smovement until the button is released, then the boundary will freeze.Destroy New WindowWhen the additional window is no longer needed, it can be destroyed. Type kfor kill, place the cursor in the window to be destroyed and push either the Redor Blue button. Red, with the cursor placed in the bottom window will kill thebottom window and give the full screen to the top window. Blue, with thecursor placed in the top window will kill the top window and give the fullscreen to the bottom window. Be sure to put the file on your disk beforekilling a window in which changes have been made to the document it contains.If the file has not been put, Bravo will require a confirming CR to destroy thewindow; however, it will not explain why confirmation is being requested.$fs FofK_q: K]KK\ :HKZ s$Z0Zq,KYr qKW}EKU#KR@ KQG&*KOrqs9Oky9OqKN=;st9Mq<_N=qKLr qKK3:KIr0qKH)6KFGsGvFMyKEq sDEqst/Dq2iEqKC8K@n FK>s>\>q6K=dst%c= q'=dqK:85K8.rq K7.0K5?K4$9s;R3y;4$qs>3?4$q K/QrK*~q? K(s*(+w(qK'tGK%sq2K$j1K"EKrK?q2sGKq rqsK5qsqsqr+q KsqrK+ q+Kr K!@ Kq s#E$Lq$stqK %rq  K 6[:Bravo Course Outline70Clear Contents, Leave WindowTo "clear" a window of its contents and leave the window, type k for kill, thenplace the cursor in the window to be cleared and push the Yellow button. Thisaction is equivalent to window clear. Again, if changes have been made, put thefile before clearing the window, though if the file has not been put on the disk,Bravo will ask for a confirming CR before clearing the window. This should betaken as a reminder to put the file if changes you care about have been made.Summary of New Window CommandsThe following chart summarizes the commands for creating a new window,moving its boundary, clearing and destroying it. After typing either w or k, themouse buttons work as follows:windowRedMoves window boundaryBlueOpens new window and places its boundary atheight of cursor.killRedWith cursor in bottom window, kills thatwindow, gives full screen to top window.YellowWith cursor in top or bottom window, erasesthe contents of that window, leaves the window.BlueWith cursor in top window, kills that window,gives full screen to bottom window.The yellow mouse button with a window command has no application for a newwindow, but it is functional in creating a "subwindow" which is discussed inSection B, below.B.Subwindow (two windows/one document)A subwindow differs from a new window in that subwindows look into thesame document. The original window and the subwindow can be scrolledindependently, making it possible to view two separate areas within a file, butboth windows contain the same file. Any change made to the document ineither window will take effect in the other window--i.e., you are alwaysworking on one document.Inserting text from one point in the document at another point works the sameway across a subwindow boundary as it does with full screen display of thedocument. Deleting text from one point and inserting it elsewhere also works#fs gf_rZCq's?VY@,ZCqX$sq W9s#V$W9qs)V)W9qU7T/!uqRs$mRS%0Rq3MrIq"$GEsB/G(C"GqsEG(FnGqEBsBwBq?s(Pq=Js(Pq+(P;6s6f6q2s(Prq (P0(.Bs(Pq+(P,rq*es(Prq(P(#%s*N%]+A%q&r$/q6"9sqrqrq !r  q)Ourqrq rq4r kq?: ; 50z g 5]kXV. Windows71the same. The only difference is that both areas can be made visible at once,making scrolling during the command unnecessary.A subwindow is also useful with certain formatting tasks. With levels offormatting, several paragraphs can be added to the end of the document, eachcontaining a formatting level used in the document. Then when that level isrequired for new text, it can be adopted easily with a look all command, usingone of the paragraphs at the end of the document as the copy selection. Havingthese formats established and continually visible saves either scrolling throughthe document to find an instance of the formatting desired, or giving a series ofcommands to format new text.Open a SubwindowTo open a subwindow using this method of window manipulation, type window,then place the cursor along the left side of the screen at the height thesubwindow is to appear, and hold down the Yellow button for about a second.Subwindows have no broad black border to accommodate a filename since theycannot contain a separate file. A thin black line marks their boundary.Change Subwindow BoundaryIf the subwindow originally opened is too large or too small, its boundary canbe changed in exactly the same way as a new window boundary is changed--type w, place the cursor on the existing boundary line, hold down the Redbutton while a new boundary is traced with the cursor; when the button isreleased, the boundary will freeze.Destroy SubwindowWhen the subwindow is no longer needed, type kill, place the cursor in thebottom window and push the Red mouse button. The distinction made betweenRed and Blue for killing a new window can also be made for a subwindow.However, since the same file is in both windows and any changes made in onewindow take effect in the other, it does not matter which window is destroyed.The only advantage to choosing which window to kill is in keeping one of theselected points visible after the other window is killed. When this option is nota consideration, an easy method for killing subwindows is to type k, place thecursor in the bottom subwindow and push Red.Because a subwindow contains the same document as the original window, thereis a mouse button which should not be used if the intention is to clear only oneof the windows. Kill and the Yellow mouse button perform the operation:erase the contents, leave the window. Be careful of this combination whenworking with subwindows. Its only use is to clear the entire screen of alltext--i.e., using it with subwindows assumes that a new document is to be readin for which a subwindow is also desired. It cannot be used to clear thesubwindow only. Also, a kill, Yellow cannot be "undone"--this is one of theplaces in Bravo where undo does not work. If you type k followed by Yellow in$fs FofK_q;K]0KZe*KX2KW[LKU +s7Uy8 Uqs; U;UqKTQ3KRHKQG'*KOKJrKFq:sBECFqKD,KC)sqKA8K@rq*K;5rK6bq/K4; K3Xs33Xq+rqsK1qIK0N#K+{rK&q-s4&Q5&qK%#sq,K#sqsqr qrqK"r$K q/KA KBK,r qs@,Aq K(sqKT1K-rKJqs!Jq sq$KAK@rqrKq3K6*rK q s$ Z% qsq'K ,s" " ,qs80 9 ,q sq K 7]%Bravo Course Outline72a subwindow and have not put the file, it may require a replay to get it back--Bravo asks for a confirming CR when the file has not been put, but it will notexplain why confirmation is requested. Typing DEL instead of a confirming CRwill cancel the kill command and the file can be put on the disk normally.Summary of Subwindow CommandsThe following chart summarizes the commands for creating a subwindow,moving its boundary, destroying it, and clearing the contents of both theoriginal window and the subwindow. After typing w or k, the mouse buttonswork as follows:windowRedMoves subwindow boundaryYellowOpens a subwindow and places its boundary atcursor position.killRedWith cursor in bottom subwindow, kills thesubwindow, gives full screen to top window.YellowWith cursor in either window, clears the entirescreen--both windows--of all text.BlueWith cursor in top window, kills that window,gives full screen to bottom subwindow.With window, the Blue mouse button has no application for subwindows sinceBlue creates a new window. Using either Red or Blue as they are describedabove in combination with kill, will produce the same result--the document, alledits included, will be displayed full screen.C.Creating, Moving, Destroying Windows--Keyboard OptionSections A and B above described window manipulation using specific mousebuttons for operations desired.A second option for window manipulation consists of the window commandwith the following sub-options:windownewTo create a new windowwindowsplitTo create a subwindowwindowmoveTo adjust window boundarywindowdestroyTo destroy a new or subwindowwindowclearTo clear the contents, leave the window.#fs gf_q7]uq+\ rq$stq uZqsfZ0 Eq Hsq!s!!q-0.+ r  s q!s!! q-0.+ r@s@q!s!$"6@q-0.+usuq!s!!uq-0.+sSq!s!S!q-0 gc5YXV. Windows73After you type wn, ws, wm, wd, or wc, any mouse button may be used to eitherindicate a boundary or select a window. With this method of windowmanipulation, no distinctions need be made between which mouse button touse--the operation is described by the second character, rather than by aspecific mouse button, and once the operation is specified, all mouse buttonsare synonomous.To create a new window, type wn and use any mouse button to indicate wherethe new window boundary should appear.To create a subwindow, type ws and use any mouse button to indicate where thesubwindow boundary should appear.To move a window boundary, type wm and use any mouse button to trace thedesired new or subwindow boundary.To destroy a new or subwindow, type wd, place the cursor in the window to bedestroyed and push any mouse button--Bravo displays the message "selectwindow" after wd is typed. If a new window is being destroyed and the file hasnot been put on the disk, Bravo requests a confirming CR before honoring thecommand.To clear the contents of a new window, type wc. Bravo responds with themessage: "select window." Any mouse button may be used to select the windowto be cleared. If the file has not been put on the disk, Bravo requests aconfirming CR before honoring the command. Window clear with a subwindowwill clear the entire screen of all text; however, if the file has not been put onthe disk, Bravo requests a confirming CR before honoring the command.D.Page BoundaryWhile editing or creating a document, Bravo makes no attempt to indicatewhere the pages will break when the file is printed. Page Boundary can be usedto determine page breaks before sending for final copies of the document, andwhile the document is reconfigured into pages, it can be edited until the pagesbreak correctly. Page Boundary can also be used to determine whether a blockof text will fit on one page--again, it can be edited until the text fits one pagebefore being sent to the printer.Use a file that is at least two pages long when experimenting with PageBoundary for the first time; otherwise it will be difficult to see how all of itsfeatures work.When Page Boundary is activated, Bravo will assume that the first character ofthe current selection is the first character on a page and will calculate pagebreaks from that point. If page breaks are being determined for the entire file,scroll the document to the beginning and select the first character that willappear on page 1 before initiating the page boundary command. Or, if there isa known page break (because a ^L--manual page break--has been entered), youcan begin after the page break by selecting the first character to appear on thepage following the ^L.Activate the Page Boundary command by typing the LF (linefeed) key on the$fs FofK_qs^k_qs ]^!_qs"^$_qs%^'_qs*|^,_qK]2K\ "&KZGKY ?KW}KTQs'S)TQqKR&KOs&nOI'Oq% KN!KJs+GJ-^JqKIj"KF>#s,E.pF>q&KD7KC4 s!BC4q r q$KA* uqK@*K<r qs3z<5CCAE @0>4<O;yst({;",);yq)9<8o=5C C3)0s0;0q/ s.\/ q+ >*\s)**t*\q( sq%D$&$ s L q s!n y! qs%L 8& q s.2 3 q^ g 6GWTXVI. Vertical Tabs75XVI.Vertical TabsBy setting paragraph looks with distance specifications, and/or specific tab stops,text can be placed on the page at precise horizontal positions. The same precision ispossible for vertical positions on the page with the use of vertical tabs.A vertical tab is set on a paragraph--the same vertical tab is not set on a series ofparagraphs, as horizontal tabs may be. If the same vertical tab is set on two ormore paragraphs, the text of those paragraphs will overprint--second paragraphprints on top of first, third paragraph prints on top of second on top of first, etc.When a vertical tab is set the text will be placed as specified, even if that meansoverprinting existing text.The command to set a vertical tab is:lookzdistanceESCThe command to remove a vertical tab is:lookz\(backslash, not /)ESCThere are several points to keep in mind when using vertical tabs:1.A vertical tab can only be set on existing text--it is aparagraph look with a distance specification, a combinationnot possible in Bravo while typing.2.The distance set for a vertical tab is measured from the bottomof the page--e.g., setting a vertical tab of 2.0" will cause text tobegin printing 2 inches up from the bottom of the page.3.A vertical tab setting on a paragraph "goes with" theparagraph, just as left margin and horizontal tab settings do.Therefore, appending to or inserting in front of a paragraphwith a vertical tab, will cause the new paragraph(s) to "pickup" the same vertical tab. Overprinting of paragraphs will bethe result.4.Horizontal tabs may cause a page to break. Vertical tabs donot cause a page break, though if set on the first paragraph ofseveral pages of text, subsequent page breaks will occurnormally.5.If a vertical tab is used to place text as the top line on thepage, its y leading and the x leading of the first line will beomitted. If a vertical tab is used to place text in the middle orat the bottom of a page containing other text, the vertical tabspecifies the start of the y leading, not of the text itself. E.g.,"fpFof ^q+ Yr(+Xw*s rV sr5SsrsrRANP2O7srEM$s rs rL-I%EpE~yErDPpCBBt!AFt@q>rsr:p:y:r9ip977&7r6_pt6q33rB00* 8.;8,#)00s 8(Lr"p4'7B(Lr8&sr#0OP8",8 $8 78sr/8 0sr&8Qsr 84 5+8G0:8%8$8 ?8 5  9d]J}Bravo Course Outline76if a paragraph set with y leading of 24 points is assigned avertical tab setting of 4", and other text precedes it on thepage, the 4" vertical tab will specify the point at which the yleading begins, and the text will appear 24 points down from4". Heading text entered into the document profile and setwith a vertical tab always has y and x leading honored. Asimple way to deal with this inconsistency is to check the ysetting on a paragraph to receive a vertical tab (look ? to theparagraph), remove any y leading, then set the vertical tab forthe specific point where the text is to appear.There are a variety of applications for vertical tabs. One of the major uses is tospecify text placement for headings in the document profile (discussed in theDocument Profile section following). However, there are formatting functionswithin the document for which vertical tabs are useful. Several formattingapplications are discussed below (not an exhaustive list) in which vertical tabsare combined with manual page break directives to achieve desired effects.A.Title PageThe example below describes formatting a page which contains a centered title4 inches down from the top of the page, and a paragraph at the bottom of thepage for organizational credits--"This project was funded and supported by...."Both paragraphs are typed (as separate paragraphs). Then a vertical tab is seton the title paragraph:lookz7.0"ESCThen a separate vertical tab is set on the credits paragraph:lookz2.0"ESCAt the end of the text (credits) paragraph, a manual page break is entered,ensuring that any text following that paragraph will appear on the next page--i.e., after the period ending that paragraph, type l^s.No change in the text will appear on the screen, but the directives entered willbe honored when the document is printed.B.FootnotesBravo has no actual footnote feature; however, it is possible, if painful, toformat footnotes which appear at the bottom of the page. For only a few (halfa dozen) footnotes, it may be worth the trouble. If there are many footnotes,#fp gf_r!]\ ?Z!Y7W}$U*Ts,p;iTy;Tsrp>T?TsrR&Qi/N==L7K35Isr 8H)((F9Ap 0'(Ak F< p!J<ptc=K<#;YpK9r $8OpK3|r"sr A0Psrsr A-$prsr A)sr A&prsr K#srsrK"*"sK rAjpAyjrApA]Kr/ApA6yrApA]!ZrKs(r KWEK <K M1K CZ  9]Bravo Course Outline801/2" from the top of the page so they print on the same line as page numbers.To set vertical tabs on each heading, select them individually and to eachheading paragraph issue the command:lookz10.5"ESCHaving given both the "profile property" command and the vertical tab commands,the document profile is complete. It should appear as the first thing in thedocument. It is wise to type at least one paragraph of the actual document beforereturning to set the profile property and vertical tabs for headings. If the headingparagraph containing the profile property and vertical tab is appended to, subsequentparagraphs will also carry profile property and vertical tab settings. The result willbe an: "error in document profile" message from Bravo when the file is printed.This problem is somewhat difficult to discover since exhaustive changes may bemade to the document profile before realizing that settings on the actual text of thedocument are causing the error.B.Document Profile - Line by LinePage Numbers: Yes X: 527 Y: 10.5" First Page: 79 Not-on-first-pageIf page numbers are not wanted, "no" follows Page Numbers. X is measuredacross the screen; 527 is the default right margin, the horizontal point at whichthe page number will appear. Y is measured up and down on the screen; 10.5"is a vertical tab setting which will place the page number 10-1/2 inches upfrom the bottom of the page, 1/2" down from the top of the page. First Page: 79 stipulates the number with which page numbering should begin.If First page does not appear, page 1 is assumed. Not-on-first-page indicatesthat no number is to be placed on the first page of the document. If Romannumerals are wanted, type the word Roman in the Page Numbers line:...First page: 79 Roman Not-on-first-pagefor example, and type Roman in Uppercase if Roman numerals are to appear inuppercase.Columns: 2 Edge Margin: 60 Between Columns: 40If single column (full page) printing is to be used, this line can be omitted sincefull page is the default. If multiple column printing is wanted, type the numberof columns. Edge margin sets the amount of white space on the left and rightsides of the page. Between Columns sets the amount of white space betweentwo columns of text. (See Double Column Printing, below.)#fp gf_r5]2s r \ $XpXyXrW[pWUUDTQtSq]Q%r8]O3s rs]Nr/]LE]KA]I8]H?]F6]D2#]Cx]K8+NK6NK5!BK38K2%$K0-K+p!%(K#rKK";+K 4ptrK1K @K5ptrK8Kv-urK!1Kl#sr nK%5SBravo Course Outline82Even Heading:Bravo Course OutlineEven Heading works just like Odd Heading except that the heading textsupplied will appear on even numbered pages only. The Even Heading line isended with a ^CR.The heading text can be centered, boldface, and/or in a different font. A ^CRis typed after the text of the heading. Heading text may consist of more thanone line, but it cannot consist of more than one paragraph--normal CR's maybe used, but two separate paragraphs with separate vertical tab settings (for topand bottom of a page, for example) may not be used.C.Other Heading OptionsA document profile with Odd and Even Headings assumes that the documentwill be printed on both sides of the paper--even page numbers on the left side;odd page numbers on the right side. When the document is not to be printedon both sides of the paper, Odd and Even headings are inappropriate--asimpler heading can be used:Heading:Bravo Course OutlineThis heading consists of two paragraphs. Both are given the profile property(look;) and Bravo Course Outline is given a vertical tab setting of 10.5" if it isto print 1/2" down from the top of the page as default page numbers do. Theheadng text may be centered, boldface, and/or in a different font. Text for thisheading, like odd and even headings, may consist of more than one line of text,but it cannot consist of more than one paragraph.Page numbers beginning on the second page of the document are the default inBravo, and with this type of heading directive, the default is for the heading tobegin on the second page of the document also. Therefore, with these twodocument profile lines, the result will be that on the second and followingpages, the heading will appear on the left margin, and the page number willappear on the right margin, both at the top of the page.This type of heading can be combined with the other profile options. Forexample, if page numbering is to start at some point other than page 2, enterthe line:Page Numbers: Yes X: 527 Y: 10.5" First Page: 79The Page Number/First Page option is useful when the length of a documentdictates that it be prepared in two or more files; page numbering may be set forthe second file, then when both files are printed, page numbering isconsecutive.#fp gf_ '[Wr )U%&T  ptrPJptO\rA MDurLR$-J'sr9EpA'r5?8>- sr <1;6@p4/r<.cp:. y.crprpr#,"*+Y2)O(O1%#L#;"* 2sr-8^E4T(p4r0w2s ;r5 m  g &5[)XVII. Document Profile83D.Double Column PrintingTo obtain double column printing Bravo must be given distance specificationsfor:1.Edge Margin(amount of white space on the left andright edges of the page)2.Between Columns(amount of white space separating thetwo columns of text)3.Right margin setting in the document.Edge Margin (em) and Between Columns (bc) settings are decided on the basisof preference. The right margin setting for text, however, must be calculated byfirst deriving the column width for text, and adding the left margin setting. In the following explanation, edge margins are 60 points, and the betweencolumn distance is 40 points. Using these figures, the width of a text columncan be calculated, and when that figure is known, the right margin to be set inthe document can be calculated.left edge (margin)= 60between columns= 40right edge= 60160The total space available across a page is 612 points (8.5" x 72pts/inch), less160 (amount of white space) = 452 points of space remaining to accommodate 2columns of text, and 452/2 = column widths of 226 points. So,left edge (also left margin)= 60column width= 226right margin 286Margins in the document are therefore set at 60 and 286:lookleft60ESClookright286ESCThe document profile line reads:Columns: 2 Edge Margin: 60 Between Columns: 40Once margin and document profile settings have been assigned, Bravo willconfigure the text in two equal columns, break the pages and resume doublecolumn printing on subsequent pages.!AfpFof_KKZCr<KXAU0 . .T AP0..O\AL00%KI/KG,%KEMKB"'KAI*$K?LK>?A;.A9.A8 ./6-8/4rK1/K0N/K.>A+.A* ..(<A' .K#8A pA _y rp _y rptb _A1pAy1rp1rpt9KrAp2Kr =K(.K$\5U+Bravo Course Outline84Double Columns - Miscellaneous Information1.To verify the distances, see that all 612 points of space are accounted for:left edge 601st column226Between columns 402nd column226right edge 60612 points2.If heading and page numbers are to be used, their placement should matchthe far right margin in effect for double columns. E.g., the X setting forpage numbers should not be 527 (the default right margin); it should beset to correspond to the right margin of column 2--lm 60 + cw 226 + bc40 + cw 226 = 552 right margin. Thus, for the example used above the Xsetting for page numbers would be 552.And the left margin set when heading text is typed in the documentprofile should be the same as the left margin set in the document--in theexample above it is 60 points.3.Either finish all text entry and editing before resetting the left margin at60, or give the command windowedge60ESC. If one of these methods isnot used, setting the left margin at 60 will truncate some of the text alongthe left side of the screen--text placed left from 85 points will print asspecified, but it will not show up on the screen unless window edge isreset.[The window edge is set at 85 points--the default left margin--unless anew window edge boundary is specified. To restore the window edge to 85points, give the command window edge 85 ESC. Note that applying a lF(page boundary) command or a look hardcopy command returns thewindow edge setting to 85.]E.Double Column Printing - Centered TitleTo center a title over Column 1, the title is simply typed and centered with themargins set appropriately--for the example above, margins throughout thedocument are set at 60 (left) and 286 (right). Bravo will center the title overColumn 1, and continue with double column formatting.However, if the title is to be centered across the full page with double columnprinting following, several additional formatting specifications must be made.In the following example, the distances being used are: Left margin (lm) 60;column width (cw) 226; between columns (bc) 40; right edge (re) 60.With multiple column printing a ^L (l^s) means go to the next column, not tothe next page. Two consecutive ^L's means go to the next page. To center a#fp gf_s*ZCr09W/pU /pT /pR /pQ /p/pO'/pMr J0 >AIH2AG-AF>AADAAC4&0@sr0>!(0<8+0($A6p)6O*6rp.6O/t6rpt16O56r A5!'%A3:srA2 8A00-f6A+= A*\p*%*+*\rp/*0g*\rp3;*4*\rpt5e*q7*\rptH#*,A(rp/(y0)(rp3(4X(rA'R9"p'rG'9!/5@l3@8C $p. 80 r s r 9 g 5]GXVII. Document Profile85title across the full page with double columns following, proceed as follows:1.The document profile reads:Columns: 2 Edge Margin: 60 Between Columns: 402.Margins for the text of the document are set at 60 and 286.3.The title is inserted and centered with margins for that paragraphonly set at 60 and 552 (full page centering). The right margin for fullpage centering is calculated by adding: lm 60 + cw 226 + bc 40 + cw226 = 552, or by subtracting (em) 60 from 612 = 552.4.Then a vertical tab is set on the title paragraph--look z 9.0" ESC, forexample.5.Decide how much text can fit in Column 1 based on how far from thetop of the page it will begin to print--3" for this example. Then set avertical tab on the first paragraph of Column 1 of 8". Where column1 is to end, type a ^L (l^s) which will be read as a directive to go tothe next column, not the next page.6.Set a vertical tab on the first paragraph of column 2 of 8" so it willprint at the same height as column 1. At the end of column 2 (youmust determine where that is) type two consecutive ^L's (l^s twice),which will be read as a page break directive.7.If standard double column formatting is to proceed from page 2throughout the remainder of the document, nothing further need bedone. The document profile reads: Columns: 2 Edge Margin: 60Between Columns: 40, and the margins in the text are set at 60 and286--that is all the information Bravo needs to format doublecolumns.More information and several hints about starting a file "from scratch" is containedin Appendix A.!AfpFofK_r A[pZe2W9psr'T p0sRr4Q(O~4LRpp:Ky;$LRrp>$K>LRrp?fKALRrptBKqDLRrJGp5 F+Dsr p;D@g=DrCp)FB+7Cr,A#>apsrp?> gAT>ar <);W&pA ;B;Wr9-6p%5!13#24 0 -/ *:@( &(n9?.Bravo Course Outline86XVIII.CalculatorBravo has a simple calculator. For full details about it see the Alto User'sHandbook. This section describes only its most standard features.The calculator can be used either by typing numbers directly into it from thekeyboard, or by selecting numbers within the file and entering them into thecalculator.A.From the KeyboardAt any point while Bravo is in a ready state, numbers can be typed to thecalculator; no command need proceed the number. When the first numeral istyped, the system window reads:NUMBERand the number typed is displayed in the insert (middle) buffer of the systemwindow. For example, 1500 is typed from the keyboard and it appears in theinsert buffer. To enter it in the calculator, type \ (backslash, not /). Aftertyping backslash (enter), 1500 is placed in the search (far right) buffer, where arunning total is displayed.To divide 1500 by 3, type:3/(division operator)and the total in the search buffer will change to 500.To multiply the total (500) by 3, type:3*(multiplication operator)and the total will change to 1500.To subtract 500 from the total, type:500-hyphen (subtraction operator)and the total changes to 1000.To add 500 to the total, type:500+ or =(addition operators)and the total returns to 1500.#fp gf g^qT 9Yr 9 s 9Xwr:9UKM9S!sr 9RA 9MnpHr srG#'EBept?9r!,=K9YXVIII. Calculator87To get a percentage of the total (1500), type:5%and the total changes to 75.00.B.Selections from a FileTo enter a number from the file into the calculator, select it and type\(enter)That number can then be affected by any of the operators--i.e., select anothernumber in the file and type + or =, -, *, % or /. The total in the search bufferwill display the new sum. Or a number can be typed from the keyboardfollowed by one of the operators and the search buffer will display the result.For example,Select the number 500 in the filetype \ (enter)select the number 3 in the filetype *or:Select the number 500type \ (enter)type the number 3type *In either case, whether 3 is selected from the file or typed from the keyboard,the search buffer will display the sum 1500.C.Decimal Point OptionsThe number of digits after a decimal point is initially set at 2. However, it canbe changed. 0-9 are the options. The command to change it is:calculator#There are a variety of features not described here which can be found in the"Bravo Manual" of the Alto User's Handbook.#mfpFofK_r.A[pA[AZeAZ7KW9rRfpKKMrG7Jgp7J!ZJgr!KG;7KEprprprprpr!KD1-KB9KA' A=!AHowToUse.bravo,.ears, .press. This new procedure should be the one adopted forbacking up files from your Alto.]2.To make Bravo files generally available to other users by puttingthem on Maxc.3.To access relevant files from Maxc in order to supplement"forms" files; obtain newly implemented features; update existingAlto systems.In fact, it would be difficult to use an Alto for an extended period in the Parcenvironment without needing to access or store files on Maxc.The FTP (File Transfer Program) transfers a file on your disk to Maxc; orretrieves a file from Maxc and puts it on your disk.To the Alto Executive type:FTP MAXC(type the space preceding Maxc)and then type a CR. After the CR is typed, the screen will be reconfigured into3 windows, the middle one reads:Alto Pup FTP User*OPEN Maxcpv?CAD1rKBsr:KA'tr%K=srCKEmpress.run with documentation onEmpress.tty. The procedure to create this file wouldbe as above with the e (ears format) option being replaced bythe p (press format) option and the .ears extension given to thefilename (f option) replaced by a .press extension.]#fp gf_r:]Z pGZxZrX pvpvpvp UKr? SARA+%Pp;Pe8sPr*srO7srLupLLurIFp D/rAmpA>r;p.v9'rtr7p r6pr3[pv$3q'13[rtrp=3 ?3[r 1+0Q-pvp, )Hr?t'r/&>:#|tr!@  r>Ih49! 4srEF( p()< r p@1r! p !r)Z g5XNXIX. Maxc Users91C.Send MessageThe MSG subsystem on Maxc is useful for sending and receiving on-linemessages. Documentation for MSG can be obtained by printing the file:MSG.Doc. From Maxc, the command to print the file is:@Ears Msg.Docfollowed by a CR.ConclusionThe Outline has attempted to cover Bravo's fundamental features, but it has not and cannotdescribe either the vast number of possible combinations, or the variety of ways to achievesimilar results. Experimentation and continued use of Bravo will reveal both.#lfpFof_K KZrsr 4KYKsr"KWsrtr#ATpTC U(Trpv3TC5Tr PTt LrG JH IN H=MnAppendicesA:Starting a File "from Scratch"B:Hardcopy (Printing) OptionsC:Font Summary SheetD:Bravo Summary Sheet&Mp gD6q9 gA 9 g=9 g:9p g:k(Appendices93Appendix A: Starting a File from ScratchWhen Bravo is called, the end-of-file marker is the only thing displayed in the documentwindow, and it is selected. Either an insert or append command with Bravo in this statewill allow text to be entered.A document requiring only page numbers--no other document profile option--does notrequire a document profile line for page numbers. The pagination default is that anydocument containing no directives will be numbered consecutively beginning with page 2.Bravo considers paragraphs to be the areas between two ^CR's. It will not respond toparagraph commands until at least one ^CR has been typed. For example, when the end offile marker is on the same line as the text being typed, no paragraph commands (like ^c tocenter) will be accepted. Therefore, an insert command given with only the end of filemarker on the screen must either begin with a ^CR, or the first paragraph must be typedand ended with a ^CR before Bravo will respond to paragraph formatting commands.When a file is started from scratch it is sometimes easier to enter all paragraphs requiringindividual formatting before returning to give formatting commands. E.g., the followingformat:Bravo Course Outline(3" from top of page)Introduction(60 points down from title)Text of first paragraph(24 point paragraph break)Text of second paragraph(12 point paragraph break)can most quickly be set up by typing all of the paragraphs without stopping to format them,then issuing individual formatting commands until the point at which the formatstandardizes--with the second text paragraph, for example. When starting from scratch, noparagraph breaks are specified; therefore, a ^CR does not provide any white space betweenparagraphs until some y setting is given to at least one of the paragraphs. (In fact, noformatting is set--paragraphs have no breaks assigned, justification is not in effect, etc.)When the first four paragraphs vary widely in the y setting desired, it is best to input all ofthem, then return and set the paragraph format individually--centering one and assigning a%fr Fof_X2) NiqK L< K_ H39 F6 E)2% A5 @xP >E =n= ;W :d; 78#9 5J 4."q1r"/}q%r $/q\& [ u/O sq8 kA (1 a6&  W  W.,>  >\Bravo Course Outline94vertical tab, justifying and setting y distances on others, etc. Any paragraph carrying avertical tab setting must be set individually to avoid appending paragraphs which will carrythe same vertical tab and thus cause overprinting.If the document is to have highly structured levels of formatting, it may be possible to setup things like tab requirements early in the document, then use them throughout thedocument without stopping to set them at each level. For example, the levels of formattingare:I.Text (tab at 120)A.Text (tab at 145)1.Text (tab at 170)All of these tabs can be set very early in the document since setting named tabs has noeffect unless they are used, but once set they remain in effect for appended paragraphs andcan be used when needed.This approach assumes fairly careful planning before the document is typed. However, afew minutes spent setting up a consistent format will save lengthy editing sessions later.When there are several formatting levels, it may be useful to set up sample paragraphs withtext describing their format, and have these paragraphs at the end of the document. Theseformats can then be adopted easily with a copy selection to the look all command. Havingthese sample paragraphs displayed in a subwindow further facilitates formatting since thereis no need to scroll the document to locate desired formats.#fr gf g_q> g]sqC g[2 gXBsq gW(+ gUM gT ]O8rq Jerq ]Erq gBf 2sq g@sq 6 g?\ g<0 J g:eB g79:! g5E g4/ 5r7-3y74/qr:3;W4/q g2[ g1%<f g0=7,Appendices95Appendix B: Hardcopy (Printing) OptionsThe hardcopy command has 10 options, seven of which were discussed in the Outline: e forears format; p for press format; @ for printer designation; multiple copies; CR for one copy;DEL to abort the command; and filename for file output.When hardcopy is initiated, Bravo prints the message:HARDCOPY: Type option (C,S,D,N,F,@,E,P,DEL) or CR to confirmThe options yet to be described are: D for Diablo printer; N for user name; and S for "startat page #".The sequence for specifying the user name to be printed on the cover of the listing is:hardcopyHARDCOPY: Type option (C,S,D,N,F,@,E,P,DEL) or CR to confirmnHARDCOPY: Type user name, terminated by ESCusernameESCHARDCOPY: Type option (C,S,D,N,F,@,E,P,DEL) or CR to confirmCRto send file.The sequence for "start at page #" is:hardcopyHARDCOPY: Type option (C,S,D,N,F,@,E,P,DEL) or CR to confirmsHARDCOPY: Type page # to start print at, terminated by ESC4ESC(for example)HARDCOPY: Type option (C,S,D,N,F,@,E,P,DEL) or CR to confirmCRto send file.When "start at page #" is used it takes some time for Bravo to go through the document andfigure out where the page specified begins. Once that is accomplished, the file will beprinted starting at that page and continuing to the end of the document. This option isuseful with the Diablo printer since printing the entire file proceeds more slowly than withEars.%fr Fofi^( XTq**rDWEaXTq V reVx(Vqr FVxk!Vq#r8Vx8VqrtVq UJrt T UJqr#[T#UJq RrQRq/Nrtqrtr Kq%8 JA G).CrCCq@rt;=r=::et+79rt6S3<0r0D n0q -o&*Cr)*Cq'rt;#r# t:Mrt1Mq !t<r nq I D6" U :$8    n=ZMBravo Course Outline96Diablo PrinterThe D option is for Diablo printer. To use this option, make sure paper is loaded in theprinter and positioned correctly for printing to begin, then after initiating the hardcopycommand, type:dHARDCOPY: Type option (C,S,D,N,F,@,E,P,DEL) or CR to confirmDiablo OutputCRHARDCOPY: Type command (C,R,DEL) or blank to proceedReady to print page 1Typing a space (blank) at this point will cause the first page to be printed. C will initiatecontinuous printing (presuming perforated paper is loaded), and R is to "reprint last page."Unless continuous printing is in effect, the message will be displayed after each page isprinted, providing time for the next sheet of paper to be loaded--type a space to print thenext page, an r to reprint the last page or discontinue the entire command with DEL.However, if continuous printing has been initiated, the entire file will be printed withoutinterruption.If text is underlined on the screen, the Diablo printer will underline it; it double underlinestext which appears in italics on the screen; it completely ignores text which is in a differentfont on the screen, but leaves the amount of blank space that text would require if printed;all margin settings are honored; text with a vertical tab setting will be placed as specified;page breaks occur normally; and headings and page numbers are printed as requested.#fr gf g_s gZCq0) gX<rCcXgD0Xq gW9 ]T r]SSQt<O ]Lwr]L  SInt4H  gDqrD^FDq3 gC\? gAY g@R3r=?^@@Rq g> r>v%>q(rtFT>vH>q g=H r<=Hq> g;} g8Q$; g6 U g5G)(sq g3G g2= Hp g1>6Appendices97Appendix C: Font Summary Sheet%fr FofX2, TKBravo Course Outline98Appendix D: Bravo Summary Sheet#fr gfX26 gTySummary of CommandsSummary of CommandsContentsI.Keyboard Commands100-109II.Look Commands110-118IntroductionThe summary lists Bravo commands in two groups: single character keyboard commands arelisted in alphabetical order; and all look commands are grouped alphabetically, with specialcharacter looks (; ? -, etc.) at the end of the Look command section.Almost no explanation of commands is provided in the Summary; only the sequence ofkeystrokes required to execute each command is given. However, each command is followedby page numbers, referencing the point in the outline where further explanation is available.Thus, the summary may be used either as a quick reference for a particular commandsequence, or as a partial index for the outline.!fp FMq Fp B$#s >p #s 4p 0r@ .&p".:y#m.r- - E )4 ([6" &;" %Q= #0 #>DbvBravo Course Outline100I. Keyboard CommandsAppendMake a selectionappendtype text to be addedESCSee:append text string, p. 18append paragraph, pp. 22-23append with secondary selection, p. 63BravoBugTo control the replay, use the following commands:spaceStops the replay. After the replay is stopped, eachspace causes one command to replay.proceedResumes replay at full speed.break before command # Interrupts the replay at the commandnumber specified.terminate CRTerminates the replay.quickCauses typed text to go in all at once. Quick is defaultmode--it is not needed unless slow has been used.slowSlows down the replay so text goes in character bycharacter, as it was typed initially.See Section VIII, pp. 36-38.#fp gf#X2 gNiQJirQHpQHHrQG_QEptQEq]Br?=ptA=kr;: 5Hp1Hr /p/lyb/r.>,pt,bq)r&a$#( pr8jpr[jr`pt q4r I B   <8]Bravo Course Outline104KillTo destroy or clear a new or subwindow, type:killfollowed by one of the following mouse buttons:RedWith cursor in bottom window, destroys bottom window,gives full screen to top window.YellowWith cursor in top or bottom new window, clearscontents, leaves window. With cursor in eithersubwindow, clears entire screen of all text, leavessubwindows.BlueWith cursor in top window, destroys top window, givesfull screen to bottom window.See Section XV, pp. 68-74Also see Window in Command Summary.LFSee Page BoundaryMouse FunctionsThere are three sets of mouse functions:1. To select strings of text:RedSelects a single character or space.YellowSelects a word.BlueExtends a selection through single characters or words,depending on the initial selection.2. Scroll Bar:RedMoves line of text opposite cursor to top of documentwindow.YellowScrolls to a relative position in the document--cursor attop of document window scrolls the document to thebeginning; cursor at bottom of document window scrollsthe document to the end; cursor in the middle of thedocument window scrolls the document to middle, etc.#fp gf g_][r-IWpIWWrST/IQp#pr-#pP ILp#pr56ur#pK\ u#pIrV,W#pHR IE&p#pr#pC]@u]>pr g8Rp]4Rrp g-])rurS&oI#p#pr$I Sp#prI'p#pr- #p#SvIJp#pr +#pIp#pr!#p+#p 6#p !#p 4f g >/]Summary of Commands105BlueMoves line at top of document window down oppositecursor position.3. Line Bar:RedSelects the line of text opposite the cursor.YellowSelects the paragraph opposite the cursor.BlueExtends the selection through lines or paragraphs,depending on the initial selection.See:Text selection, pp. 4-6.Scroll Bar, pp. 15-17.Line Bar, pp. 20-21.NormalizeTo bring selected text (no matter where it is in the document) to the top of thedocument window, type:normalizeSee p. 33.Page BoundaryTo initiate the Page Boundary option, type:LF KeyTo cancel Page Boundary, type:windowdestroyplace cursor in bottom windowpush any mouse buttonThen type:everythinglookH (uppercase H)See Section XV, pp. 73-74.!fpEf_"r2"]Ze W9p"r urT p"r urPp"r_ `'"O\#L0JI&G A&p=&rE ;8up88ur5I -'p )'r+%pt%%r"pLrprur  per7pyi7rp87r  8XFBravo Course Outline106PutPuttype or select filenameESCTo store a new version of the same file--i.e., use the same filename, type:PutESCSee pp. 8-9 (Put), and pp. 18-19 (Put ESC).Quitquit (from Bravo or from the Alto Executive)CRSee p. 12.ReplaceMake selectionreplacetype replacement textESCSee pp. 6-7.SubstituteSelect the amount of text to be affectedsubstitutetype text string desiredESCtype text string to be changedESCSee Section XIV, pp. 64-65Also see Find (selective substitutions) in Command Summary.#fp gf g_P[PZI[rPYPX ptPWqPTrur)PQpPQ]IQrPP/ptPOqdMr'v gFpPBPB Br-PAmptPAd>Ar g80pI40r I2pI2T2rI1&I/ptI/Jq],ur g&dp P"dr(P pP  rPZPptP~qPPrPptPtqdrdpr. g6R7Summary of Commands107UndoTo cancel the effects of the last command, type:undoUndo works only on the last command given, and only if the selection has not beenchanged.See p. 32.WindowAfter typing:windowThe mouse buttons work as follows:RedMoves boundary of new or subwindow--hold down Red andmove cursor slowly to desired boundary. When Red is released,boundary will freeze.YellowTo create a subwindowBlueTo create a new windowSee Section XV, pp. 68-73.Also see Kill in Command Summary.Window ClearTyping:windowclearclears the document window of all text and simultaneously clears the filename fromthe black border below the system window.See p. 33.Also see pp. 72-73 (multiple windows).Window EdgeThe window edge (left margin of the screen) is set at 85 points unless it is!fpEf _[rurWpWWrT*'S9P  IpEr BfpBBfr?:"<pr(pr:.pr 95pr2pr/-pr ']p #]r 1p 1rpUrM) J& p  r#)  8]Bravo Course Outline108specifically changed. To change the window edge, type:windowedge60(for example)ESCTo restore window edge to the default, use the same command, with 85 for thedistance.See p. 84.Window DestroyTo get rid of a new or subwindow, type:windowdestroyand use any mouse button to select the window to be destroyed.See pp. 72-73.Also see all of Section XV, pp. 68-74.Window MoveTo move the boundary of a new or subwindow, type:windowmoveand use any mouse button to trace the new boundary.See pp. 72-73Also see all of Section XV, pp. 68-74.Window NewTo create a new window, type:windownewand use any mouse button to indicate the desired new window boundary.See pp. 72-73.Also see all of Section XV, pp. 68-74.#fp gfd_r7P[pP[C[rPZepPZZerPXpPX#pXr PW[ptPWqdT/r&&dRdO~ nIp dEr'ZBpZBTMBrZA&pZ@A&rd=ur3d: d9I& n2p d/r1Z,vpZ,M,vrZ*pZ*$~*rd'ur(d$ d#& np dmr u rZApZMArZpZe"rdur:dd d & g 8[rSummary of Commands109Window SplitTo create a subwindow, type:windowsplitand use any mouse button to indicate the desired subwindow boundary.See pp. 72-73Also see all of Section XV, pp. 68-74.!fpEf _ [rXpXgXrW9pVW9rT ur9P O\& O3GBravo Course Outline110Look CommandsA brief description of each Look command is given below. The pages following containindividual command sequences for each Look and page numbers for more detailedexplanation within the outline.Look:**allAlters paragraph format to match that of secondary selection.boldBoldface text.centerParagraph look for centering text.CLR (or BW)To cancel special character looks--n/a for clearing paragraph format looks.*downTo offset text down from baseline.*firstParagraph look to control placement of first line.hardcopyDuplicates line break and character placement when printed.italicItalicized text.justifyTo justify right margin.*keepTo keep blocks of text together--i.e., control where page breaks occur.*leftTo set the left margin.nestedIndent paragraph by 36 points (1/2")--preset paragraph look.openAdds 12 points of leading to paragraph break--preset paragraph look.*paragraphTo set margin for the second and following lines of a paragraph.qAdds 6 points of leading to paragraph break--preset paragraph look.*rightSets right margin.**sameAlters character style to match secondary selection.*TABkeyTo set "named" or regular interval tab.*upTo offset text up from the baseline.visibleTo get spaces, tabs, CR's, etc. visibly represented.*xTo set leading between lines--6 pts. = double, 1 pt. = single spaced.*yTo set leading between paragraphs--12 pts is default leading.*zTo set a vertical tab. (See Part III)0-9Font changes.-Underlined text.^Superscripted text._Subscripted text.?With paragraph selection displays paragraph settings; with character selectiondisplays font and character looks.;Sets profile property in document profile specifications. (See Part III)*Require distance specification.**Require a secondary selection.#fp gf gb g^r(- g]m D! g[ gWp gSr0p0RSrv=0Q'p0PQ'rv 0O9p0NO9rv"0MKptrtrvwvw v gK]0p0KK]rv" gIor0p0IIorv20Gp0G*Grv;0Ep0E<yErv0Cp0CNrCrv gAr0p0A`ArvG g?r0p0?ry?rv0=p0==rv"rv0;p0;;rvD g9r0p099rv@08p078vC g6#r0p056#rv g45r0p0345rv4 g2Gr0pt012Grv' g0Yr0p000Yrv$0.kp0..krv4 g,}r0p0,&,}vE g*r0p0*8*v= g(r0p0(J(v&0&prpv 0$pv0"pv0 pv0pvNv"0pvI g\r0 g0 g=QzSummary of Commands111II. Look CommandsAllSelect paragraph(s)lookallselect secondary paragraphESCSee p. 56-57.BoldMake selectionlookboldTo cancel boldface, type lookB.See p. 20.For boldface text while typing, see p. 23.CenterMake selectionlookcenteredTo cancel centering, type lookC.See pp. 29-30.For centering text while typing, see p. 31.CLR (or BW)To cancel special character looks, select the text and type:lookCLR (or BW) key!fpEf!eYq QqpMqrKpKysKrJgpJJgrHG]ptGqD1r =p9r 81p7ys81r6p6U6r3p 3)y!d3rp#3)$3r0T .u r (Tp$Tr "p"xys"r!Jp !Jrp!Zy!rp$8%6r mu r ptrtr< p oys r Apt  Artr  &^ Bravo Course Outline112See pp. 22.To clear character looks while typing, see p. 23.DownMake selectionlookdowntype distance in points that text is to be offset.ESCSee pp. 55-56.FirstSelect paragraph(s)lookfirsttype or select horizontal position for first line of paragraph.ESCSee Section XI, 51-55.HardcopylookhardcopyTo cancel hardcopy mode, type lookH.See pp. 57-58.ItalicsMake selectionlookitalicsTo cancel italics, type lookI.See p. 20.For italicized text while typing, see p. 23.#fp gfd_r d]u r nWpZSr ZQpZQ:yQrZP pZOP rZN2ZMptZLqdIr nApZ=rZ2(pt(bq%r kpkrpysrap ar5Gp?y@5rpB+C5r u r  =3Y Bravo Course Outline114OpenSelect paragraph(s)lookopenLook open adds 12 points of leading to the break preceding the paragraph. Tocancel open, type lookO.See pp. 49-50.Use of open while typing, see p. 50.ParagraphSelect paragraphlookparagraphtype or select horizontal position for 2nd and following lines.ESCSee Section XI, pp. 51-55.qSelect paragraph(s)lookqq adds 6 points of leading to the break preceding the paragraph. To cancel q,type lookQ.See pp. 49-50.Use of q while typing, see p. 50.RightSelect paragraph(s)lookrighttype or select horizontal position for right marginESCSee Section XI, pp. 51-55.#fp gf n_Z[rZYpZY:yYrZX pZWX rdTpaTTrGdS[p|SyS[rp ZS(!S[rdP/ dN u r nH/pZD/rZBpZBSyBrZA%pZ@A%rZ??Z>ptZ=qd:r n2pZ.rZ-HpZ,y-HrZ+pZ+ld(rLd'p&y:'rp&('rd# d"au r npZrZapZ yarZpZrZW3ZptZ{qdrb g_66YSummary of Commands115SameMake selectionlooksamemake secondary selectionESCSee p. 57.TAB keyTo reset the interval at which plain tabs fall:Select paragraph(s)lookTAB key=type distance in points or inches for plain tab intervalESCTo set specific ("named") tabs:Select paragraph(s)lookTAB keytype tab identifier (1-9 or a-f)type or select horizontal position of tab stopESCSee Section XII, pp. 59-61.UpMake selectionlookuptype distance in points that text is to be offsetESCSee pp. 55-56.VisibleMake selectionlook!fpEf _[r YpY:ysYrX pWX rVUptTqQr K[ptrG[u rD/BpBSysBrA%pt@A%r?p?I>r8pZ=]d:r(Z7 Z6>pZ5y6>rZ4pZ4b]d1r  g1F86 TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN GACHA  TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN  TIMESROMAN TIMESROMAN HELVETICA d%+/2: CIBQ2W_elsyB}^"E ;#3  !$f']`f j/,=*BravoCourseOutline2.pressLudolphCreated with Pressedit